Feat William Uzani nthano za iye

Mtundu uliwonse ali ndi khalidwe chake chomwe chimayimira chilakolako Aisiraeli ufulu ndi ufulu. Nthawi zina, mu ntchito yake monga nkhoswe otchulidwa m'nthano, ndipo nthawi zambiri anawonjezapo chizindikiro chenicheni cha kuchita mwakuti n'zovuta kusiyanitsa choonadi zopeka. Mmodzi ngwazi amenewa ndi William Uzani, amene kwa zaka zambiri akhala analemba nthano Swiss ndi nyimbo.

A mbiri pang'ono

Musanayambe nkhani ya Vilgelme Telle, muyenera kupanga ulendo yaing'ono m'mbiri ya Switzerland, yeniyeni m'mbiri ya Canton wa Uri, yomwe ili Alps. Uri anthu kwa zaka amadziwika ndi ufulu okonda awo, ndipo ngakhale dera lino ankaona gawo German, malamulo yake unathandizira pa Alps.
Komanso, mpaka kotala lotsiriza la zaka za m'ma XIII ndi Canton wa Uri ndi cantons wa Schwyz ndi Unterwalden maudindo ena monga mphoto kwa mtima zinasonyeza anthu awo mu utumiki wa mfumu Austria. Ndipo Rudolph, amene ankalemekeza kwambiri kwa mapiri wolimba, ngakhale anawapatsa ufulu wosankha kazembe zawo - Landamman-a. Koma ndiye zinthu zinasintha, ndi Swiss anali kuteteza ufulu wawo. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, mu 1291, atatu kupanduka Canton adalowa mgwirizano ankhondo, zomwe wafunsira chilengedwe cha zaka mazana angapo kenako, Chitaganya Swiss.

Amene anali William Uzani?

Koma kubwerera ku William Uzani. Kodi za iye? Inde, pang'ono ndithu. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti anali mbadwa ya mzinda Byurglen ili mu Canton wa Uri. Ndipo mbiri Uzani anabadwa mu parishi m'kaundula anali osachisunga. Komabe, anthu amene ali a malingaliro akuti Uzani - khalidwe lenileni, limafotokoza kusapezeka kwa umboni wolembedwa chakuti miyala boma cha Canton wa Uri pamoto mu 1440. Komanso, pali lomwe Mundiuze anali mkamwini kwenikweni wotchuka - Walter Fürst, amene zalembedwa, mu 1307 poyera analumbira pamodzi ndi Werner Stauffacher ndi Arnold de A Melchtal amasule dziko lakwawo mu ulamuliro wa anadana ndi nkhanza Austrians. Ngati mfundo zenizeni, kuwauza za moyo wa ngwazi yadziko la Switzerland pafupifupi kumeneko, masuku pamutu wa William Uzani amadziwika mwatsatanetsatane. Ndipo palibe wina akhoza kundiuza kumene choonadi ndi zopeka.

William Uzani: Bakuman ndi mfundo zenizeni. Kodi za iye?

Zonsezi zinayamba mu 1291 pamene anakwera wachifumu Rudolf wolandila Choyamba Adolf Nassausky. Mfumu yatsopano, dzina la Black Duke, wodziŵika ndi nkhanza zake ndi consign kuti anaiwalika mapangano m'mbuyomo mtendere. Chinthu choyamba chimene anachita - m'malo Landamman-m ndi abwanamkubwa awo, otchedwa bailiffs. Izi akuluakulu Austria anayamba kusayeruzika, kudzipheralo chochititsa manyazi ndi chopusa mwa anthu a cantons Swiss. Nkhanza osiyana bailiff Gessler, amene anakhala mu kulinga ku Altdorf ndi kutsogozedwa ankatumikira wake seyavshimi mantha pakati wamba m'deralo. Apa mfundo zenizeni mathero, ndipo akuyamba nthano kufotokoza chintchito William Uzani zamitundu yowala ndi zinthu zonse. Ndipo ofufuza angati amaganizo amanena kuti nthano za malangizo kunyadira Alps ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi nthano za akaponya katswiri (pali pafupi dazeni), ndiwo anthu osiyanasiyana okhala m'dera lalikulu ku India ku Persia ndi ku Scandinavia Peninsula.

Chintchito wolimba Swiss

Malinga ndi nthano, kamodzi Gessler anaganiza kuti apeze ngati kupanduka ndi akamayamba pakati pa anthu okhala Uri. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, analamula mzati anapereka lalikulu ndi kukhazikitsa pa chipewa chake ducal. Ndiye Likulengeza analengeza kuti odutsa ayenera kugwadira zipewa linali kuimira mphamvu ya Austrians, ndi okana, imfa akuyembekezera. Gritting mano, anthu anamvera dongosolo, ndi William Uzani, amene anali kuyenda mu lalikulu ndi mwana wake, iye anakana kugwadila chipewa cha. Pamene iye anabweretsa mafunso iye ananena kuti ndi munthu ufulu.

Bailiff Gessler adakwiya koma sanayese n'komwe kudzapereka yomweyo wopandukayo. Ataganiza kuchita anzeru, analonjeza kukhululukira Auzeni, ngati adzatha kuti adzafike ndi kuchita zana ndi cholinga, ndipo ngati chandamale anamuuza ntchito apulo, kuvala mutu wa mwana wake William. Kumene, wamtali anakana, koma bailiff wily anati kuti ngati akulamula apulo kuwombera wina wa oponya mivi yake. Malinga ndi nthano, mu zochitika ndi chintchito William Auzeni anapangidwa - munthu, kusonkhanitsa mtima wake wonse, iye anachotsedwa ntchito ndipo anagunda apulo pa mutu wa mwana wake chaka asanu akale, Walter, kenako adathawa ndi mwanayo.

Moyo ngwazi pambuyo chintchito

Pa moyo wa William Uzani pambuyo pa mwambowu pa khwalala la Altdorf imatchedwanso pang'ono kwambiri. Makamaka, nthano limanena kuti iye anamuwombera Gessler ku crossbow, pamene ndinali kukatenga wake akapolo banja, koma pambuyo mfundo zambiri zazikulu. Mwachitsanzo, iye anali nawo Nkhondo ya Morgarten umene unachitika mu 1315. Choncho chintchito William Auzeni anali yekha. Pamene zaka salola iye kulimbana ndi chida mu dzanja lake, munthuyo nakhala msungichuma wa mpingo wa Bingen. Iwo anatinso imfa ya ngwazi za mmwamba mu 1354, pamene William Uzani, kale wokalamba kwambiri amene anamwalira pofuna kupulumutsa mwana asafe mu phiri mtsinje.

Rossini - mwaluso nyimbo zachikhalidwe

Kukonda dziko lako ndi makolo ft William Auzeni anali moyo imeneyi Dzhoakino Rossini, amene analengedwa mu 1829 mwaluso wake - kuimba nyimbo za opera "William Uzani".

Overture za malonda lalikulu ndi zaka pafupifupi 190 zaka zili m'gulu la pulogalamu ya zoimbaimba nyimbo symphonic, ndi kutchuka yake saposa ngakhale opus tingachipeze powerenga. ndi Rossini yekha anali anawononga patapita miyezi isanu yaitali ntchito pa "Vilgelmom Tellem" imene, pambuyo pokhala ndi moyo zaka kuyamba 40, salinso akatulukire kwa mtundu wanyimbo opera. Rossini a "William Uzani" anali kwambiri kutamandidwa otsutsa. Komabe, mpaka mapeto a censors XIX m'ma mwankhanza shredding libretto ake, n'kumusintha dzina, chifukwa anaona kuyitana kuti zinthu zisinthe ndi kupanduka.