Orlov dzina lake Aleksandr Mihaylovich (Leib Lazarevic Feldbin) NKVD wa USSR: yonena

Mu 1952, wotchuka American magazini "Moyo" lofalitsidwa nkhani, amene akhala kutengeka kwenikweni. Mwa iwo wolemba, amene kale anali Soviet kazitape, ndipo pa nthawi defector n'kuthawira ku West - Igor Konstantinovich Berg - anaulula umboni za milandu ya boma Stalin, iye adadziwa adanena, kuchokera mkati, ndi chimene chinali zimakhudza mwachindunji. Kodi munthu uyu ndani, ndipo anamupangitsa iye kuti achoke kwawo?

Youth Tsogolo Scout

dzina lake lenileni - Moyo Lazarevic Feldbin. Iye anabadwa August 21, 1895 ku banja Ayuda okhala mu tauni ya m'chigawo Bobruisk, Minsk. Iwo akanakhala ndi moyo, iye sanasiye moyo wake kuti sangamuthandize amangokhala ali pikitipikiti mzinda wa mzinda, koma mu 1916, pakati pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, analandira kuitanidwa ndi anakakamizika kuvala chikhoto msilikali. Komabe promorzshie kunkhondo kutsogolera udindo sanayembekezere achinyamata Leyba Feldbina amene wakhala kumbuyo mpaka chiyambi cha February zisinthe.

Bwino motsogozedwa mu maelstrom kayendedwe zandale chinapululutsa Russia atagwa autocracy, iye mu February 1917 limodzi ndi Party Communist wa United Internationalists, ndi wina wa zolengedwa ndiye Democrats Social. Koma monga msilikali wa gulu silinakhalitse - kukhala m'gulu la Red Army mu Civil nkhondo, anakhala membala wa Moyo wa RCP (b).

Leo Lazarevic - antchito a Dipatimenti Special

Popeza kuyambira ubwana kuwawa kwa umphawi ndi manyazi dziko, kwaiye ndi lamulo odziwika kwa wofooka wa Kwawokhawokha kwa Ayuda, iye anakhulupirira ndi mtima wake onse amene akutsatira mkulu amene Bolsheviks analengeza cholinga cha ntchito zake zandale. Leib anali pamenepo zaka twente-faifi zokha, ndipo iye ndi kuwawonjezera mphamvu zonse za mnyamata anathamangira kulimbana ndi anthu amene, monga mwa mafano ake maganizo, kupewedwa isanayambike chimwemwe konsekonse.

Mu 1920 anakhala wantchito wa Gawo Special 12 asilikali ndipo anatenga gawo mu kudziwika ndi kuwonongedwa kwa mabungwe potsimikizira-chosintha ku Ukraine. Chifukwa tikusonyeza nkhondowo chidwi ndi makhalidwe gulu Leyba chaka chotsatira anasankhidwa mkulu wa gulu lapadera cholinga. Pa nthawi yomweyo chingasinthe dzina, kotero kuti m'tsogolo zikalata zonse m'gulu Lev Lazarevich Nikolsky.

Gawo ntchito ndi kuphunzira mu Moscow

Mu 1921, chipanichi potsogolera Lva Lazarevicha mu Arkhangelsk, kutsogolera Chinsinsi Ntchito Division. Apa, pambuyo yochepa, anaikidwa mutu wa dipatimenti Kufufuza wothandizila ndi udindo imathandiza akapitawo White Alonda amene anapatsidwa mwayi kusiya Russia.

Mu chaka chomwecho, Nicholas monga wantchito oyembekezera ndi membala wa RCP (B) amalandira malangizo kuphunzira mu Moscow, kumene umakhala zaka zinayi zotsatira monga wophunzira pa sukulu ya Chilamulo, analengedwa pa maziko a University Moscow. nthawi ili yonse maphunziro m'kalasi, iye Chili ndi ntchito zothandiza yazamalamulo, ndi pa akamaliza kuphunzira amatamanda wantchito GPU kasamalidwe zachuma, lotsogoledwa ndi msuweni wake Zinoviy Katznelson.

Service nzeru yachilendo

Ntchito Scout Lva Lazarevicha inayamba mu 1926, ndi gulu boma la dipatimenti yachilendo wa OGPU. Kulunjika ntchito m'tsogolo anakakamizika iye kuti akhalebe ndi moyo pansi dzina kapadera. Kuyambira tsopano, kuima zikalata: Orlov dzina lake Aleksandr Mikhailovich. dzina wakale woyamba ndi wotsiriza anali kokha mu chinsinsi mumafooda HR.

Kukhala ophunzitsidwa ndi mwangwiro kukhala zilankhulo zambiri yachilendo, izo amagwiranso ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'mayiko ambiri ku ulaya ndi America. Kwenikweni, anatsogolera Eagles ntchito mwachindunji ndi Kimom Filbi - msilikali mkulu wa nzeru British anatengedwa ndi mabungwe Soviet nzeru. Chifukwa Orlov lonse zopezera wothandizila analengedwa momuzungulira, ntchito pa Soviet Union. Izi anali wotchuka "Cambridge gulu", omwe analowa mbiri ya dziko la nzeru.

golide Spanish

Mu 1936 chiphwanya ndi Spanish Civil nkhondo, ndi Orlov dzina lake Aleksandr Mihaylovich anatumizidwa kuthandiza boma Republican ngati katswiri wa chitetezo ndi counterintelligence. Apa, ndi sachita anali kwakukuru okonzeka ndipo anagwira ntchito kwa kulanda dziko la Soviet Union, mbali yaikulu ya golide malo a Spain, chifukwa chimene kunapezeka kuti matani 510 a chitsulo chabwinocho chimawapangitsa pafupifupi 73% ya zonse wogwidwa Spanish State Bank mu Moscow safes. Anatumikira monga iye ndi ntchito zina zambiri kuti anapatsa NKVD.

zovuta

Mu 1936, Stalin amapereka kutsogolera ndondomeko zimene zinachititsa kuti imodzi mwa nthawi mdima wambiri ya mbiriyakale Soviet ndipo amadziwika monga Wamkulu mantha. Dziko zaka, ndi funde la repressions misa anavutika ndi ambiri anayamba zosatheka anthu osalakwa. Iwo mtima pa utsogoleri wa ndale ndi pa nkhondo. oyambitsa ambiri ndi anamenyela wa Cheka anachotsedwa posts awo, ndipo kenako anamangidwa ndi kunyongedwa pa milandu zikuoneka yabodza. Ena mwa iwo anali ambiri, amene anayamba ntchito yake Orlov.

Alexander ankadziwa kuti m'kupita kwanthawi akuyembekezera tsoka chimodzimodzi. Limbitsani chikhulupiriro mu ichi ndipo ambiri ndemanga mu Moscow wa oimira ntchito kunja. Iwo anapatsidwa lamulo kwa inu malonda, ndipo anamangidwa pamodzi ndi mabanja awo pa limbikitsa la ndegeyo. Mu February 1938, Orlov potsiriza anatsimikiza kusiya boma, boma limene iye ankaona chigawenga ndipo angabweretse pangozi kuti iye ndi banja lake.

anakakamizika kuthawa

Panthawi imeneyi, m'mikhalidwe mwachinsinsi kwambiri iye atamwalira mwadzidzidzi mwamsanga kuposa Orlov, mutu wa dipatimenti yachilendo ya NKVD, Abramu Slutsky, ndipo malo ake anaikidwa S. M. Shpigelglas. February 17, Alexander adauzidwa naye pa bolodi Soviet "Svir" Sitima anafika ku Antwerp. Komabe, iye anali ndi zifukwa zokwanira kukhulupirira kuti, mpaka makwerero, iye adzakodwa.

Pamsonkhano wina ndi bwana wake watsopano, iye sanali kuoneka. M'malo mwake, mkazi wake ndi mwana wamkazi, ndi pamodzi ndi makumi asanu madola zikwi ku Fund Corporate, Orlov dzina lake Aleksandr Mihaylovich mwachinsinsi anapita ku France, ndipo kenako anasamukira kudzera Canada ku United States. Mu Soviet Union anali ndi achibale. Kuwateteza ku chokana zotheka kupulumuka, Eagles anatumiza kalata kwa NKVD. Mu izo, anachenjeza kuti ngati anakhudza anthu kumuyandikira, adzakupatsani mautumiki akunja zokhudza azondi Soviet ntchito m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

Yankho wa boma

Vuto limeneli Orlov anakwanitsa m'chitetezo nyumba zawo, zomwe kwenikweni simunandikhudze pofuna kupewa kulephera kwa wolonjezedwa, koma ambiri atsogoleri nzeru zowawa kuchokera kupulumuka. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali Yakobo Serebryansky, amene anali mkulu wa wapadera ntchito mphamvu ndi akutsogolera ntchito ya anthu sikisitini mu madera osiyanasiyana kumadzulo. Iye anamangidwa pamodzi ndi mkazi wake ndi khotilo kuti aphedwe. Zifukwa bwinobwino chigamulochi sanapatsidwe mu aphedwe, ndipo banjali linali kachiwiri pa ufulu, koma n'zokayikitsa kuti anapirira.

Zida lofalitsidwa Orlov

Kukhala America pansi pa dzina la Igor Konstantinovich Berg, Orlov m'magazini yotchedwa "Moyo" nkhani, kale tatchulazi. Mu iwo, anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane upandu ulamuliro wa chikominisi, mboni ndi mnzangayo amakakamizidwa zomwe zinali mu nthawi ya utumiki mu NKVD. A malo aakulu mu bukuli chinaperekedwa ndi udindo wa Stalin mu zoipa, zonyansa Soviet Union.

Kenako zinthuzi zinalembedwa m'buku lofalitsidwa ku New York mu 1953 ndipo linamasuliridwa m'zinenero zambiri. Ali m'bukuli akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ofufuza ambiri pamaso kufalitsidwa mu Russia mu 1991. Mu zaka zao za sikisite oyambirira, linasindikizidwa buku lina Orlov, anaikira bwalo zina ndithu owerenga - mu Iye acemera zinamuchitikira nkhondo zigawenga ndi mabungwe utumiki potsimikizira-nzeru.

pempho belated

Ngakhale mu America, Orlov anali ndi chifukwa choopera chilango wa Moscow akuluakulu Pamlingo kuposa defectors ena Soviet, chifukwa anali kudziŵa zambiri zinsinsi za mautumiki awo chinsinsi. Moyo zaka pansi dzina amaganizira, ndi mosamala kubisa adiresi ake, kazitape kale anakhalabe kuwerengedwa kwa NKVD ndipo kenako KGB.

Only m'ma zaka zao za sikisite, nthumwi Soviet Mikhail Feaktistovu kupeza kumene iye anali. Komabe, zasinthadi ndi mfundo zilipo Orlov, wataya kufunika kwake, Moyo wake ndi kale alibe pachiswe. Ndiye Feaktistov Orlov anapita banja ndi kudzipereka pempho la Soviet boma kubwerera kunyumba. Iwo amayenda ufulu, Alexander Ivanovich ndi kubwerera ku Mulingo nkhondo ndi chuma izo mphoto onse.

Orlov anakana. Iwo anali kale pansi makumi asanu ndi awiri, kachiwiri kuyamba moyo mu dziko limene iwo kukhala osadziwa zaka, okalamba sindikufuna. Alexander anafunsa kungopereka atsogoleri atsopano a dziko kuti ngakhale mafunso ambiri omwe FBI sanapeze iye mfundo iliyonse za maukonde wothandizira, analengedwa ndi sachita. Orlov ananena kuti sitingakhale adzandipereka iwo amene anadalira ndi mtima wonse, natumikira lingaliro lomwelo, kumene kamodzi chidwi.

Pambuyo pa imfa yake pa March 25, 1977, pakalibe olowa, woweruza boma anauzidwa kuti asindikize ndi Archive zikalata zonse za wakufayo, kuphatikizapo pamanja wa Maulendo a. Iwo anali kumeneko mpaka 1999, ndipo patapita kuti akhoza kukhala pagulu.