DNA decoding

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) - ndi mtundu wa moyo kujambula malamulo ovuta, momwe deta adalowa mfundo cholowa. Izi macromolecule zovuta amatha kusunga ndi kupereka cholowa mudziwe majini ku mibadwomibadwo.

DNA imalongosola katundu ngati a chamoyo chilichonse moyo monga cholowa ndi masiyanidwe. Mfundo chokhudza izo zikuika pulogalamu yonse ya chitukuko cha aliyense chamoyo moyo. Majini zinthu chibadidwe kudziwa njira yonse ya moyo wa munthu. The phukusi la madokotala kapena zotsatira zachilengedwe za chilengedwe akhoza marginally yekha bwanji choopsa chachikulu zina makhalidwe majini kapena kusokoneza chitukuko cha njira chisanadze analinganiza.

DNA decoding malamulo omwe ali ndi sayansi komanso zothandiza mtengo, imathandiza madokotala kuchita kupewa matenda amenewa omwe munthuyo predisposed akangobadwa. Kudziwa za mbali ya matupi athu dongosolo wodwalayo, dokotala amatha kulosera ayankhe thupi zotsatira za chilengedwe, kulosera matenda zotsatira ndi efficacy wa mankhwala enieni, etc.

Mamolekyulu wa asidi mkati amaphatikiza dongosolo makamaka kulamulira njira zonse za kaphatikizidwe mapulotini michere kulamulira kuwombola mphamvu ndi zinthu mu thupi la munthu. Kapangidwe ka mapuloteni ndi ntchito zawo ofunitsitsa ndi zidulo kwa amino imene iwo analemba. Yofunika kwambiri ndi ankaimba ndi dongosolo la zidulo izi kwa amino mu mapuloteni molekyulu.

Ngati tikulingalira zigawo zozama za DNA, kapangidwe kake anatsimikiza amitundu inayi nucleotides: thymidylic (T), adenine (A), guanine (G) ndi cytidylic (C). Obweretsa macromolecule TACHIMATA khromozomu kufika kutalika 1 mita. wochindikala Choncho wofanana nanometer chimodzi chokha (biliyoni imodzi mita).

DNA ndiyo njira monga khalidwe kulowa nyukiliotayidi mindandanda mu unyolo. Mwachitsanzo, zingakhale za mawonekedwe: AGTCATGCCAG.

DNA wakhala phunziro la asayansi kafukufuku kwa zaka zambiri. chakuti chibadwa ndi magawo osiyana mamolekyulu deoxyribonucleic asidi mu m'zaka za m'ma 20. Pa nthawi yomweyo, asayansi anazindikira kuti mbali imeneyi ya mamolekyulu udindo kapangidwe ka mapuloteni.

Pamenepa anazindikiritsidwa ubale pakati pa kapangidwe mankhwala a zigawo za mamolekyulu DNA ndi zedi okha. Akamanena za kudalira izi kuti dongosolo la dongosolo la DNA mu mapuloteni limafanana ndi dongosolo la mayunitsi structural ya DNA (nucleotides) mu mbewu ya.

chotulukira anali woukira boma mu mawu a kumvetsa akamanena za DNA chimapangitsa. Chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti malamulo majini walola asayansi kukhala pafupi ndi zinsinsi zazikulu za nkhani chibadwa.

Ndondomekozi chibadwa cha munthu olembedwa monga nyukiliotayidi ndondomeko achindunji waukulu mudziwe chonyamulira - DNA. Chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti kapangidwe ka macromolecules mu 1953 anakhala wosaiwalika lalikulu m'mbiri ya tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso. Chopereka ake izi Dzh.Uotson anapeza, F.Krik M.Uilkins ndipo anapatsidwa ndi Nobel.

DNA decoding kumafuna nthawi. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mu kam'bulu kamodzi ka deoxyribonucleic acid lili ndi kuchuluka yaikulu deta zovuta encrypted code. Phata la khungu limodzi ungasunge ndi kuchuluka kwa mfundo zimene angagwire masamba miliyoni wa insaiklopidia sayansi.

Choyamba kuwerenga matupi a anthu mu otchedwa asilikali a analephera 2001, ngakhale kwathunthu pa akamaliza ntchito anatenga zaka ziwiri zina. Kwa polojekiti anathera madola 300 miliyoni, izo panafika mabungwe sayansi.

Matupi wathunthu wa kujambula linapangidwa mu 2007. Bajeti ntchito ali anakwana $ 1 miliyoni.

Lero, ndondomeko amatchedwa "DNA-decoding ya DNA anthu," zikuchitika pa mbewu imodzi, ndi mtengo chake utachepa ndi cholembedwa cha mbiri m'mbuyomo. Ndi wofanana ndi madola zikwi 50.