Distemper mu Russia m'zaka za m'ma 17: zimayambitsa, masiteji, zotsatira

The Mavuto chiyambi cha m'ma XVII, ndi preconditions, njira zomwe akambirana nthawi ina - nthawi zakale, limodzi ndi masoka achilengedwe, mavuto kwambiri komanso umoyo ndi zachuma anthu ndale. The vuto mu dziko anali kukula ndi Polish-Swedish alowererepo.

Mavuto a m'zaka 17 ku Russia: Zoyambitsa

Akayambana akhala chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo. The mavuto zinachitika koyamba, molingana ndi azambiriyakale, chifukwa cha kuchotsa pa Rurik mafumu ndi kulimbana kwa mphamvu mfumu ndi boyars. Last ankayesetsa kuteteza ndi kulimbikitsa andale ndi kuwongola maudindo chikhalidwe. Ufumu M'malo mwake, anayesetsa kuchepetsa mphamvu zimenezi. Boyars, kuwonjezera, kunyalanyaza umafuna Zemstvo. Udindo wa kalasi izi ayesedwa ndi ofufuza ambiri zoipa. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amanena kuti zonena za Ankhondo inasanduka kulimbana mwachindunji ndi boma tsarist. intrigue awo ndi kungasokoneze kwambiri pa udindo wa mwayekha lapansi. Izo ndi zomwe analenga nthaka yachonde pa panali chisokonezo mu Russia. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XVII anali yodziwika chabe ku mfundo chuma view. Vuto mu dziko kunali kovuta kwambiri. Kenako mavuto onsewa agwirizana mavuto andale ndi chikhalidwe.

Kupeza ndalama

Distemper mu Russia kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 17 chinachitikira ndi ntchito imene anagonjetsa Grozny ndi Livonia nkhondo. zonsezi adamfunsa ndi mphamvu lapansi pamavuto aakulu. An kungasokoneze kwambiri pa mmene chuma chikuyendera wa owonongedwa mu Veliky Novgorod, ndi kusamutsidwa amakakamizidwa kutumikira anthu. Choncho ndinayamba akamayamba Mavuto mu Russia. Chiyambi cha m'ma 17 anali njala ambiri. Mu 1601-1603 imawonongeka zikwi minda ang'ono ndi lalikulu.

kumangika chikhalidwe

Distemper mu Russia m'zaka za m'ma 17 anali ankakolezera kukana alipo ambirimbiri kuti osauka amathawathawa, losauka m'tauni, apolisi Cossacks ndi mfulu kudzanso Cossack, ambiri servicemen. Chosavuta oprichnina, malinga ndi ofufuza ena, kwambiri kuchichepetsa ulemu ndi chikhulupililo cha anthu malamulo ndi ulamuliro.

Mwambo woyamba

Monga Smoot chinayamba mu Russia? Chiyambi cha m'ma 17 Mwachidule, ali chinachitikira pamodzi rearrangement wa mphamvu mu mabwalo olamulira. Lowopsya woyamba wolowa Fedor alibe luso zofunika kasamalidwe. Mwana wamng'ono, Dmitri, analipo pa nthawi imeneyo akadali khanda. Atamwalira wolowa a Rurik mafumu ikayandikira. Zopangira anapita boyar mabanja - Godunovs ndi Yuriev. Mu 1598-mamita adatenga mpando wa Boris Godunov. Zapakati pa 1601 ndi 1603. Iwo anali wosabereka. Yozizira sanaleke m'chilimwe ndi autumn, mu September, izo chisano. Njala kudzifutukula ankanena za theka miliyoni. anthu wotopa anapita ku Moscow, kumene iwo anaperekedwa mkate ndi ndalama. Koma zonsezi yekha kulimbikitsa mavuto a zachuma. The landlords sanathe kudyetsa atumiki ndiponso akapolo mbaathamangisamo. Opanda chakudya, pogona, anthu anachita chinkhoswe mu looting ndi kuba.

Lzhedmitry loyamba

Distemper mu Russia m'zaka za m'ma 17 chinachitikira ndi kufala kwa mphekesera kuti Tsarevich wotchedwa Dmitry moyo. Iwo anatsatira Boris Godunov anali pa mpando wachifumu mozemba. Wonamizira Dmitrii analengeza chiyambi cha moyo wake Adam Wiśniowiecki, Chilituyaniya kalonga. Pambuyo pake, anakumana ndi Ezhi Mnishekom, Polish magnate ndi Ragon, nthumwi yaikulu ya papa. Kumayambiriro a 1604 Lzhedmitry 1 analandira mwa omvera ndi Mfumu ya Poland. Panthawi ina wonyenga Chikatolika. ufulu Falsdmitry akhala anazindikira Mfumu Sigismund. Mfumu analola kuti aliyense kupereka thandizo ku Russian Tsar.

Khomo Moscow

Onyenga wotchedwa Dmitry analowa mumzindawo mu 1605, m'chaka cha 20 cha June. Boyars, kutsogozedwa ndi Belsky anavomereza poyera Prince wake wa Moscow ndi wolowa woyenera. Mu ulamuliro wake, Zonama wotchedwa Dmitry ankatsogoleredwa ndi Poland ndipo anayesetsa kugwira ena kusintha. Komabe, si anthu olemekezeka onse kuzindikira zoti ufumu wake. Nthawi yomweyo pambuyo kubwera kwa wotchedwa Dmitry zonyenga Shuya anayamba kufalitsa mphekesera zokhudza kutengera wake. Mu 1606, pakati May, chitsutso cha boyars anatenga ntchito zisudzo a anthu polimbana ndi adventurers Polish, amene anabwera Moscow ukwati Falsdmitry, anagalukira. Pa wonyenga wake anaphedwa. Kodi kudza kwa ulamuliro wa Shuya, woimira Suzdal nthambi ya Rurik, bata mu boma osati anabweretsa. Kum'mwera kusweka kupanduka Bolotnikov, amene anapereka gululi "akuba." Events 1606-1607 biennium. limafotokoza RG Skrynnikov. "Russia m'zaka za m'ma 17 Smoot." - buku limene analenga pamaziko a wambirimbiri zinthu zopelekedwa.

Onyenga wotchedwa Dmitry II

Komabe, dziko likadali mphekesera za kupulumutsidwa mozizwitsa kalonga yovomerezeka. Mu 1607, m'chilimwe, Starodub, wonamizira latsopano. Distemper mu Russia m'zaka za m'ma 17 anapitiriza. Pakutha 1608 Lzhedmitry 2 wapanga kufalikira kwa kukopa kwake mu Yaroslavl, Pereslavl-Zaleski, Vologda, Galich, Uglich, Kostroma, Vladimir. Wonamizira anakakhala ku mudzi wa Tushino. Ife wokhulupirika ku likulu Kazan, Novgorod, Smolensk, Kolomna, Novgorod, Pereslavl-Ryazan.

Semiboyarshina

Chimodzi mwa zochitika kiyi kuti chinali Mavuto mu Russia m'zaka za m'ma 17, anayamba kusintha. Shuya anali mu mphamvu kunachotsedwa. Kasamalidwe gulu la dziko anaima boyars asanu - Semiboyarshina. Monga Russian Tsar , iwo anazindikira Vsevolod, ndi Polish Prince. Chiwerengero cha mizinda yambiri analumbira Falsdmitry 2. Ena mwa iwo anali anthu amene anali posachedwapa anatsutsa wonamizira. The owononga wa Zonama wotchedwa Dmitry II anakakamizika bungwe kulola boyars mu Moscow asilikali Chipolishi Chilituyaniya. Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti iwo akhoza napasula wonyengezera. Komabe, Zonama wotchedwa Dmitry anali anachenjeza za mwamsanga anasiya msasa.

ankhondo

Distemper mu Russia m'zaka za m'ma 17 anapitiriza. Iwo anayamba dziko kumasulidwa kuyenda. Linapangitsa mapangidwe militias. Lamulo loyamba la fuko lomveka wa Lyapunov Ryazan. Iye mothandizidwa ndi mbali ya Zonama wotchedwa Dmitry II. Ena mwa iwo anali akalonga Shakhovskoy, Troubetzkoy, Masalskaya, Cherkassy ndi ena. Kumbali ya militias ndi linalinso Cossack mfulu kudzanso, amene mutu anali Ataman Zarutsky. Kayendedwe wachiwiri umayambira motsogozedwa Kuzma Minin. Anaitanidwa monga mtsogoleri Pozharsky. Mu 1612, m'chaka, pafupi Moscow adzakhala asilikali woyamba analumbira kuti adzakhala okhulupirika kwa Zonama wotchedwa Dmitry lachitatu. Asilikali a Minin ndi Pozharsky sanathe kulankhula likulu, pamene mbali ina ankalamulira kumeneko wonyengezera. Pa nkhani imeneyi, iwo anapanga msasa wawo Yaroslavl. Chakumapeto August, asilikali anabwera kwa Moscow. Pa nkhani nkhondo atamasulidwa boma la Russia, ndi Polish asilikali agwilitse izo capitulated. Patapita nthawi, mfumu yatsopano anasankhidwa. Iwo anakhala Mikhail Fedorovich.

zotsatira

Yerekezerani Mavuto mu Russia m'zaka za m'ma 17 pakuti mphamvu zake zowononga ndi kuya mavuto mu dziko, mungathe mwina yekha ndi boma la dziko mu nthawi ya nkhondo Mongol. Izi nthawi yoopsa kwambiri ku moyo wa boma inatha mu zomvetsa yaikulu dera lawo, kuchepa zachuma. Mavuto Great kuyambira zaka za m'ma 17, ali unapha anthu ambiri. Linanyeka mizinda yambiri, m'mayiko olimapo ndi m'midzi. Anthu akadali ndithu nthawi yaitali kuti achire kuchepetsa m'mbuyomu. Mizinda ambiri zapita m'manja mwa adani, ndipo anakhalabe manja awo angapo zaka zambiri. Kuchepetsa dera dziko nalo.