Asafe Molar misa

Asafe chikukhudza 15 gulu (wakale gulu - kwa subgroup chachikulu cha gulu wachisanu) wa 2 nthawi 7 chiwerengero atomiki mu nthawi ndi nthawi ka Zochitika, ndi ikusonyezedwa ndi asafe N. Molar misa ndi 14 makilogalamu / mol.

Asafe monga chinthu chophweka ndi m'mikhalidwe wabwino dihydric inert mpweya alibe palibe mtundu, palibe kulawa, palibe fungo. gasi tichipeza mwina m'mlengalenga. Kulemera maselo a asafe ndi wofanana 28. Mawu akuti "asafe" m'Chigiriki amatanthauza "lopanda moyo".

Mu chikhalidwe, mamolekyulu mpweya ndi lopangidwa isotopes khola, imene misa molar wa asafe ndi 14kg / mol (99.635%) ndi 15 makilogalamu / mol (0.365%). Kunja m'mlengalenga ameneyu amapezeka mu zikuchokera nebulae gaseous, mu mlengalenga dzuwa, interstellar danga pa mapulaneti Neptune, Uranus, ndi zina zotero. Ndi wachinayi mu dongosolo la zowalitsa kufalitsa pambuyo zinthu monga wa hydrogen, helium, oxygen. Chongopeka opangidwa isotopes nyukiliya, imene molar Unyinji wa asafe ndi - 10 makilogalamu / mol mpaka 13kg / mol, ndi kwa 16 makilogalamu / mol 25 makilogalamu / mol. Iwo onse a zinthu nthaŵi yochepa. Khola ambiri isotopes imene misa molar wa asafe ndi 13kg / mol, ali mphindi khumi theka moyo.

Udindo kwachilengedwenso mpweya uwu ndi waukulu, chifukwa ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu imene zidulo mkati akuwonjezeka, mapuloteni, nucleoproteins, wotchedwa chlorophyll, hemoglobin, ndi zinthu zina zofunika. Onse khola isotope wa asafe, ndi misa molar ndi 14kg / mol ndi 15 makilogalamu / Mole nawo kagayidwe asafe. Pachifukwa ichi, kwakukulu kuchuluka kwa asafe atathana muli zamoyo, "akufa" organic ndi particulate nkhani ya nyanja ndi nyanja. Ndi zina, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka ndi inali kuwola njira ya organic asafe munali, asafe munali madipoziti organic anapanga monga, mwachitsanzo, nitrate.

Asafe mumlengalenga ndi anatha kum'manga ndi kutembenukira mu mawonekedwe zidyeke Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala ammonium, m'ma 160 mitundu ya tizilombo, makamaka operekedwa ubwenzi symbiotic ndi zomera apamwamba, powapatsa asafe feteleza, ndi zina pamodzi ndi unyolo chakudya amapatsidwa herbivores ndi carnivores.

M'mikhalidwe choyezera, asafe analandira mwa kuchita ammonium nitrite kuwonongeka. Chifukwa ndi chisakanizo cha mafuta ammonia, mpweya ndi okusayidi asafe (I). kuyeretsedwa kwake opangidwa ndi kudutsa osakaniza chifukwa kudzera koyamba sulfuric asidi njira, ndiye chitsulo sulphate (II), ndiyeno cha mkuwa otentha. njira kupeza mu zasayansi tichipeza kudutsa pa okusayidi mkuwa (II) amoniya, pa kutentha madigiri 700 Celsius.

Mu lonse mafakitale asafe akamagwira kudutsa mpweya pa coke otentha, koma palibe mankhwala koyera anapanga, ndipo osakaniza, koma ndi mpweya wolemekezeka ndi carbon dioxide, otchedwa "mpweya" kapena "regenerative" mpweya. Ndi zopangira kwa mankhwala kaphatikizidwe ndi mafuta. Komanso, kuchokera "jenereta" asafe mafuta akhoza anachira, chifukwa mayamwidwe imeneyi imachitika mpweya monoxide. Yachiwiri njira yopangira asafe makampani - fractional distillation wa mpweya madzi.

Palinso njira monga gasi kulekana Kakhungu ndi kumamatira. Phwando asafe atomiki, ndi zambiri yogwira kuposa maselo wokhoza, mwachitsanzo, kuchita m'mikhalidwe wabwinobwino ndi phosphorous, sulfure, Arsenic, zitsulo. Asafe mankhwala ankagwiritsa ntchito makampani akuchita feteleza, mabomba, mankhwala, nsalu ndi zina zotero. Makampani petrochemical iwo anayeretsedwa mizere, onani ntchito zawo opanikizika. Mu zovuta migodi ndi thandizo ake kulenga mu wanga chilengedwe kuphulika-umboni, akuphulikira iwo kugwedezeka formations. Mu zamagetsi iwo zokula yadera imene yosagwira pang'ono makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi mpweya zili mu mlengalenga.