Chidule cha "Iliad" wa Homer: luso kutanthauzira kwa Trojan Nkhondo

Chidule cha "Iliad" ndi Homer - ndi nkhani ya munthu mwa zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri pa wotchuka Trojan nkhondo. Nkhani limafotokoza mkwiyo wa Achilles ndipo zotsatira zake aakulu.

Kukangana pakati Achilles ndi Agamemnon

Kwa zaka zisanu ndi zinayi zapitazo kuchokera nthawi imene asilikali Greek anayamba kuzinga Troy. Anaukira madera oyandikana, Agiriki analanda Chryseis - mtsikanayo ndi mwana wa wansembe mu kachisi wa Apollo. Chryseis amakhala mdzakazi wa Agamemnon - mkulu wa asilikali Greek. Kumene, Apollo, mwambo umenewu ndi aukali kwambiri. Umulungu atumiza asilikali a mliri. Achilles, ndi bravest la Ahelene, Agamemnon limalimbikitsa pa msonkhano onse a asilikali kubwerera Chryseis bambo ake. Komabe, m'malo mwa-akulu kumafuna Achilles anamupatsa ndende wake - Mtsikana wina dzina lake Briseis. Achilles amaona akhumudwa ndipo akusankha kukumanizana Agamemnon ndi lupanga. Komabe, mulungu wamkazi Athena, amene ankafuna chigonjetso Greek kunkhondo, amam'pangitsa ku zochita totupa. Chifukwa, Achilles okha ndi chakuti mkulu adzaitana kudzikonda ndi akudyerera wamantha, ndipo ananena kuti nawo ntchito ya usilikali lero.

Achilles wasankha tathema kubwezera Ahelene

Komanso, mu chidule cha "Iliad" wa Homer anazimitsa Nestor - wamkulu ndi wanzeru Greek mfumu. Komabe, zoyesayesa wake kugwirizanitsa nayenso kukangana ku kulephera. Akazembe ndi wachisomo mtsogoleri Odysseus athamangisa Chryseis bambo ake, Agamemnon Briseis afika. Achilles limanenanso mayi ake nyanja wamkazi Thetis, ndipo anamufunsa kuti zimenezi zikathandiza Zeus wapamwamba kuti mupereke Trojans apambane. Malinga ndi msilikali, zimenezi zithandiza Agiriki kudziwa m'mene iwo opanda pake popanda izo. Ngakhale mfundo za Hera, Agiriki wabwino, Zeus akuvomereza. Iye ndi mkulu amatumiza maloto zachilendo, kenako Agamemnon amasonkhanitsa bungwe la akulu, amene akufunsa ngati Agiriki akufuna kubwerera kunyumba. Ankhondo tengani maganizo, wotumidwa zombo zawo. Komabe, iwo, ndi Kutengera a Athena, Odysseus mabasi. Iye akuti kulankhula moto. Wanzeru Nestor amapereka malangizo ake kwa asilikali. Atamvetsera mawu ake, Agiriki kupanga nsembe, ndi kukonzekera nkhondo. Kodi nawo Achilles yekha ndi anzake.

nkhondo akupitiriza

Ife sitikhala kukhala mbali ya chidule cha "Iliad" wa Homer nkhani ya magulu omwe poyera limati kumenyana. Trojan asilikali kutsogoleredwa ndi Hector - mwana wa Priam mfumu. M'bale Hector - Paris, chinali chiyambi cha nkhondo (iye ndiye anaba Helen - mkazi wokongola wa wovutika mfumu Menelaus), amapereka Menelaus nkhondo chimodzi pa. Wopambana anali potsiriza kugwira Elena ndipo malizitsani nkhondo yaitali. Woyamba zikoti zochepa analola Menelaus kumva ubwenzi wa chigonjetso. Komabe, pano kachiwiri chifukwa cha mphamvu la Mulungu adzalowerera: Aphrodite, amene patronizes Paris, kupulumutsa Pet. Athena amakankhira adani Trojans kuonetsetsa kuti ali woyamba kuswa osayanjanitsika anamaliza pamaso pa nkhondoyi.

Kenako motere kufotokoza zingapo nkhondo chifukwa cha zomwe zimaposa ali kumbali ya Trojans. Poona kuti zinthu zoipa, Agamemnon atumiza akazembe kuti Achilles. Zokopa mu-Chief wa wankhondo wolimba kubwerera Briseis ndi kumudalitsa ndi mphatso zochuluka, ngati Iye akubwerera ku ntchito. Komabe, Achilles Yankho Agamemnon anakana.

mphamvu kugunda zikupitirirabe. Trojans pomenyana msasa Greek, Hector zikuwoneka yosalephera. Poopa kuti Troy kodi apambane nkhondo, Hera kubvala, kukongoletsa ndi obisika ndi Zeu, mwamuna wake, pa phiri Ida zitisokoneze maganizo ake ku nkhondo. Kupeza mkazi zidule, mulungu wamkulu ndi okwiya ndi kachiwiri kuthandiza Trojans. Agiriki akuthawa mantha. Patroclus, Achilles zabwino bwenzi, akumvetsa nawo, wavala zida amapita ku nkhondowo, koma Goliyati - Hector - ndi wamphamvu kwambiri komanso wakupha Patroclus.

Kubwezera bwenzi anapha

Kenako, chidule cha "Iliad" wa Homer umabwerera kwa Achilles. Wankhondo walumbirira ndibwezera anaphedwa wina. Thetis akufunsa Hephaestus mulungu wa blacksmiths akupeka zida mwana wake. Onyamula zida zatsopano, Achilles iri yofulumira kunkhondo ndi kuwononga ambiri Trojans. Pambuyo kuwina wankhondo mulungu Scamander Mtsinje, ndipo patapita kuzunzidwa, akukumana ndi Hector. Ndi thandizo la Athens Achilles amalowerera mwankhanza kuthana ndi mdani, amene iye ndiye amamangirira miyendo yake galimoto yake ndipo akutenga mumsasa Greek. Hector Banja kuwawa anadandaula izo.

Otsatirawa akufotokoza maliro lamphamvu limene Patroclus Achilles kukhuta - chochitika amasamalirira chachikulu Homer. "Iliad", mwachidule zimene mukuwerenga tsopano akupitiriza monga thupi ngwazi za Watenthedwa, ndipo phulusa anawaika urn wa golide. The zotsatira za tsiku kukhala masewero othamanga mu kukumbukira wa womwalirayo.

Tsoka la Hector

Osati kwathunthu pambuyo pa imfa, Achilles amapita kuzungulira tsiku lotsatira maliro a Patroclus phiri, ndipo iyo imachita galeta amene amangidwa thupi la Hector. Apollo akufunsa milungu kusiya kunyoza Mulungu. Gera chokana Komabe, Zeus amapereka mutu chakuti Priam anagula mtembo wa mwana wake. Thetis mlandu kufunsa Achilles chilolezo. Ndipo Priam wa Zeu imatiuza Mtumiki Iris. Hecuba amayesetsa kunyengerera Priam. Koma aliyense amene akufuna kugula thupi mwana wake umapita mu chihema Achilles ndi mphatso wolemera. Pa nthawi imeneyi Homer limafotokoza lapamwamba chisoni powonekera. N'chisoni Achilles akuvomera Priam. Iye saiwala za tsogolo la bambo ake, omwe sadathe kukatsanzikana, ndi kubwerera ku mtembo wa mwana wake. Trojans maliro imfa ya Hector, ndipo itha ndakatulo "The Iliad" wa Homer, mwachidule zomwe ife atsogozedwa, mu mawu awa: ". Choncho anamuika m'manda konebornogo thupi Hector a"