Chidule cha "Odyssey" wa Homer. "The Odyssey" - ndi chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za mabuku akale

Chidule cha "Odyssey" wa Homer - nkhani zodabwitsa masana lalitali la mfumu Greek wa Ithaca, Odysseus wolimba, ndi kubwerera mkazi wake wokondedwa Penelope. Ngati "Iliad" Homer tikunena kanthu onse Troy ndi m'madera, mu "Odyssey" powonekera pompopompo. owerenga ikuchitika pamodzi ndi ngwazi za Troy ku Iguputo, ndiye - mu Africa North ndi Peloponnese, ndi ku Ithaca kumadzulo kwa Nyanja Mediterranean.

Moyo wa anthu otchulidwa pambuyo pa adani a Troy

chiwembu akuyamba zaka khumi pambuyo chigonjetso cha Agiriki mu za Trojan nkhondo. Milungu anakwiya sanalole Odysseus ufulu kubwerera kunyumba kwawo. Kwa nthawi yaitali, ngwazi ya amakhala kutali kumadzulo chilumba violet nyanja nymph kalipso. Kwa nthawi yaitali makedzana mtetezi Odyssey Athena amayesetsa kupempha chilolezo kuchokera Zeus kupulumutsa munthu, ndipo potsiriza iye amalowerera izo. Athena mwamtundu wina ndi Ithaca, kumene Penelope ndi mwana wake Telemachus otchedwa kumbali zonse woterowu grooms. Oposa zana anthu kukopa mfumukazi kusankha mmodzi wa iwo kuti mwamuna pa chifukwa chakuti Odysseus ndi akufa. Komabe, Penelope akupitiriza chiyembekezo cha kubweranso kwa mwamuna wake. Athena limanena kuti Telemachus, ndiponso otsimikizira iye kugunda msewu kupeza mfundo iliyonse za tsoka la atate wake. Pasanapite nthawi, Telemachus matanga kwa Pylos (m'mphepete kumadzulo ya Peloponnese), mumzinda wa Nestor.

Yambani akungoyendayenda Telemachus

Nestor Telemachus amapereka mwansangala. Timatha mnyamata kugona mu nyumba yake, ndi madzulo limatiuza zimene mavuto akukumana ndi atsogoleri ena Greek pamene ndimabwerera ku Troy. Ndi kunyezimira woyamba wa dzuwa galeta anatumiza Telemachus kuti Sparta, kumene Menelaus ndi Helen kachiwiri moyo m'chikondi ndi mogwirizana. Popereka chidule cha "Odyssey" wa Homer, ndi ponena kuti iwo phwando zapamwamba polemekeza Telemachus, ndi kuwauza nkhani ya kavalo wotchuka matabwa pomanga omwe analangiza Ahelene Odysseus ofunika. Komabe, kuthandiza mnyamata ndi kusakasaka atate wake, iwo sangathe.

The yaitali kutulutsidwa kwa Odyssey

Pa nthawi yomweyo mu suitors Ithaca Penelope a Telemachus kusankha kukonza ndi abisalire ndi kumupha. Athena akuyamba kachiwiri kulankhula za kumasulidwa kwa Odysseus. Herme, mtumiki wa milungu, pa angayambitse Zeus imatumizidwa Calypso Nyimbo kumupempha kuti iye apite la ngwazi za. Odysseus yomweyo anayamba kumanga raft ndipo kenako anapitiriza kwa Ithaca. Koma mkulu wa nyanja, Poseidon akadali anakwiya chifukwa choti anali ngwazi mosatsata Cyclops Polyphemus, mwana wa Mulungu. Choncho, Poseidon amatumiza Odysseus opanda chifundo mkuntho, raft ngwazi ndi mantha, ndi kokha ndi thandizo la Athena wamaliza kuti afike kumtunda.

Odyssey M'njira kunyumba sikunali kophweka

Kenako, chidule cha "Odyssey" wa Homer limatiuza za zochitika za m'mawa. The ngwazi n'kudzuka kulira kwa mawu atsikana. Iwo Scheria wolemekezeka dzina lake Nausicaa ndi mtumiki wake wokhulupirika. Odysseus akufunsa Nausicaa thandizo, ndipo ndi yabwino kwa ngwazi za - iye amapereka chakudya ndi zovala, ndi mu kufanana nkhani za iyeyo ndi makolo ake achifumu. Nausicaa adzakazi ananenanso kuti akufuna kuona munthu ngati mkazi wake. Mfumukazi amatumiza Odysseus ku likulu, kumene Yesu anamusiya yokha, imakhumbira nyumba zazikulu ndi munda kodabwitsa kwa mfumu Phaeacians. Mu holo mwambo anali kupereka moni kwa Mfumu Alcinous ndi mkazi wake Arete - ali wopambana wa olandiridwa wachisomo kwambiri ndi kumvera pempho lake kumuthandiza kubwerera kwawo.

Tsiku lotsatira ku likulu Phaeacians akufuna lalikulu phwando. Woimba luso Demodocus anafuula nthano angapo wakale wa milungu ndi otchuka. Alcinous imafunanso Odysseus kwa Phaeacians anauza anthu okha ndipo Zopatsa chachitika kwa iye. Lowoneka Akumenya ndingaliro ya nkhani ya Odysseus akupitiriza mu usiku, ndi FEACO osangalala kumumvera. The bwino chikhalidwe anthu mowolowa manja amapereka mlendo, ndipo kenako kupereka ndi chombo mkulu-liwiro ndipo akutumiza Odysseus kunyumba. The ngwazi yekha kumizidwa mu nthawi ino ku tulo. Pamene adadzuka, amaona kuti iye anali mu Ithaca, kumene iye sanali pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri.

Bwererani ku Ithaca ndi kukumana ndi mwana wake

Pa mfundo imeneyi ndi chidule cha "Odyssey" wa Homer akasiya pa Athena. Kuyambira kalekale anthu akhala akuyembekezera ngwazi ndipo pomwepo anachenjeza kuti yachifumu wake pangozi. Wodzitukumula ndi kutopa kuyembekezera grooms ngakhale wokonzeka kupha mfumu, ngati zidzaonekera poyera kunyumba kwake. Choncho Athena Odysseus reincarnate mu wopempha, ndipo iye watumidwa kusakasaka wa Telemachus, zosokera pa kumtunda Greek. Odysseus pa nthawi ino mabasi pa swineherd dzina lake Evmey. Kuti sanali anavomereza mbuye wake, koma anakwanitsa iye mokoma mtima kwambiri ndiponso ochezeka. Telemachus akubwerera ndi Athena kumathandiza mnyamata kupeza bambo ake.

Kodi zina limatiuza Homer? "Odyssey", nkhani zimene timaphunzira, akupitiriza. Pambuyo msonkhano wosangalala bambo ndi mwana, awiriwo ndinayamba kukhala ndi ndondomeko kuwononga suitors a Penelope. Telemachus upita cha m'nyumba yachifumu, ndipo Odysseus, popanda kusintha mawonekedwe pa pano, imatumizidwa pang'ono. Ena grooms ndi atumiki maltreated iwo, ndipo wopemphapempha akatswiri Il ngakhale amachititsa Odyssey nkhondo. Odysseus amalowerera kulankhula Penelope nachiyika kwa zopeka wake osocheretsa. Komabe kuononga Evrikleyu, namwino wakale, sakhoza: mwana amazindikira mkazi chilonda zakale mwendo wake. Odysseus akunyengerera Evrikleyu kusunga chinsinsi cha Khristuyo adzabwerenso. Penelope chomwecho, konse kungoganizira za amene waima kutsogolo kwake, malinga ndi Odyssey za maloto chachirendo kuti analota usiku watha, ndi cholinga chake bungwe mpikisano suitors ndi zotsatirazi: zomwe izo kudziwa a iwo adzakhala mkazi wake.

Kubwezera kwa Odyssey ndi ulamuliro wa mtendere

Pomaliza, tsiku la mpikisano. mwamuna Penelope chizikhala amene angathe kukhotetsa uta Odysseus, kukoka zingwe ndiye kuponyamo muvi kuti iye anawulukira mumphete dazeni - mabowo kwa chogwirira mu nkhwangwa pachionetsero mu mzere. suitors ambiri amene anakumana ndi chododometsa, ndi wopemphayo (kubisala pansi pa amati amene Odysseus) amalowerera kuchita izo. Iye chitaya kuchokera chiguduli amakhala ndi Telemachus pakhomo ku nyumba ndi atumiki awiri odzipereka mwana ndi bambo n'kumupha suitors onse. Penelope Odysseus limakonza cheke choyamba kuonetsetsa kuti kutsogolo kwake kwenikweni mwamuna wake ndipo kenako mosangalala amatenga mwamuna wake pambuyo kulekana yaitali.

Iwo likuyandikira mapeto a nkhani, amene amanenedwa mu ndakatuloyi Homer wake. "The Odyssey", mwachidule kwambiri lopatsidwa m'nkhani ino umatha ndi ngwazi amapita ku kuona Laertes - bambo ake okalamba. Pofuna iwo kubwezera achibale suitors. Pamodzi ndi ochepa mtumiki, bambo ndi mwana, Odysseus amalowerera amawateteza kuukira awo. Ndiyeno Athena amathandizira ndi chilolezo Zeus ndi kuthandiza ankakhulupirira kukhazikitsa mtendere ndi chitukuko mu Ithaca lalikulu.