Makolo Esenina. Malo aakulu Russian ndakatulo

Pamaso ife tikupeza amene anali makolo Esenina, tiyenera kuvomereza kuti nkhani yonse adakali kenako kuchepetsedwa kwa moyo ndi ntchito ya ndakatulo iyi. Ndipo za iyo Mungathe kulemba umasinthasintha, chifukwa mafani nthawi zonse chidwi anthu amene potengera mapangidwe makhalidwe ake, ndi malo omwe Iye anakula wapadera Russian nugget mu ukulu pafupi Pushkin ndi Lermontov, njira ya chikondi limene limakula ndi tsiku .

adzabadwira

Birthday Esenina zinachitika mu ngodya kwabasi la Russia October 3, 1895. Izi zazikulu Yesenin m'mphepete lero, tsiku lililonse amatenga ndalama yaikulu alendo. Wolemba ndakatulo tsogolo anabadwa mu Konstantinovo (Ryazan dera), m'mudzi wakale, imafalira momasuka mu nkhalango ndi minda m'mphepete lamanja la Oka. Chikhalidwe cha malo awa mulungu wa kudzoza, osati chifukwa palibe malo inde ndi odzipereka Russian moyo.

Nyumba Yesenin mu Konstantinovo kale kuyambira kukhala owonera zakale. Yaikulu pamphasa meadows ndi otsika wowoneka pafupi mtsinje anakhala chopunthira cha ndakatulo lalikulu ndakatulo a. Rodina anali ndiwo kudzoza wake, Iye nthawizonse crouches, kujambula mphamvu otchemu chikondi Russian kwawo, mzimu Russian ndi anthu ake.

makolo Esenina

bambo Wolemba ndakatulo, Alekizanda Nikitich Yesenin (1873-1931 gg.) Kuyambira ali kuimba wake mu kwaya. Iye anali mlimi, koma yosayenera monga poyera ndi zokhudza wamba kavalo oyang'anira sakanakhoza. Choncho, ndipo ine ndinapita ku ntchito mu Moscow kuti wamalonda Krylov, yemwe anali shopu wopha a. Alexander Yesenin anali dreamy kwambiri. Iye akanakhoza kukhala kwa nthawi yaitali nthawi ndi windo, kawirikawiri anamwetulira, koma iye sakanakhoza kunena zinthu ngati zopusa kuti padziko lonse anagubuduza ndi kuseka.

mayi ndakatulo ndi Tatyana Fedorovna Titova (1873-1955 gg.), nayenso, ku banja wamba. Iye pafupifupi moyo wake wonse ankakhala Konstantinovo. Ryazan dera pafupifupi chidwi chake. Tatiana Feodorovna anapatsa mwana wake Sergei mphamvu ndi kudalira talente, popanda sakadachita asintha kupita ku St. Petersburg.

Esenina makolo Sanasangalale ukwati, koma moyo lonse mayi wake anakhala ndi mtima katundu ndi kumva kupweteka kwambiri mumtima mwanga, ndi kuti panali zifukwa kwambiri.

M'bale Alexander Razgulyaev

Osati aliyense amadziwa, koma pafupi ndi manda a ndakatulo pa Vagankovsky manda pali manda stepbrother Esenina mayi - Alexander Ivanovich Razgulyaevo. Chinthu ndi Tatyana Fedorovna, ali wamng'ono kwambiri, anakwatira Alexander Nikitich Osatinso chifukwa. Makolo Esenina mwanjira sizinayende momasuka. Nthawi yomweyo bambo atakwatirana, anabwerera Moscow, ndi shopu nyama ya wamalonda Krylov, kumene ntchito kale. Tatyana Fedorovna anali mkazi wa khalidwe ndi simukhala ndi mwina mwamuna wake kapena apongozi.

Mwana Sergei watumidwa maphunziro makolo ake, koma iye anachoka mu 1901 kuyang'ana kwa ntchito mu Ryazan ndi kukumana monga izo zinkawoneka ndiye, chikondi chake chachikulu. Koma chinyengo kutha ndipo chikondi uchimo wa mwana, Alexander (1902-1961 gg.).

Tatyana Fedorovna ankafuna kuti apeze chisudzulo, koma mwamuna wake sanapereke. The mnyamata iye anali kupereka namwino EP Razgulyaevo ndi kulemba dzina lake. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, moyo wake unasanduka zoopsa, anadwala, wolakalakidwa mwanayo, nthawi zina kukamuona, koma sanathe kunyamula. SERGEY Esenin anaphunzira za izo mu 1916, koma iwo anakumana okha 1924th mu nyumba ya agogo ake - Fedor Titov.

Alexander Nikitich Yesenin analemba Catherine mwana wake wamkulu, amene ankakhala ku Benislavskoy, popeza mpa zopweteka kwambiri kuwapirira mantha kuti iwo anatenga awo Aleksandra Razgulyaeva. Chakukhosi mayi anali mu mtima a mlakatuli Ndi. Ngakhale ankadziwa kuti mbale wake Alexander mu zosatheka kuti chirema, koma ofunda ubale nawonso ayi.

Dzina lake Aleksandr Ivanovich Razgulyaev, ndithudi, wonyada wa m'bale wake. Iye anakhala moyo wa wantchito njanji, ana anayi anakulira. Zake zonse kukumbukira zoopsa ubwana wa ana amasiyewo NW "Autobiography".

alongo

Esenina akhala ndiwotani ndi alongo awiri, Catherine ndi Alexander (1911-1981 gg.) (1905-1977 gg.). Catherine anatsatira m'bale wake mwa Konstantinovo anapita ku Moscow. Apo iye anamuthandiza pa nkhani mabuku ndi kufalitsa ndiyeno pambuyo pa imfa yake, anadzakhala woyang'anira yachokera wake. Catherine anakwatira mnzake wapamtima Esenina - ". Nkhani ya zilembo" Basil Nasedkina anazunzidwa ndi anaphedwa ndi NKVD mu 1937 pa yabodza Iye analandira zaka ziwiri. Iye anafa nthenda ya mtima mu Moscow.

mlongo waciŵili Alexandra. Izo ndi ntchito yambiri ndi khama anagwira kumanga Esenina zakale, kupereka zithunzi mipukutu ndi zamtengo wapatali heirlooms ndi zakale. Kusiyana ndi m'baleyo ali ndi zaka 16. Anawatcha Shurenkov ake. Kumapeto kwa 1924, nditabwereranso ku Australia, iye anamutengera iye kwa Moscow. Mayi anam'dalitsa Tikhvin Icon wa mayi wa Mulungu, imene tsopano mu Museum wa Yesenin mu Moscow. Wolemba ndakatulo anakonda alongo ake, ndipo analandira chimwene ku kulankhulana nawo.

agogo

Yesenin nthawi yaitali analeredwa ndi agogo ake akuchikazi. dzina agogo anali Natalia Evtihievna (1847-1911gg.), Ndipo agogo ake - (. 1845-1927 gg) Fyodor m'banja lawo, kuwonjezera mdzukulu wa Sergei, adakali moyo ndi ana awo atatu. Ndi kuyamika agogo ake Yesenin anakumana ndi folklore dziko. Anamuuza nkhani zambiri, nyimbo ndi ditties. Wolemba ndakatulo yekha anavomereza kuti anali nkhani agogo ake chimamulimbikitsa kulemba ndime yoyamba. Agogo Theodore anali munthu wa chikhulupiriro, amene ndi bwino mabuku a mpingo, lililonse madzulo m'nyumba mwawo anali kuwerenga.

Kukuyenda kwa bambo ake

Titamaliza Mpulumutsi Klepikovsky mphunzitsi mpingo sukulu mu 1912 ndipo anamaliza galamala mphunzitsi, Yesenin yomweyo anthuwo bambo ake Moscow pa msewu. Tsinani ku Big Strochenovskiy kanjira d. 24 (omwe tsopano m'nyumba m'nyumbayi Esenina).

Alexander Yesenin anasangalala ndi kufika, ndipo anaganiza kuti mwana wake kukhala wachiwiri wake odalirika, koma anakhumudwa pamene Iye anamuwuza iye kuti iye anafuna kuti akhale ndakatulo. Choyamba, anathandiza atate wake, koma kenako anayamba kubweretsa malingaliro awo moyo ndi ndinapeza ntchito mu kusindikiza nyumba I. D. Sytina. Ndiyeno ife sitikhala kamodzinso kubwereza onse a mbiri wake, umene uli kale mokwanira odziwika bwino, ndi bwino kuyesetsa kumvetsa chimene icho chinali anthu.

Pohabnik ndi kicker

About zambiri anati zinthu zambiri zosasangalatsa. Chipolowe ndi kuledzera Sanali zachilendo ku moyo wolemba ndakatulo, koma talente yake ku msonkhano wa ndakatulo ndi ankachitira kwambiri ndi kulemekeza. Malinga ndi ndakatulo yekha, ndi mawu a anthu kumuyandikira, monga Ilya Schneider, iye sanalembe mu mkhalidwe kuledzera.

Monga wolemba ndakatulo wa chikumbumtima, iye sakanakhoza kukhala chete, ndi Chisoni kwa dziko, amene Inabuka wathunthu chisokonezeko, bwinja, njala, wagwiritsa ntchito ndakatulo lake ngati chida kupokanyisana na boma ( "golide yakhalapo ..." "Tsopano ife tikuti pang'ono ... "," Soviet Russia "ndi" anazimiririka Russia ").

Posachedwapa, ntchito yake inali ya dzina lophiphiritsira - "Dziko Scoundrels". Atalemba moyo wake Yesenin wasintha kwambiri, ndipo anayamba Tembenukira mlandu makhalidwe oipa ndi kuledzera. Ndakatulo mobwerezabwereza mafunso anthu ku GPU, amene "adasoka" ntchito yake. Choyamba, iwo ankafuna kutsimikizira iye odana Semitism, ndiye ndisanasinthiretu bwino. Leo Tolstoy a mdzukulu Sophia yozizira 1925 anamuthandiza kuthawa kuzunzidwa, kuvomereza ndi pulofesa mutu Gannushkina kwa wolemba ndakatulo chipinda osiyana. Koma panali informers, ndi Esenina kachiwiri "anatenga ndikulinga". December 28 anali kum'menya anapha ananamizira kudzipha.

banja Esenina

Kuyambira mu 1914, Yesenin anakhala m'banja aboma ndi Anna Romanovna Izryadnova yoona (1891-1946 gg.). Anamuberekera mwana wamwamuna, Yuri, amene anamaliza maphunziro ku Moscow ndege sukulu luso, usilikali ku Khabarovsk, koma iye anawomberedwa mu 1937 pa milandu yabodza. Mayi anga anamwalira asakudziwa tsogolo la mwana wake.

Mu 1917, ndakatulo iyi anakwatiwa ndi Zinaidoy Rayh - Russian Ammayi ndi mkazi tsogolo la wotsogolera V. E. Meyerholda. Esenina banja ali ana wina ziwiri: Tatiana (1918-1992 gg.), Amene anadzakhala wolemba mtolankhani, ndi Constantine (1920-1986 gg.), Amene anakhala ndi mtolankhani komanso mpira ziwerengero. Koma banjali kachiwiri chinachake sizinayende, ndipo mu 1921 anali mwalamulo linatha.

Esenina Nthawi yomweyo panali msonkhano ndi wovina American Aysedoroy Dunkan, amene anakwatira miyezi sikisi. Pamodzi, anapita ku Ulaya ndi United States. Koma kunyumba, mwatsoka, ife odukaduka.

The nkhani zochititsa chidwi nyimbo ndi mlembi Esenina Galina Benislavskoy, yemwe anali mnzake apamtima mu zovuta kwambiri kwa iye. Ndi izo, iye anakomana ndi zina anakhala ndi iye. Iwo anakumana mu 1920. Pambuyo pa imfa ya ndakatulo mu 1922nd iyenso kuwomberedwa mu manda ake pa manda Vagankovsky. Iye anaikidwa m'manda pafupi naye.

Esenina akhala mwana wapathengo ndi wolemba ndakatulo Nadezhda Volpin Davydovna - Alexander. Iye anabadwa May 12, 1924, monga munthu wamkulu iye anasamuka ku US nakhala masamu. Alexander wafa posachedwapa - mu March 2016 ku Boston.

Recent Yesenin m'banja anamanga ndi Sofya Tolstoy. Iye ankafuna kuyamba moyo watsopano, koma imfa anafupikitsa madongosolo. Esenina pa tsiku la kubadwa, October 3, 2015, dziko lonse chikondwerero zaka 120. Iwo ukanati kwambiri anatembenuka izi ndakatulo ndi luso.

epilogue

Kuzinga Leningrad Esenina mwana Konstantin, amene anamenyera kutsogolo ndipo anapempha kubwereka tchuthi, limodzi la masiku wachisoni 1943 anaonekera pa mphambano ya Nevsky ndi Liteiny Chiyembekezo. Msilikali kapu nahlobuchennoy lake, kulidzoza chikhoto chake ndi zowauka mwadzidzidzi ataona kuti shopu "mabuku akale", ndipo popanda cholinga chilichonse monga anabwera kwa iye. Iye anaima ndipo anayang'ana mabuku wochenjera. Pambuyo YONUNKHAYI zithaphwi ndi ngalande osklizshih kukhala mwa mabuku anali pafupifupi yamtendere iye. Ndiyeno wogulitsayo, amene anali atatopa kwambiri ndipo anabala zizindikiro za njala kwambiri ndi zochitika mwa munthu, munthu anabwera ndipo ndinamuuza, kodi iwo ndi mabuku ang'ono Esenina. Iye ananena kuti tsopano mabuku ake n'zochepa kwambiri, ndipo munthu yomweyo anasiya. Constantine anadabwa kuti azingidwa, mwaukali ndi wosachiritsika moyo wa akufunika Yesenin. Ndipo n'zosadabwitsa, sitolo ndi panthawi mu windings ndi nsapato matope msilikali anaonekera pambali Constantin ndakatulo Yesenin -syn ...