Virgil ndakatulo "Aeneid": mwachidule ndi mutu

Lodziwika bwino ndakatulo "Aeneid" zili m'gulu la maphunziro kusukulu pachabe. Iye kulemera images, zinthu m'nthano ndi zochitika m'mbiri kuti angatchedwe Insaikulopediya woona wa dziko wakale. Komanso, wolemba ndakatulo wachiroma Virgil mu ndakatuloyi wake "Aeneid" analemba osati za masana ndi nkhondo. Part ntchito khama chenicheni yotopetsa chikondi kuti sadzasiya owerenga osayanjanitsika.

Za ndakatulo iyi

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chatha mu mzinda wa Sousse (ano Italy), anali mwangozi afukula ndi lalitali, amene ife tikhoza kuwona chithunzi cha Virgil. Wolemba ndakatulo anafaniziridwa pamenepo atavala mwinjiro woyera, ndi pafupi iwo anali imasonkhezera mbiri ndi matsoka. nkhope Virgil a akufotokozedwa ngati zazing'ono ngati pambuyo pofotokoza otsutsa wake zolembalemba ndi mbiri yakale - "osauka", koma yowala kwambiri ndi chimene moyo.

dzina lonse la wolemba ndakatulo chachikulu - Popliyo Vergilius Maro. Iye anabadwa m'chaka cha 70 BC. e. mu m'mudzi wina waung'ono pafupi ndi Mantua m'banja mwininyumba a. Atazunguliridwa ndi chikhalidwe Italy ndi amphawi mwakhama, anakulira wachikondi ndi kulemekeza ntchito ya munthu wamba. Maphunziro, wolemba ndakatulo tsogolo analandira ku Milan ndi Rome. Pambuyo pake, anali za Rome adzalenga ndakatulo waluntha, Virgil ( "Aeneid", mwachidule amene angapezeke mu nkhani).

Pambuyo pa kupha bambo ake ndakatulo anabwerera Manor kwawo kuti atenge malo a mbuye wake. Chifukwa cha nkhondo yapachiweniweni Nyumbayi adzakhala anasankhidwa ndi Virgil - ukapolo kuchokera kwawo.

Mu 30 BC. e. lofalitsidwa ndi mndandanda wa "Bukoliki", umene chidwi Jilin tikudziwa Gayo Maecenas. Kenako adzamasulidwa buku "Georgics", kenako ntchito yaikulu adzakhala anayambitsa - ndakatulo ya Virgil "Aeneid." Ntchito iyi kupereka ndakatulo khumi zapitazi a moyo wake.

Mwachidule za mankhwala

Inasintha ndakatulo waukulu Virgil "Aeneid" khumi. Master nthawi zambiri anasintha ntchito, mwina kusintha ziwalo lonse.

Yosonyeza zochitika za kanthu mu ndakatuloyi zosankhazo komanso mavuto n'kotheka, Kafotokozedwe pa ulendo. chikonzero chake chinali kukaona midzi yambiri ya Greece ndi Asia, koma ulendo wake kutha chifukwa cha matenda, kenako 19 BC. e. Virgil anafa. Komabe, wolemba ndakatulo wanzeru anatha kulenga ndi kudadziwika ntchito dziko, kuti aganyali izo chawo ndi moyo.

magwero m'nthano "Aeneid" Virgil

Amadziwika kuti ndakatulo chachikulu pa maziko m'nthano. Amakhulupirira kuti mbiri ya kuyenda Eneya ndi chipilala ngakhale Roma ndi zikhalidwe zina. Kenako, ndi dzanja kuwala kwa wolemba ndakatulo Greek Stesichorus ndi Dionisiya Galikarnasskogo, Eneya anali tate wa Rome. Nthano ya wolimba mnyamatayo anali zodziŵika kuti anauziridwa Virgil. "Aeneid" analengedwa pa maziko a nthano, koma kwathunthu ntchito paokha. chilengedwe ichi wa chosiyana ndi choyambirira, lili palokha monga mabuku a mbiri yakale, nthano, ndi zochitika, ndi kalembedwe la wolemba anasintha chiwembu chimachititsanso ndi zilembo moyo zapadera.

Tiyeneranso kuti Aroma anali sacredly analemekeza chikumbukiro Eneya. Ambiri mabanja apamwamba anali kuyesera kubweretsa anachokera cha ngwazi izi. Choncho, iwo akufuna kuvomereza kuti ndife mbadwa za milungu, chifukwa iye anali mwana wa Eneya, mulungu wamkazi Venus.

Trojan nthano mkombero

M'nthano maziko a Virgil a ndakatulo "Aeneid" - mndandanda wa Trojan nthano. Pa maziko awo "Iliad" ndi "Odyssey" wa Homer. Ndi za nthano makumi anayi amatiuza za chiyambi cha ku Trojan nkhondo, chiwonongeko cha Troy ndi tsogolo m'tsogolo mwawo.

Mfundo yoyamba, "Peleus ndi Thetis" za ukwati wa nyanja mulungu ndi munthu. Pa zikondwelelo anaitanidwa onse okhala Olympus, Kuitana sanali anatumiza kwa mulungu wamkazi wa mikangano iridium. Mu nawo mkwiyo ndi ukali iye anaponya golide apulo pa tebulo kumene milungu itatu anali: Athena (Minerva), Hera (Juno) ndi Aphrodite (Venus). Pa apulo linalembedwa: "The wokongola kwambiri." Kumene, mulungu wamkazi anayamba kukanganira amene anaika mphatso imeneyi. Anafunsidwa kuti uweruze wamng'ono Trojan Paris, ndipo adayesedwa kuti lonjezo la Aphrodite, mkazi wokongola kwambiri, anam'patsa apulo. Awiri nebozhitelnitsy ena anadana onse a Paris, ndipo mzinda wake. Kenako, Paris abera mkazi wokongola kwambiri wa dziko wakale - mkazi wa wovutika mfumu Elena. mwamuna wake, zida ndi thandizo la yaikazi awiri adakhumudwa kupita kunkhondo ndi Troy, ndi kuuononga.

Choncho zimachokera zikuwanyansa Hera-Juno kwa Eneya, mwana wa Aphrodite. Zotsatira za chidani bwino anafotokoza mu ndakatuloyi wake, Virgil. "Aeneid", mwachidule zomwe tiganizire angakuuzeni za zopinga ndi mavuto amene ankayenera kudutsamo khalidwe waukulu.

chidwi Ndipotu

Asayansi ambiri amakayikira chifukwa Virgil ankafuna anatentha "Aeneid."

Iwo likukhalira kuti ntchitoyi chidachitika, kawirikawiri anabwerera izo ndi kusintha mawu ochepa, ndipo ngakhale gawo la angamulambirire. Pamene Virgil anadwala anatenga mphasa yake, ndinalibe mphamvu kupitiriza kugwira ntchito pa ndakatuloyi. Zinaoneka kuti anthu chosakwanira kapena chopanda ungwiro. Mu liwiro misala wosakhutira okha ndi zilandiridwenso waukulu wachiroma wolemba ndakatulo anafuna kuwotcha chilengedwe chanu. Pali awiri Mabaibulo a chake iye sanatero. Mwina anaimitsidwa ndi abwenzi, kapena mwinamwake iye anaganiza bwino za yekha, ndipo mwamwayi, olemekezeka chikumbutso mabuku Roma anapulumutsidwa.

Kufanana ndi ntchito Homeric

Virgil ndakatulo "Aeneid" ndi zigawo ziwiri, aliyense wa mabuku asanu.

Mbali yoyamba chimakamba za masana a ngwazi za - Eneya. Apa otsutsa zolembalemba amakonda kujambula kufanana ndi Homer "Odyssey". Eneya monga Odysseus anabwerera ku Trojan nkhondo, komanso mfumu ya Ithaca, iye akuyesa kupulumutsa zombo wake ndi chifuniro cha milungu zoipa kwa izo. Iye akufuna kupeza mtendere osati kuyendayenda padziko lonse.

azimuth chinanso - ndi chishango mutu ndakatulo ndi. Mu Homer "Iliad" Achilles chishango analipira nyimbo lonse, komanso Virgil mu chaputala atatu a gawo lachiwiri atakutidwa chishango Eneya zithunzi mwatsatanetsatane, kusonyeza m'munsi mwa Rome. M'nthawi ya mabuku asanu adzakhala anafotokoza masana a ngwazi ndi nyanja ndi kumtunda, anakhala ndi Carthaginian mfumukazi Dido, makhalidwe Pofunafuna Mezhuyev pa chifuniro ndi zilakolako zawo.

Gawo lachiwiri laperekedwa kwa milungu ya Aroma, omwe amagwirizana ndi "Iliad." Limanena za nkhondo watsopano, umene kulimbana Eneya, ndi phukusi la wolamulira wamkulu.

Mbali yoyamba

Virgil ndakatulo "Aeneid", mwachidule zomwe ife azipereka kwa tcheru chanu wayamba mtundu wanyimbo chikhalidwe "payekha". Zimatanthauza muses wolemba ndakatulo limanena za mavuto a Eneya, vuto limene linali mkwiyo wa mulungu Juno (Agiriki - Hera). Kodi motere ndi nkhani ya milungu mu m'badwo wa ngwazi za nthawi wotsikayo kuchokera Olympus pansi. Iwo anapita kwa akazi chivundi, kotero kuti iwo abala ana awo. Mulungu komanso sanadandaule wa amuna wachivundi. The kuchotserapo anali Thetis (umene uli ndi mgwirizano ndi munthu wobadwa Achilles) ndi Aphrodite, amene anabereka Eneya, amene ayankhidwa.

Zimene ndakatuloyi zimatengera ife pamwamba panyanja, amene dissects sitima protagonist. Amasambira kwa mzinda wamng'ono wa Carthage. Koma Juno zili ndi akutumiza mphepo yoopsa. sitepe imodzi ku imfa Eneya nawalanditsa gulu la Neptune, amene anafunsa kuchita ndi mayi wa ngwazi za - Venus. Mozizwitsa kupulumuka zombo lotengeka ndi gombe osadziwika. Iwo likukhalira kuti kuli gombe African ndi dziko la Mfumukazi Dido, amene anafika kuno ku Foinike, kumene pang'ono kufa kwa manja a m'bale wake anathawa. Kenako aukitsa mzinda otchuka wa Carthage, pakati pa zomwe kumawala kachisi wapamwamba wa Juno.

Dido amatenga othawa kwawo mwamtendere ndi amakonzekera phwando, komwe Eneya, chidwi ndi kukongola ndi alendo Mfumukazi, limafotokoza nkhani ya Trojan nkhondo ndi masiku otsiriza a Troy. Iye anafotokoza mmene ochenjera ndi Achaeans (Ahelene) analenga chithunzi cha wotchuka Trojan kavalo ndi umabisika m'nyumba ndi "mphatso", usiku makomo Troy magazi. Kotero ife tikuwona kufanana ndi Homer "Iliad" mu Virgil. "Aeneid" Mulimonsemo si kutengera Ahelene, koma mfundo ndi nkhambakamwa chomwecho monga ndakatulo wake.

Usiku Eneya amaona maloto ovutitsa imene maulosi n'zogwirizana ndi kukumbukira: amake Venus Eneya anathandiza mwana wake ndi bambo wokalamba. Ndi iwo, ngwazi wathu amasambira kuchokera Troy, koma zimene gombe ndodo - sindikudziwa. Kulikonse zotchinga zomwe aika dzanja zoipa Juno. Mu zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi cha masana amakakamizidwa a Eneya akuyembekezera mabvuto ndi wakupha. Ndi kuthawa kwa mzinda, ndi kachilombo mliri, chipulumutso cha awiri zinsomba - Scylla ndi Charybdis. Akusowa ngwazi iye kufunafuna njira mu maulosi a manenedwe, koma m'tsogolo ali osokonezeka. Mmodzi limaneneratu ulamuliro wake wa ku Roma, zina - imfa chifukwa cha njala ya zombo lonse. Zombo theka kuwonongedwa, asilikali ataya chiyembekezo, ndi wina wa kumalo akufa akale bambo Anchises. Nkhani itha ndi Juno anatumiza namondwe.

Dido kumvetsera ndi mtima wotseguka ndipo akumvetsa ndi Eneya. Pakati pawo inayambika kumverera amphamvu. Nature amakhala mphezi ake kung'anima kuti akuyerekeza ndakatulo ndi miwuni ukwati. Ndi maganizo ake awiri atazindikira pa kusakasaka mu mkuntho. Chifanizo cha Eneya mu "Aeneid" Virgil momveka bwino kwambiri unaululidwa mu malingaliro kuti mfumukazi ya ku Carthage. Ife tikuziwona izo si wankhondo wolimba ndi mtsogoleri woona, komanso munthu wachikondi amene angathe kuperekedwa pamodzi ndi mtima wanga wonse.

Koma chikondi si zaikidwa kukhala pamodzi. Jupiter analamula Eneya yopita ku Rome. The ngwazi safuna, akufuna kukhala ndi wokondedwa wake, koma amadziwa sangathe kukana kwa milungu. Dido, ataona postpones mlongoti zombo Eneya, iri yofulumira lupanga.

The ngwazi kuyembekezera masana zina. Near mkazi Sicily a anatentha oyendetsa zombo amuna awo pamadzi kuchoka ku iwo. Eneya anataya zombo zinayi, koma anakakhala panjira milungu. Mu Italy wakumana ndi mneneri, umene umatumiza kwa nthaka Hade, bambo ake Anchises. iye yekha ndiye angaulule ana onse a ngwazi ya.

Eneya akutsika ku Hade pamene iye awona asilikali ake akufa ndi okondedwa Dido ndi bala wamagazi pachifuwa wake, loyang'ana chakulalatira, koma sanalankhule kwa iye. Kupeza mzimu wa bambo ake, iye amazindikira kuti ana ake zoyembekezeka kukhazikitsa mzinda kwambiri mpaka kalekale apite mu mbiri. Kubwerera kunthaka, Eneya amaphunzira kuchokera Sibyl masana ake apitirize dziko. Choncho mapeto gawo loyamba la ndakatulo wake Virgil. "Aeneid" ikupitirira m'mabuku awa.

"Aeneid." Chidule gawo lachiwiri

Kumayambiriro kwa gawo lachiwiri la asilikali wotopa ulendo wawo mpaka iwo kusiya pafupi Latium. Apa iwo adye masamba wokazinga, anawaika pa mikate mosabisa. Pamene anzake kudya ndi chofufumitsa, mwana wa protagonist ndi nthabwala: "Kotero ife anadya podyerapo." Ndinadabwa Eneya leaps, iye anati ulosi, ponena "matebulo adzakhala kudziluma ndi njala." Tsopano ngwazi akudziwa kuti iye anafika ku cholinga chake. Dziwani kuti ndakatulo Virgil a "Aeneid" ali ndi tanthauzo lachinsinsi la kuneneratu ndi uneneri.

Adathandizapo kuti iye anafika kumene wake, Eneya, amatumiza mithenga kwa mfumu kufunsa dzanja mwana wake wamkazi. Iye mosangalala kulandira pempholo, popeza amadziŵa ulosi, amene amanena kuti ana a mwana wake wamkazi ndi mlendo zoyembekezeka kugonjetsa theka dziko ndi kukhazikitsa ufumu wamphamvu.

Zingatanthauze kuti Eneya ndi ankhondo ake akuyembekezera bata ndi mtendere. Koma Juno Kodi kugona ndi amatumiza mthunzi wa nkhondo Latium. Eneya asilikali mwangozi kupha nswala kuposa chifukwa mwano mfumu Latina. Kuwonjezera inamuluma anakana wodandaulayu dzanja Lavinia Thurn za kupita ku nkhondo odana a Eneya.

Venus akufunsa mulungu Hephaestus kulenga zida cholimba Eneya. Mulungu wosula Wampekera chishango wamphamvu, chimene chimafotokoza mbiri ya Rome. chishango Ichi chimapereka zambiri danga ndakatulo Virgil. "Aeneid" (chidule cha machaputala, mwatsoka, sasamalira ikulongosola wathunthu chishango) kutisonyeza za m'tsogolo ndi wakale wa Rome amphamvu.

Chiyambi cha nkhondo yatsopano. Akamaliza ndakatuloyi

Ngakhale ngwazi athu ali otanganidwa ndi kukonzekera nkhondo imene ikubwera, Thurn mochenjera amachokera kumbuyo. Koma amuna awiri anabwera kuchokera wagwa Troy - Euryalus ndi Nisus - akupanga njira yawo kupyolera mdani usiku oyimitsira kuchenjeza Eneya. usiku ankaoneka kuti awathandize, mwezi zobisika kuseri kwa mitambo ndi sapereka cheza cha. The lonse mdani msasa Inabuka tulo, ndipo asilikali ndi anasiya chete mitembo ya adani. Koma Braves alibe nthawi kusanache, ndi kumvetsa Euryale ndi Nisus amapita ndi asilikali mazana atatu, koma kufa ndi ulemu.

Juno inhales wokaona mphamvu ya Umulungu wake, koma anakwiya willfulness ake Jupiter zimasokoneza mphamvu yake. Juno ndi Venus mu mkwiyo, kulozana zala chifukwa denouement a nkhondo wina ndi mtima wonse kuthandiza okondedwa awo. mkanganowo mabasi Jupiter ndi imakamba kuti nkhondo itayamba, ndiye anamulola kupita pa chifuniro cha tsoka. Limafotokoza udindo wa milungu Virgil. "Aeneid" limasonyezanso zoipa ndipo nthawi yomweyo wachifundo. Mu zochitika zosiyanasiyana, amachita monga anthu kumvera maganizo ake.

Anabwerera ku detachment la ngwazi wathu, ndi nkhondo yoopsa akuyamba. Thurn amapha angakuthandizeni komanso mnzake wapamtima Eneya Palant khungu chigonjetso osakhalitsa, amatenga lamba wake. Eneya iri yofulumira pakatikati pa nkhondo ndipo pafupifupi amakumana ulendo, koma Juno amathandizira ndi kuteteza izo.

nkhondo wakhala zina anapha asilikali ambiri woyenera. Falls chidwi ndi muvi wa wokongola Amazons Camilla. Eneya anapha ndi lupanga Mezentius Amakonda - bambo ndi mwana. Akufa, iwo akufunsidwa kuti m'manda pamodzi.

Kulirira ankhondo ake abwino ndiponso kulabadira akale Latina Thurn ndi kuthana ndi Eneya. Iwo amapereka osamenyana, ndi kubwera palimodzi mu duel a. Ngati mupambane Eneya, iye anachoka kudziko lino lapansi, ndi mdani adzatenga. Eneya kumagwirizana anatchedwa osayanjanitsika yochepa chabe, koma mwadzidzidzi mu mlengalenga mphungu amaukira gulu la swans. Wolimba mbalame nkhosa kutetezedwa, nakantha mphungu imayamba kuwuluka. The misala akale yamaula Latina kufuula kuti ichi ndi chizindikiro kulilaka amene anabwera kudzaona malo, ndi kuponyera mkondo mu msasa wa adani. Kachiwiri womangidwa nkhondo pakati pa asilikali.

Onse amaona kuchokera Olympus Juno ndi Jupiter anam'funsa kuti apereke Trojans wokakamiza miyambo ndi Italy kulola dzina Troy anafa pamodzi ndi mzinda wagwa. Mfumu ya milungu yonse akugwirizana ndi limanena kuti ku mafuko onse adzabadwa anthu ndi oveet mbiri yake padziko lonse lapansi.

Nkhondo zonse atapeza wina ndi mzake Eneya Thurn. Iwo converge nkhondo yotsiriza, ndiponso kunyanyala ngati bingu. Mu thambo pamwamba amphamvu ndi olimba ataima Jupiter, atagwira bwino ndi miyoyo ya m'nkhaniyi. Pambuyo nkhonyayo choyamba cha mkondo akuswa Turna linapanga ndi chishango Hephaestus-Vulcan, ndi wovulazidwa mdani ukugwa mu mtchafu. Eneya ndi wokonzeka ndi kumupha, amuika lupanga lake, koma mdani wake atam'pempha chifundo kwa bambo wokalamba. Eneya anasiya, koma maso ake amaona nthawi Palant pa ulendo. Ndipo adakumbukira anaphedwa wina, akulimbana ndi mdani imfa. Izi zinachitika otsiriza umatha ndi ndakatulo Virgil a.

Analysis wa mankhwala

"Aeneid" Virgil, miyambo ndi luso, zimene zogwirizana ndi looneka limodzi, kwenikweni ikuyenda bwino kwambiri chifukwa nthawi yake. ndakatulo Traditional ndi pempho ndi nthano monga gwero la chiwembu akutembenukira, komanso matabwa ake ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mwachizolowezi a m'nyimbo oyamba ndi adiresi mwachidule kwa wowerenga ndi kufotokoza za zochitika za m'tsogolo.

Luso Ntchito ali fanizo la ngwazi za - Eneya. Mosiyana ndi ndakatulo epic olembedwa pamaso pa "Aeneid", pomwe zilembo mtima kwambiri, chenicheni. Eneya yekha si wolimba wankhondo, iye - bwenzi lokhulupirika, bambo wabwino ndi mwana woyenera. Komanso, ngwazi amatha kukonda. Ngakhale kuti ndicho chifuniro cha milungu kuti achoke Dido wake wokondedwa, iye moona mtima chisoni ndipo sakufuna kusiya.

Ndithu mavuto ambiri aukitsa "Aeneid" ndi Virgil. Analysis wa ndakatuloyi imavuta kwambiri, kuyambira mankhwala ndi m'zigawozigawo ndi chimakwirira kwambiri maganizo. Kwambiri pa ntchito ndi mutu wa uneneri. Otchulidwa olosera akhulupirira ndi kumachita monga zinafotokozedwa aya za maneno awo ndi alauli. Ndipo ngakhale ena a iwo Sakhulupirira uneneri, komabe akwaniritsidwa. Koma zonse apa ladzala ndi okhutira yosiyaniranapo kuposa mu "Odyssey" wa Homer. Mu ndakatuloyi, akulu Greek izo zinanenedweratu pa mavuto a Odyssey, ndi "Aeneid" ngwazi linaneneratu osati tsogolo, ndi cholinga chake - kukhazikitsa ufumu watsopano kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti Eneya ipyole kwambiri mavuto ndi ndifotokoze mavuto, sikuti iye flinch, iye akupita ku cholinga chake.

Mphamvu ya chifuniro cha milungu pa tsoka la munthu osati kokha, komanso mtundu wonse ndi pachikhalidwe nkhani ya ntchito ku Roma. Komabe, mu "Aeneid" zimatengera tanthauzo latsopano. Apa milungu osati kuyang'ana kwa kupindula nako mu mawonekedwe a ulemu ndi akuika akachisi, komanso akhoza kumva chifundo ndi chisoni ngwazi chivundi ndi anthu omwe amathandiza kwambiri.

Komanso Dziwani ndi ulendo wa Eneya mu nthaka ufumu wa Pluto. Mutu palokha ndi miyambo ndithu, koma nzeru ndi maganizo a shawa ngwazi nachimva ulosi wa bambo ake mu Hade.

m'malo apeza

Ndakatulo "Aeneid" - ndi ntchito yaikulu ya ngakhale amphamvu mabuku ndi luso. ntchitoyo zogwirizana amaganiza anthu ndi malo a mitundu yonse, nkhondo ndi nazo ya m'nkhaniyi, ubwenzi ndi chikondi, chilakolako yosavuta anthu ndi kwa milungu, cholinga apamwamba.

zaka khumi analemba waluntha ndakatulo Virgil. "Aeneid" ndi mitu pomasulira limati mosavuta. Ndakatulo adzakhala chidwi kwa aliyense amene akufuna kudziwa za mbiri ndi chikhalidwe cha ku Roma.