Amene anapha Alexander 2 ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani? Pamene Alexander anaphedwa ndi 2?

Mfumu anapita mu mbiri ndi epithet 'angamasuledi, ikuchitika kalekale maloto a anthu pa chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom, anali kapolo wa anthu ndi anthu omwewo, kwa inalamula wa moyo umene kuyesetsa kwambiri. imfa yake zikutipatsa mafunso ambiri mwa mbiri yakale. Ife tikudziwa dzina la zigawenga za anaponya bomba, ndi Komabe, funso "N'chifukwa apha Alexander 2? 'Ndipo alibe yankho lomveka bwino lero.

Kusintha ndi zotsatira zawo

ntchito State Alexander 2 ikhale fanizo la mwambi wotchuka "wodzaza ndi zolinga zabwino msewu ku gehena." Anakwera mpandowachifumu pa zaka sate-sikisi, anapanga angapo kusinthika kwakukulu. Iye anatha kumaliza zoopsa chifukwa Russia Crimea nkhondo, silinakwaniritsidwe kwadzaoneni atate wake - Nicholas I. Letsani serfdom. Kukhazikika yolembedwa usilikali, anayambitsa boma ndipo wapanga kusintha milandu. Komanso anatha kuchepetsa kufufuza ndi atsogolere kuyenda kunja.

Komabe, chifukwa cha chiyambi chake zonse zabwino, m'gulu mbiri ya Russia monga "kusintha kwakukulu", anali impoverishment osauka, timasuke ku ukapolo, koma mosatsata gwero yaikulu zofunika pamoyo - dziko lapansi; zikutha m'mayiko eni wakale - olemekezeka; ziphuphu, kuphimba muzochitika zones za boma; mndandanda wa zolakwa N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti mfundo yachilendo. Mwachionekere, mu mitundu mfundo zonsezi ndi afunefune yankho ku funso la chifukwa anaphedwa Alexander 2.

Chiyambi cha chingwe kuukira

Mu mbiri Russian sanali mfumu, amene adzakhala zonse ndi relentlessly anafuna kupha. Alexander 2 anali ankafuna asanu, otsiriza a zimene zinaonetseratu koopsya kwa iye. Ngakhale pamaso pa "Narodnaya Volya" - bungwe amene anapha Alexander 2 - kwathunthu ananena linakhalapo, mndandanda wa zigawenga anatsegula wosakwatiwa wotchedwa Dmitry Karakozov. April 4, 1866 (masiku onse amapatsidwa m'nkhani, kalembedwe yatsopano), iye anaponya Mfumu, akubwera kuchokera ku chipata cha Chilimwe munda pa Neva embankment. Mpirawo zinalephereka, amene anapulumutsa moyo wa Alexander.

Ulendo wotsatira anapangidwa May 25, 1867 mu Paris ku Polish obwera Anton Berezovsky. Izi zinachitika pa ulendo wa Mfumu pa World Chiwonetsero. The chowombelera anaphonya. zochita zake iye ananena ndibwezera Russian mfumu kwa yimitsira wamagazi a kugalukira Polish wa 1863.

Pambuyo kuukira April 14, 1879, anachita anapuma collegiate assessor Aleksandrom Solovovym, m'gulu la "Land and Ufulu". Iye anali wokhoza kuti aone Mfumu pa Palace Square pa kuyenda nthawi zonse, chimene iye anachita yekha ndi opanda chitetezo. The tizilomboto wapanga akatemera asanu, koma onse sizinathandize.

The kuwonekera koyamba kugulu la Anthu

1 December chaka chomwecho, koma- woyamba chinapangidwa ndi anthu, amene anapha Alexander 2 patapita zaka ziwiri. Iwo anayesera kuti aphulitsa sitima achifumu pa ulendo wake ku Moscow. Kupewedwa kuzindikira zolinga zathu kachilombo chifukwa umene litaphulitsidwa si zikuchokera, ndi Mfumu anakhalabe sanamuvulaze.

Ndipo, potsiriza, mndandanda wa zoyesayesa analephera anamaliza kuphulika bingu February 17, 1880 pansi woyamba wa Zima Palace. Wake membala wa bungwe "Will anthu" Stepan Khalturin. Izi n'zimene zinachitikira otsiriza, pamene tsogolo la Mfumu kupulumutsa miyoyo. Panthawi imeneyi, Alexander 2 kupulumutsidwa ndi chandamale maulo chakudya, ndi makina infernal ntchito kulibe. Kale ntchito yapadera boma anaikidwa sabata pofuna kuthana ndi uchigawenga ndi bata mu dziko.

Magazi pa ngalande embankment

Chakupha Mfumu anali March 13, 1881. Pa tsiku ili, Iye, mwachizolowezi, pobwerera asilikali chisudzulo mu Mikhailovsky Manege. Pambuyo kuyendera panjira ya Grand Duchess Catherine Mikhailovna, Alexander adapita panjira pawo, anapita embankment wa Catherine Ngalande, kumene anadikira kuti zigawenga lapansi.

Dzina la munthu amene anapha Alexander 2, tsopano lodziwika bwino kwa onse. Izi ndi Pole, wophunzira wa St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute Ignatius Grinevitsky. Iye anaponya bomba akutsatiridwa ndi mnzake Nikolaem Rysakovym komanso metnuvshy makina infernal, koma sizinathandize. Pamene ndege yoyamba kuonongeka Mfumu anachoka ophimba pa, Grinevitsky namponya bomba pansi pa mapazi ake. N'kufa mfumu anatengedwera ku Zima Palace, pamene iye anafa wopanda ayambirenso kutsitsimuka.

khoti kutsutsidwa

Mu 1881, pamene anaphedwa Alexander 2, ntchito ya ntchito boma, ngakhale kunja anapereka kuona ntchito thupi Komabe, zinkaoneka zachilendo kwambiri. Azambiriyakale zifukwa zokwanira kukhulupirira kuti imfa ya Alexander anali zotsatira za chiwembu cha bwalo osankhika, poyamba pa zonse, kukhala wosasangalala ndi kusintha owolowa manja wochitidwa ndi mfumu, ndipo kachiwiri, kuopa kuthekera kwa malamulo a.

Komanso osiyanasiyana olemekezeka apamwamba m'gulu nzika amene anataya serfs, ndipo motero zowawa awiri. Iwo anali lomveka kudana mfumu. Ngati tikambirana nkhaniyi mbali iyi, zingakhale bwino chifukwa anapha Alexander 2.

A kuchotsa zachilendo Apolisi

Dipatimenti ya zochita Gendarmes chisokonezo malamulo. Iwo amadziwa kuti nthawi apafupi ndi kupha malipoti zingapo za kuukira kumene kukubwera, ndipo ngakhale anasonyeza bwaloli zotheka wakhala analandira. Komabe, palibe poyankha si anatsatira. Komanso, pamene alonda a chilamulo anauzidwa kuti pa Malaya Sadovaya - ali pafupi kumene anapha Alexander 2 - ncho njira ya malangizo ake zotheka, iwo okha okha kuyendera cursory a malo omwe m'ngalande kunachitidwa.

Palibe kuzindikira (kapena kupeza kofunika muzindikire), ndi gendarmes asiya zigawenga kupitiriza kukonzekera nkhondo. Zinaoneka kuti munthu mwadala anakumasulani manja a zigawenga akufuna kuzigwiritsa ntchito kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo. Kukayikitsa n'chakuti pamene tsoka kwachitika, ndipo mfumu, amene anali mu nyumba yachifumu monga anawatsutsa kwambiri kwatha, ophunzira onse a kuphedwa zinamangidwa mofulumira chidwi. Palibe kukayika kuti gendarmes ankadziwa zimene gulu anapha Alexandra 2.

mavuto a kulowezana

Komanso, funso la amene anapha Alexander 2 (kapena molondola kwambiri, anali kulinganiza weniweni wa kuphedwa), kuganizira ndi mavuto dynastic inayamba mu nyumba yachifumu. mwana wake wamwamuna, wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu, tsogolo Mfumu Alexander III wa, anali ndi chifukwa choopera tsogolo lawo. chakuti kumayambiriro kwa chaka chimenecho, pamene iye anaphedwa Alexander 2, Mfumu, sadzachitanso kupirira chofunika masiku makumi anayi pambuyo pa imfa ya mkazi wake n'kololeka Maria Alexandrovna anakwatirana ndi kalonga lake lapamtima Ekaterinoy Dolgorukovoy.

Popeza kuti bambo wake kangapo pamaso anasonyeza kuti akufuna achotsedwe yachifumu, dzina lake Aleksandr Aleksandrovich mosavuta amaganiza kuti korona ankafuna kudali kuti iye koma kwa mwana amene wabadwa ukwati watsopano. Pofuna kupewa izi angakhoze kokha kumwalira mwadzidzidzi, natipatsa pofuna yapita, iye alibe wina atsitsimutse kukayikirana.

Woyamba mu mbiri ya makono ya gulu la zigaŵenga

Aliyense anapha Tsar Alexander 2 (zigawenga Ignatius Grinevitsky), anali membala wa mgwirizanowo mobisa, "Narodnaya Volya". Akukhulupirira kuti anali woyamba mu mbiri yamakono ya gulu la zigawenga. Wakhala apadera kokha kuphana ndale, omwe anaona okha njira kusintha dongosolo alipo.

Iwo wapangidwa ndi anthu amene anali m'gulu Boma ambiri osiyanasiyana a anthu. Mwachitsanzo, Sofia Perovskaya, mwachindunji kuyang'anira kuphedwa pofuna pa Catherine Ngalande, anali noblewoman, ndipo ngakhale mwana wamkazi wa mkulu wa St. Petersburg, ndi mnzake ake nkhondo, ndi mtima uliwonse Zhelyabov - acokela ku banja la serfs.

chiganizo mfumu

Popeza tikuitana mantha kukwaniritsa zolinga za ndale, ali pa msonkhano wawo woyamba unachitika mu 1879, limene linagwirizana kuti aphedwe ndi Alexander 2 ndi zaka wotsatira zikugwira kukhazikitsa zochita zake. Kwa iwo kunali kofunika kuwononga autocrat, kulikonse kumene chimachitika ndi chaka chomwe. 2 anapha Alexander otentheka, osati schadivshie maganizo zosatheka chosintha kapena miyoyo yawo, makamakanso alendo.

Komabe, mu kudwala-fated kasupe iwo anali ndi zifukwa zomveka ndifulumire. Zigawenga dziwa kuti March 14 akaweruzidwa kuvomerezedwa ndi malamulo, ndipo sakanatha kulola kuti zichitike, chifukwa, monga kuwerengetsera awo, kukhazikitsidwa kwa oterowo chikalata wofunika m'mbiri akhoza kuchepetsa mlingo wa mavuto chikhalidwe mu dziko ndi kumana iwo za nkhondo thandizo dziko. Anaganiza kuti chirichonse chinali kuchotsa mfumu posachedwapa.

Kuunika mofatsa zenizeni mbiri

Nkhani wakhala dzina la munthu amene anapha Alexander 2, kusiya mapazi ake infernal makina, koma nkomwe mbiri yakale adzatha kutsimikizira unali woyenerera kapena kulephera amaganiziridwa kukhala otanganidwa mu chiwembu la mabwalo bwalo ndi wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu. Documents kuti kuunikira pa nkhaniyi, palibe. Akukhulupirira kuti initiators a kuphedwa ndi perpetrators ake anali achinyamata, mamembala a mgwirizano mobisa a "Narodnaya Volya".

Pa nthawi Soviet mabungwe onse kuti kumenyana autocracy ndi, touted n'kumalankhulira mbiri yoona. zochita zawo analungamitsidwa kaya ndi amene magazi awo anakhetsedwa. Koma ngati funso kufunsa lero: "Kodi Anthu amene anaphedwa Alexander 2 - zigawenga kapena ayi," nthawi zambiri yankho ndi inde.

Chipilala kwa Tsar angamasuledi

History watsimikizira kuti cholinga si nthawi zonse kulungamitsa njira, ndipo nthawizina anamenyera chifukwa chabe mwa oipa. Choncho, munthu wopha Alexander 2, sanakhale kunyada kwa Russia. dzina lake sakutchedwa m'misewu ndi m'mabwalo sanali anamangidwira zipilala. Pa nkhani yoti, kodi chaka anaphedwa Alexander 2, adzayankha ambiri, koma kutchula dzina wakupha ndi kovuta.

Pa nthawi yomweyo pa malopo imfa ya anaphedwa Mfumu-angamasuledi anamanga kachisi wokongola, yotchuka wotchedwa Mpulumutsi pa anakhetsa mwazi, ndipo anakhala chipilala wosatha. M'zaka za obscurantism kulibe Mulungu mobwerezabwereza anayesera kuti atenge pansi, koma nthawi iliyonse mphamvu ya dzanja yakumwamba ya vandals apewe. Kuzitcha izo tsoka, zingakhale chala cha Mulungu, koma kukumbukira Alexander 2, kuswa maunyolo serfdom, ndipo tsopano kuwala nawo domes golide, ndi ambanda wake nthawi apita mu mdima wa mbiri.