Africa cha kum'mwera zigawo: boma, anthu, chikhalidwe

M'dera chachiwiri cha padzikolapansi (pambuyo Asia) ndi Africa. Subregions zake (chuma chawo, anthu, ndi chikhalidwe cha boma) tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino.

Mungasankhe Chigawo cha Africa ndi

dera la Africa - waukulu chirengedwe dziko. Motero, kukhumba kuti muchigawane zigawo ndithu mwachibadwa. Pali zotsatirazi awiri m'madera lalikulu otentha Africa North (ndipo Africa kumpoto kwa Sahara). Pali ndithu lalikulu achilengedwe, mtundu, mbiri yakale komanso umoyo ndi zachuma kusiyana pakati pa mbali imeneyi.

Saharan Africa - ichi ndi ambiri m'mbuyo dziko osauka. Ndipo mu nthawi yathu, gawo la ulimi mu GDP ake ndi apamwamba kuposa gawo mafakitale. 28 wa 47 osachepera anayamba m'mayiko dziko ili mu sub Saharan Africa-. Komanso, nambala pazipita maiko ali pano, amene alibe kunyanja (States ngati m'dera 15).

Pali lina lomwe gulu la Africa m'zigawo. Malinga ndi iye, gawo - Southern, Otentha ndipo Africa North.

Ife tifike ku mfundo regionalization, mwachitsanzo Kugawilidwa kwanthaka lalikulu zazikulu-zigawo (kum'mwera m'madera) ndife chidwi Africa lapansi. Pakali pano, amaganiza kuti pali asanu okha. Africa ali zotsatirazi kum'mwera zigawo: South, East, Central, West ndipo Africa North (pa mapu pamwamba). Mu nkhani iyi, wonena za chuma, anthu ndi chikhalidwe ndi aliyense wa iwo.

Africa North

Africa North amapita ku Nyanja Yofiira ndi Mediterranean ndi Atlantic Ocean. Chifukwa ichi kwa nthawi yaitali kukhazikitsa chifukwa Near East ndi Europe. Malo okwana ndi pafupifupi mamiliyoni 10 Km ^2, ndi anthu anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 170. Mediterranean "wapakamwa" amasonyeza udindo wa subregion lapansi. Uyamiko kwa Iye, Africa North ndi pafupi ndi South-West Asia ndi Kumwera kwa Ulaya. Ilinso ndi kubwereketsa kuti njira yaikulu nyanja, amene amayendetsa ku Ulaya Asia.

Chopunthira cha chitukuko ndi kulamulira Arab

Sahara chipululu kumene kulibe populata danga kupanga "kumbuyo" derali. Africa North ndi chopunthira cha chitukuko cha Igupto wakale, amene anapanga zopereka kwambiri chikhalidwe. Mbali Mediterranean a mu kalelo anali ankaona zimakhala zazikulu wa Rome. Ndipo lero n'zotheka kupeza zotsalira tambirimbiri ndi mobisa catchment mwa nyanja opanda moyo a miyala ndi mchenga, komanso nyumba zina zakale. Ambiri a mzindawo, yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndi anachokera ku Carthaginian ndi midzi Roma.

Arab kulamulira chidzachitika zaka 7-12., Yathandiza yaikulu chikhalidwe cha anthu, kapangidwe kake mitundu ndi moyo. Ndipo amaona Arab lero gawo kumpoto kwa Africa: pafupifupi onse am'deralo ndi Muslim ndi kulankhula Arabic.

The moyo zachuma a anthu ndipo Africa North

Mzere m'mphepete mwa nyanja amalongosola moyo chuma subregion lapansi. Nawa mafakitale zofunika kupanga, komanso madera chachikulu cha ulimi. Mwachibadwa, kunyumba kwa pafupifupi anthu onse a subregion lapansi. Adobe nyumba ndi apansi zadothi ndi padenga, anthu ambiri akumidzi. Mizinda ndi maonekedwe khalidwe kwambiri. Choncho, ethnography ndi madera olekanitsidwa mitundu osiyana Arabic kalembedwe mzinda. Iwo amakhala ndi kugawikana mu gawo akale ndi atsopano. Africa North, nthawi zina amatchedwa Maghreb, koma izi si wolondola kwathunthu.

chuma

Panopa subregion ndi 15 limati palokha. Mayiko ndi 13 iwo. Ambiri m'mayiko North America ndi underdeveloped. Mu chuma Libya ndi Algeria ali penapake bwino anakamba. M'mayikowa pali chakudya chapadera cha gasi, mafuta, lomwe masiku ano ndi chofunika otentha pa dziko msika. Migodi thanthwe mankwala ntchito kupanga feteleza, ndi chinkhoswe mu Morocco. Niger ndi lalikulu ureniamu sewerolo, koma mpaka pano a mayiko osauka mu Africa North.

Wofooka populata kum'mwera mbali ya subregion lapansi. Ulimi anthu amakhala oases imene chofunika ndi ogula waukulu chikhalidwe ndi kanjedza. Only verblyudovodov-wongosamukasamuka angapezeke mu mpumulo wa m'deralo, ngakhale pena paliponse. The laku Libya ndi Algeria mbali ya Sahara, pali gasi, mafuta minda.

Chopapatiza 'gulu moyo "kokha mwa Nile chigwa wedged m'chipululu kutali kum'mwera. Pa chitukuko cha Upper Egypt zofunika kwambiri anali pomanga Nile Aswan hydro ndi thandizo luso ndi chuma ku USSR.

Africa West

Sub-zigawo Africa kuti chidwi ife - ndithu mutu waukulu, kotero ife kuchepetsa khalidwe mwachidule. Pitani ku lotsatira kum'mwera dera - Africa West.

Nawa zone savannah ya zipululu zotentha ndi chinyezi nkhalango kunyanja, zimene zili pakati pa Gulf a Guinea ndi Sahara chipululu. Ndi yaikulu kum'mwera dera la Africa mu mawu a anthu ndi imodzi yaikulu m'dera. zinthu Natural pano ali yosiyanasiyana, ndiponso mitundu zikuchokera am'deralo ndi ovuta kwambiri - akupereka osiyana Narody Afriki. The subregion m'mbuyomu anali m'dera chachikulu cha malonda a akapolo. Panopa, pali anayamba ulimi, kudzera mwa kupanga zosiyanasiyana ogula ndi munda wa mbewu ndalama. Pali mu subregion ndi mafakitale. Kwambiri patsogolo malonda ake - migodi.

Chiwerengero cha Africa West

Malinga ndi kafukufuku 2006, chiwerengero cha Africa West - anthu mamiliyoni 280. Mu zikuchokera, ndi Mipikisano mitundu. Yaikulu mitundu gulu - ndi vulof, Mandingo, Serer, Moss, Songhai, Fulani ndi fuko la Hausa. Anthu zakwawoko lagawidwa pamodzi mizere zinenero mu 3 metagruppy - Nilo-Saharan, Niger-Congo ndipo Afro-Asian. A zilankhulo za ku Ulaya mu subregion wamba English ndi French. Magulu waukulu wa anthu ndi chipembedzo - Asilamu Akhristu ndi achipembedzo chamakolo.

Chuma cha Africa West

Onse States kuti pano - m'mayiko osauka. Monga tanena kale, ndi osiyana kwambiri chuma kum'mwera zigawo Africa. Tebulo pamwamba amapereka makhalidwe amenewa chizindikiro zofunika chuma Africa timasamala ndi nkhokwe momwe golide (deta 2015). Pakuti West States African mu tebulo monga Nigeria, Ghana, Mauritania ndi Cameroon.

A otsogolera polenga GDP mu subregion ankaimba ndi ulimi ndi migodi. Mchere pano mu Africa West - mafuta, chitsulo miyala, bauxite, golide, manganese, phosphates ndi diamondi.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Kuyambira mutu wa izi kum'mwera dera zikuonekeratu kuti akuchita chigawo chapakati cha Africa (kunyanja). Malo okwana dera ndi 6613 zikwi. ^Km2. mayiko 9 okha ndi ku Central Africa: Gabon, Angola, Cameroon, Congo ndi Democratic Republic of Congo (awa limati awiri osiyana), Sao Tome ndi Príncipe, Chad, Central African Republic ndi Equatorial Guinea. Komanso apa ndi chilumba cha St. Helena, zomwe ndi gawo kutsidya kwa nyanja ya UK.

States of Central Africa zili m'madera a savannah ndi chinyezi nkhalango kunyanja, umene kwambiri anakhudzidwa chitukuko zachuma. Izi boma dera - mmodzi wa olemera chuma mchere malo, osati Africa koma dziko lonse lapansi. The zikuchokera mitundu am'deralo, motsutsana ndi dera yapita ndi yunifolomu. Naini chakhumi ndiye muli Narody Afriki, a Bantu amene akukhudzana ndi mzake.

chuma subregion a

Onse States of subregion, monga gulu la UN, zikukwaniritsidwa. Mu kulengedwa kwa GDP ntchito zofunika ankaimba ndi ulimi ndi migodi. Mu nkhani imeneyi, West ndi pakati pa Afrika ofanana. Mchere anachira pano - cobalt, manganese, mkuwa, diamondi, golide, gasi, mafuta. The subregion ali wabwino hydropower angathe. Komanso, chuma kwambiri nkhalango pano.

Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri pa Africa Central.

Africa East

Iwo lili kutentha komanso subequatorial. Africa East akupita ku nyanja ya Indian, chotero yaitali anakhalabe asapita malonda ndi maiko Arab ndi India. Mchere chuma cha subregion ndi zazing'ono, koma zosiyanasiyana chachikulu zachilengedwe kwambiri. Zimenezi n'zimene kwakukulukulu Mzimuyo zosiyanasiyana ntchito zachuma.

Chiwerengero cha Africa East

Africa East - ndi zithunzi kwambiri subregion ethnically. M'malire a mayiko ambiri anakhazikitsako amangosankha ndi atsamunda okhaokha kale. Pa nthawi yomweyo chikhalidwe ndi mitundu kusiyana lomwe lili ndi chiwerengero cha Africa East, sanali kuwaganizira. Chifukwa kusiyana kwambiri mawu moyo ndi chikhalidwe mu izi kum'mwera dera ali ndi kuthekera kwambiri kwa nkhondo. Nthawi zambiri panabuka nkhondo, kuphatikizapo wamba.

South Africa

Iwo lili kum'mwera kwa Africa omwe ali kutali kwambiri kuchokera Asia, America ndi ku Ulaya, koma umapita ku njira nyanja, envelopu a kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa Africa. Izi boma dera lili mu M'madera a zitunda subtropical ndi otentha la Southern lapansi. Pali kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe, makamaka kuoneka osiyana a mchere wolemera. South Africa (South Africa) - waukulu "pachimake" wa subregion lapansi. Imeneyi ndi olemera dziko pa dziko lapansi.

Chiwerengero cha chuma ndi South Africa

A nambala yaikulu ya anthu a South Africa ndi lochokera ku Ulaya. Bantu anthu amapanga namtindi wa anthu a subregion lapansi. Anthu wamba zambiri osauka, koma ndege, pali zabwino zomangamanga alendo ntchito bwino akhazikitsidwa mu South Africa, ndi misewu. Migodi, komanso miyala ya golide, pulatinamu, diamondi ndi mchere amapanga maziko a chuma. Komanso, South Africa ochuluka osauka luso, zokopa alendo ndi kupanga.

pomaliza

Monga mukuonera, Africa yense si bwino anayamba chuma. anthu ake ndi anagawira omangidwa. Panopa biliyoni akukhala pa izi Africa ngati Africa. Subregions zinali tione anafotokoza. Pomaliza, tisaiwale kuti Africa ndi ankaona kuti kumudzi kwa anthu: kuno anapeza mabwinja kwambiri wakale wa hominids oyambirira ndi makolo awo zotheka. Pali wapadera sayansi Studies African, amene amaphunzira chikhalidwe, ndale, chuma ndi chikhalidwe mavuto a Africa.