Kodi ndi zolankhula zathu? Mawu, mawu komanso ziganizo, ndi masitayilo kulankhula

anthu wosazindikira ankayenera kuti abwere ndi mawu kwambiri kutanthauza ichi kapena nkhani imeneyi. Choncho zinaoneka analola munthu kuthawa dziko la kusungulumwa ndi umbuli. Kenako kulemba lisanalengedwe, ndipo anthu amene wakwanitsa pochitika pa nzeru zawo. Popeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa mawu oyamba anali nthawi yaitali. Kuti tiyankhe funso chimene chili mu chinenero chathu, m'pofunika kusamutsa ndi kuchuluka kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu.

Malonje

Mbali yaikulu ya chinenero ndi mawu. Kuyambira mawu kumanga ziganizo, mungathe kulankhula, kulemba essays. Pali mitundu iwiri ya kulankhula - olankhulidwa ndi olembedwa. Aliyense ali ndi njira yake ya mawu. Monga munthu wachikulire "limakula" mawu ake, kuti ali mu ndondomeko ya maphunziro wina amaphunzira mawu yatsopano, amene amalola kuchita mawu ake omveka ndi zimalimbikitsa.

Pa nthawi imene silinatulukiridwe kulemba, anthu ankalemba wokongola nthano, nkhani, nkhani, nyimbo ndi retold iwo wina ndi mzake. Choncho, ngakhale masiku ano, kusunga cholowa chikhalidwe, ndilo lotchedwa m'kamwa wowerengeka luso. Kenako mu sukulu ana munaphunzitsidwa kulemba yekha zinthu zofunika pamoyo wawo. Ayang'anire kuyambira zapita nthawi yambiri ndipo n'kovuta kufotokoza mwachidule zimene tikulankhula, koma mfundo zake zazikulu ndi mbali wofanana.

mawu

Mmodzi mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu ya kulankhula ndi mawu. Ichi ndi laling'ono lexical wagawo, kusonyeza chinthu kapena kanthu makamaka. Mawu angagwiritsidwe ntchito payekha kapena molumikizana chinenero lexical. Mwachidule, mawu amapanga ziganizo. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri wa kulankhula, angapo katundu:

• mawu ali ndi nkhawa yaikulu.
• Mawuwa mtengo ena.
• Mu mawonekedwe a tanthauzo lexical akufotokoza chowonadi.
• Kodi ankapoperamo ufulu umene munthu masewero, osati kupeka zawo.
• Momasuka ili chiweruzo ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mawu osiyana.
• Amakhala ndi morpheme (a mayunitsi zing'onozing'ono chinenero, amene sanachite zinthu aliyense).
• Kodi si separability dongosolo.
• Pamodzi ndikuika ena a malamulo kalembedwe.
• Zimafalitsa nzeru yeniyeni ndi kukhalapo mu mawonekedwe zakuthupi.

kutsatsa

Munthu umagwira ntchito lemba amalankhula mawu osiyana, koma ngati inu ntchito padera, popanda mitolo aliyense thematic, ndiye palibe adzatha mokwanira kupereka mfundo ankafuna. Mwachitsanzo, munganene kuti: "The chilengedwe, nyanja, sitima, banja." Icho chidzakhala chabe ya mawu amene akuimira zigawo zosiyana za moyo wa munthu. Koma ngati inu kuwamanga pamodzi, kuwonjezera prepositions ochepa ndi mneni, ndiye ife kupeza: "Pa Lachitatu, akapita ku nyanja pa sitima." Ndiko kuti, kupeza oyenera uthenga zambiri. Mauthenga awa akutchedwa bwana, mayunitsi zinenero zimene grammatically bungwe mawu pawiri.

Mawu ndi ndimavutika

Malingaliro akhoza kukhala wophweka kapena zovuta. Akuyendera makhalidwe awo, m'pofunika kulabadira Mfundo yoteroyo, monga m'chiganizo. pawiri Izi grammatically zambiri zokhudza mawu zigawo za pempholo.

Koma mawu sali:

• Phunziro ndi mkhalidwe.
• mbali homogeneous cha chiganizocho.
• Okuluwika.

mawu akuti kawirikawiri kusokonezedwa ndi ziganizo yosavuta. ziganizo Simple ndi osiyana ndi zovuta ndi kukhalapo kwa chimodzi chokha kalembedwe chimango (mutu ndi mkhalidwe). ziganizo zovuta ndi maziko angapo kalembedwe. Kunena mwachidule, umafuna zovuta zigwirizana wa wamba ochepa. Kwenikweni, zimenezi zonse zimene zili zolankhula zathu, mwa mawu a dongosolo.

kalembedwe

Amakhala bwana. Koma si onse. Malinga ndi nkhani yake, bwana kusintha liwu lawo ndi njira akupereka mauthenga. Choncho, mkati tanthauzo la maganizo omwewo akhoza idzaseweredwe m'njira zosiyanasiyana. njira amatchedwa masitayilo kulankhula. Mwachidule, mawu amenewa amatanthauza, vozniknuvshey mu citukuko. Iwo ntchito zosiyanasiyana zolankhulirana. Masitaelo waukulu wa kulankhula - ndi:

• kalembedwe Scientific - ntchito kutumiza mauthenga zili sayansi. Olemba izi stilya- asayansi kapena akatswiri ina.
• Mwalamulo - malonda Thiel - ntchito kulankhulana malonda, mu malo ofunda. Kudzera kalembedwe izi kulembetsa mapepala. Komanso kalembedwe la amakhala ndi clichés mawu.
• kalembedwe Journalistic - opezeka pa TV (nkhani malipoti, essays, zokambirana, etc ...). Chifukwa kalembedwe yodziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa mawu ndale komanso, maganizo sewero.
• Kukamba kalembedwe - ntchito kusinthitsa zambiri mu chikhalidwe mwamwayi. Ndi amoyo ndi limaonetseratu.
• kalembedwe Luso - chikupezeka mu mabuku. Mbali Aika - kufotokoza zinthu zing'onozing'ono kudzera zosiyanasiyana chuma chinenero.

Tikhoza kunena kuti mawu ndi masitaelo kulankhula amapanga unit yaikulu ya kulankhulana. Koma zonse mauthenga zambiri muyenera kudziwa za malamulo ndi chikhalidwe cha mawu. Ndipo izo zikanakhala zabwino kutchula njira ya kulankhula monga n'chofunika kwambiri, amene amapereka nzeru kulankhulana.

chilankhulo expressiveness

Mwa chinenero akuti zikutanthauza zipangizo amene ndichichita, kaya ndi zolankhula kapena ntchito zolembedwa, lowala, zokongola, lexical ndi maganizo limaonetseratu. Zida zimenezi ndizo kanjedza stylistic ndi njinga.

Njira amatchedwa kulankhula dongosolo kuti amakulolani kugwiritsa ntchito mawu ndi ziganizo m'njira yophiphiritsa. Iwo anapanga ndi kaphatikizidwe zochitika ziwiri kapena zambiri, zomwe, ngakhale ena ali pafupi, ndipo chizindikiro cha mliriwu akhoza kutchulidwa wina, kulenga kwa iye chithunzi zioneke bwino. Choncho, kulankhula pali ma latsopano ndi makhalidwe ena. Mwachitsanzo, wolemba ndakatulo anati, "yaitali ndi kumulowetsa msewu" m'malo mwa "chilikupita ngalawa".

Tinjira ta akhoza kukhala wophweka kapena zovuta. Basi monga:

• Kuyerekezera - zinthu poyerekezera kapena zochitika amalifotokoza ntchito "monga" wogwirizana "ngati", ndi zina zotero ..
• Epithet - motsimikiza kuti amamangirira zithunzi zazikulu ndi kutengeka.

kudutsa zovuta pali zambiri:

• Fanizo - kuchotsa mawu wina ndi mzake, ofanana katundu ( "chete").
• Metonymy - kusintha dzina contiguity.
• Synecdoche - kugwiritsa ntchito gawo la nkhani monga dzina, ndi mosemphanitsa.
• Zophiphiritsa - njira kusonyeza ena mfundo zithunzi zokongola, monga mamba kuimira chilungamo.
• The Izitu n'zovutitsa - mnyozo. Mauwa agwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira imene amapeza tanthauzo zosiyana.
• Okokomeza - ndakatulo oona.
• Litotes - ndi understatement amphamvu.
• Mofotokozera - kuchotsa mawu pofuna kupewa kubwereza.

Koma manambalawo stylistic, linalembedwa kalembedwe slovooboroty.

Culture wa kulankhula

Lemba analankhula si monga amagwiritsidwa ntchito njira akuti zinenero Komabe, si popanda malamulo. Zimene anthu kulankhula, mukhoza kudziwa chikhalidwe chake. Iwo akhoza kulikankhira interlocutor kapena kukopa chisoni wake. Kuwonjezera mwaluso, munthu ayenera kumvetsera ndi tisasokoneze ndi interlocutor.

Zodyera kugwirizana ndi mawu, ndi zambiri zovuta kuposa angaganize. Zinthu malamulo waukulu ndi izi:

• Kufupika - n'kwabwino kuti tisasokoneze interlocutor owonjezera mawu Musatenge mfundo zothandiza.
• Cholinga - musanayambe kukambirana, muyenera kudziwa cholinga chomwe chikuchitika.
• Zosiyanasiyana - nkhani yomweyo akhoza Anaonetsera anthu osiyana, koma ayenera kuwaganizira payekha.
• N'zosatheka kuyankha mwamwano kuti chipongwe.
• Ndi bwino kuonetsetsa kuti makhalidwe anu kulankhula, munthu akugwiritsa kukambirana kalembedwe, wotaya wake "Ine".

Pomaliza

Nkhani amapatsa yankho ku funso lakuti: "Kodi zolankhula zathu?" The zigawo zikuluzikulu kulankhulana - mawu ndi ziganizo imene anthu kusinthitsa mauthenga zambiri. Komanso ali, kaya olembedwa kapena m'kamwa, akhale olemera ndi yowala. Chifukwa mawu ndi njira yapadera ntchito, kupereka youma maziko zambiri zili m'maganizo. The chigawo chachitatu cha mawu - chikhalidwe chake. Komabe, ichi ndi chinthu mwangwiro m'maganizo, lomwe ndi chiwonetsero cha munthu.