Lifecycle Bovine njoka zam'mimba za matepi. Kapangidwe ka njoka zam'mimba za matepi Bovine

Majeremusi ndi vuto lalikulu zaumoyo m'mayiko ambiri. Tapeworms kupatsira anthu padziko lonse. Ambiri a iwo bullish ndi nkhumba njoka zam'mimba za matepi. Akuluakulu mphutsi amakhala matumbo ndipo samasankha amavutitsa kwambiri. Koma ngati anthu ali ndi matenda cysts (mwana siteji), mukhoza kukhala cysticercosis - matenda zimene zingachititse kuti kuwonongeka kwa ubongo.

Kodi tiziromboti?

Tiziromboti - chamoyo kuti akhala mwa khamu lake ndi ndalama wake. Mavairasi ndi zazing'ono wothandizira onse opatsirana, iwo pafupi 100 nanometers (100 billionths wa mita a) m'litali. Iwo ochepa majini ndi mapuloteni zake, kuti kubereka, ayenera kugonjetsa wina selo dongosolo. Mabakiteriya zimasiyanasiyana kukula ndi mawonekedwe, koma amakhala nthawi osachepera 10 lalikulu kuposa mavairasi. Iwo zamoyo zokhala ndi selo imodzi kuti kubereka okha. majeremusi Multicellular mwina ndi aakulu kwambiri moti Tingaone ndi apoyera. Tapeworms, mwachitsanzo, akhoza kufika kutalika mamita 6 kapena kuposa. Chakudya ndi madzi ndi gwero ambiri kufala tiziromboti. Popeza ambiri a ife tizidya katatu pa tsiku ndi madzi akumwa tsiku lonse, mmene zinthu zimenezi ndi zonse. Nyama, monga anthu, akhoza kachilombo majeremusi. Ndipo iwo ali onyamula waukulu majeremusi. Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti pa 110 miliyoni Pet agalu ndi amphaka lathu dziko oposa theka akhoza kachilombo ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo mitundu ya majeremusi. Popeza deta awa, lingathe kufala kwa matenda parasitic nyama kwa anthu kwambiri. Majeremusi anawagawira mwa dongosolo, mawonekedwe, ntchito ndi mphamvu zoberekera. Zikuphatikizapo tosaoneka zamoyo, roundworms, pinworms ndi tapeworms (nematodes), tapeworms (cestodes) ndi flukes (trematode).

History of anapeza

Bovine njoka zam'mimba za matepi ndi chimodzi mwa majeremusi oyambirira. Ndi tapeworms anayamba kunena kuti mochedwa 1700. Komabe, yeniyeni mkombero moyo wa Bovine njoka zam'mimba za matepi wakhala tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane 1863, pamene ng'ombe anatsimikiza ndi mwini mwachindunji.

Kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe ndi Bovine njoka zam'mimba za matepi: chithunzi

Tiziromboti ali mawonekedwe a yaitali gulu ngati flattened njoka zam'mimba za matepi woyera. awiri ake ndi za 6 7 millimeters. Wamkulu nyongolotsi kawirikawiri amakhala za 1000 zigawo otchedwa proglottids. Mosiyana scolex ndi 4 suckers, ndi ndi matupi chabwinobwino Bovine njoka zam'mimba za matepi. Aliyense Proglottids lili amuna ndi akazi Ziwalo zoberekera, ndi mazira amapangidwa kuchokera mazira, omwe ali ndi kukula kwa 31-43 micrometers. Nthawi makulitsidwe chimakhala cha masabata 5 mpaka 12.

Zinthu bwinobwino kayendedwe ka moyo

Bovine njoka zam'mimba za matepi moyo mkombero zikuphatikizapo chimodzi kapena zingapo wapakatikati makamu. Chosiyana morphological ndi thupi katundu wa tiziromboti wamkulu zimaonetsela pa dzanja limodzi, luso chodabwitsa kupulumuka mu intestine ya inakhala, ndi pa zina - mphamvu zawo kubereka ana. Kayendedwe ka moyo wa njoka zam'mimba za matepi Bovine imavuta ndi angapo a zinthu zofunika kwa bwinobwino:

1. Proglottids wodzazidwa ndi mazira, anamasulidwa mu chilengedwe kudzera chimbudzi.

2. "mimba" zigawo kudutsa mu thupi la ng'ombe, kudya zomera matenda, kotero iwo ali mbali ya thirakiti m'mimba mwa khamu wapakatikati. Michere ndi zidulo opezeka madzi gastro-m'mimba, kuphwanya chotchinga kumatenda ndi kubala kwa mazira 100,000.

3. mazira The kukhala mphutsi, amene anagumula epithelium matumbo ndipo akudutsa thupi la ng'ombe. mphutsi ndiye kulowa minofu minofu, iwo hexacanth wodzazidwa ndi madzimadzi, kupanga cysts.

4. kumaliza zovuta moyo adzizungulira Bovine njoka zam'mimba za matepi (chiwembu limasonyeza momveka bwino kuti) zakhudzana undercooked ng'ombe nyama ayenera kudyedwa munthu (komaliza khamu) kwa kukhudzana ndi dongosolo lawo m'mimba. M'mimba michere Mamatirani chipolopolo mphutsi imatulutsidwa ndi Imatithandiza scolex amatha kutuluka kuchokera kapisozi a. Kenaka zaikidwa pakhoma matumbo. Kenako tiziromboti akuyamba kukula kwa miyezi itatu n'kutheka kuti mamita 5 m'litali. Pa nthawi kukhwima anali kupereka proglottids kuyambanso mkombero moyo wa njoka zam'mimba za matepi Bovine.

Chiwembu cha kayendedwe ka moyo

Makulidwe a tiziromboti kwa gawo wamkulu zambiri yaikulu ndipo zimapanga kuchokera 4.5 kuti mamita 9. Nyongolotsi Bovine njoka zam'mimba za matepi amakhala ku intestine yaing'ono. Munthu kachilombo kawirikawiri amakhala anthu awiri kapena. Angagwirizanitse kwa mpanda wa intestine, ndi tapeworms Gwiritsani ntchito mutu wanu, wotchedwa scolex. Ali pakati pa 1,000 ndi 2,000 thupi zigawo otchedwa proglottids, omwe muli mazira 80 000 100 000, zomwe kupulumuka kwa miyezi yambiri kapena zaka chilengedwe. Pamene nyama kudya zakhudzana zomera mphutsi, mazira kudutsa linga lawo matumbo, kufunafuna mabowo wapadera minofu ndi kukhala kumeneko mu mawonekedwe a cysts madzimadzi odzazidwa, kuti iwo kapisozi zozitetezera. Ngati anthu kudya yaiwisi kapena theka-anaphika ng'ombe nyama munali cysts, cysts amatswa tapeworms wamkulu mu miyezi 2. The wamkulu nyongolotsi Bovine njoka zam'mimba za matepi angathe kukhala zaka zoposa 30.

Gawo

Tapeworms, kuphatikizapo Bovine njoka zam'mimba za matepi (onani chithunzi. Tibwereze), a kalasi Cestoda. Izi ndi gulu la parasitic flatworms, womwenso za 5000 mitundu. Tapeworms zimapezeka padziko lonse ndipo ndi osiyanasiyana kukula kwake 1 mamilimita oposa 15 m. Iwo ali ndi majeremusi mkati mwa mitundu ina ya invertebrates ndi mitundu yonse peresenti, kuphatikizapo anthu, nyama zoweta. Nyongolosi kulibe payokha, ena amafuna chimodzi kapena zingapo wapakatikati makamu pa lifecycle awo. Kapangidwe ka njoka zam'mimba za matepi Bovine, ngati tapeworms ena kumaphatikizapo bilaterally ofananira (m. E. The lamanja ndi lamanzere mbali zofanana). Ena amakhala ndi gawo limodzi yaitali, ena anatchula mutu, kenako nambala ya zigawo zofanana otchedwa proglottids.

njoka zam'mimba za matepi thupi

Bovine njoka zam'mimba za matepi umaimira thupi monga riboni, monga flattened downwards ndi bilaterally (symmetrically). Iwo amakhala ndi kukhalapo kwa atatu zigawo nyongolosi (ectoderm, mesoderm ndi endoderm), kachitidwe kupuma ndi magazi musati otukuka. thupi yokutidwa ndi amphamvu koma kusintha cuticle, samathanso machitidwe mtima ndi kupuma, koma pali amgwirizano mantha dongosolo. Ngakhale tapeworms lalikulu zigwirizana pafupi kwathunthu kwa nyumba ubereki ndi yaing'ono "mutu" kwa ogwiritsa. Akuluakulu zambiri chimodzimodzi thupi kapangidwe. Yotsirizira tichipeza scolex ndi khosi, ndipo ambiri proglottids, amene limatchedwa zigawo. Khosi njoka zam'mimba za matepi ndi bwino chimatanthauza, lalifupi, ndi lopapatiza athandize dera kumbuyo scolex lapansi. Amakhala ndi misa ndi undifferentiated maselo. Ichi ndi dera kukula ndi kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kugawanika, popeza proglottids latsopano anapanga pano. Kapangidwe ka njoka zam'mimba za matepi Bovine mulinso mphamvu mphete ndi misempha lateral anakafika pamodzi kutalika lonse la thupi. Pre-digested mu yaing'ono intestine, chakudya ndicho gwero la chakudya unyolo. Pamwamba okwana thupi la tiziromboti ali kwambiri ndi kukhalapo kwa microvilli.

kubalana

Ngati wina aliyense, vuto moyo wa njoka zam'mimba za matepi Bovine ali ndi cholinga waukulu kupitiriza mtundu. Tapeworms ndi hermaphrodites, mwachitsanzo. A. muli wamkazi ziwalo kugonana amuna ndi m'thupi limodzi, ndipo mwamuna kusasitsa kumabwera koyamba, kotero mbali kutsogolo kwa proglottids ndi okhwima imakhala yokha ziwalo zoberekera wamwamuna. Choncho, iwo adzala kubalana wagawo umene umabala mazira kapena mwa okha-umuna kapena mtanda umuna ndi proglottids ena achikulire. Kenako, kusagwirizana kwa ena thupi. zodabwitsazi ntchito kuchepetsa kutalika kwa tiziromboti lapansi. Akutukuka Ndisanaumbidwe ikuthawa ndi ndowe khamu.

Zizindikiro, zizindikiro ndi matenda a matenda

Infection ndi unyolo Bovine limodzi ndi zizindikiro zokha wofatsa, kuphatikizapo kutsekula m'mimba, kudzimbidwa, bloating, kupweteka m'mimba ndi kuwonda. Kodi madokotala oterewa ndi kuchiza matenda? Mazira ndi proglottids angapezeke mu zitsanzo chopondapo pa Kupenda tosaoneka. Kudziwa ndendende zimene zam'mimba za matepi ndi Bovine kapena nkhumba, m'pofunika kuchotsa ndi kukaziyesa scolexes. Izi kawirikawiri atachita, chifukwa madokotala zambiri mankhwala mankhwala chomwecho kwa mitundu onse a matenda. Helminth Mphutsi cysts minofu ya zimakhala angathe kuonedwa ndi X-ray mapindidwe akuwala njira, ndi kompyuta tomography (ubongo cysts). Kuwunika ikuchitika ku 3 ndi 6 miyezi chithandizo onetsetsani matenda wapita kwathunthu.

Bovine njoka zam'mimba za matepi amachititsa teniarinhoza

Kukhala mu gulu tapeworms Bovine njoka zam'mimba za matepi ndi toyesa lalikulu, kamene kamayambitsa matenda otchedwa teniarinhoza. Iwo nalo dzina lake pa mfundo yakuti, ngati makamu wapakatikati, amagwiritsa ntchito ng'ombe. ANTHU yekha okhazikika zonyamulira. Matendawa zambiri asymptomatic. Mu masiteji aakulu akhoza amayambitsa kutupa zakumapeto ndi ya ndulu ducts. Infection akhoza kunyengerera chitetezo cha m'thupi. Makamaka kwambiri zotsatira mavuto a matenda akhoza kukhala pa thanzi la ana aang'ono. Ng'ombe njoka zam'mimba za matepi matenda amapezeka pali ponse ndipo zimakhalanso wamba mu Africa, Eastern Europe, Latin America ndi Philippines.

chithandizo

Chithandizo ali kale msonkhano mankhwala wapadera mankhwala. Ndi, monga ulamuliro, "fenasal", "praziquantel", "Niclosamide". chithandizo Endoscopic ndi utsogoleli wa mankhwala mwachindunji mu intestine yaing'ono. Izi zimapangitsa tiziromboti kupita chilengedwe kwathunthu.

kupewa

Tapeworms zingachititse matenda matumbo ndipo pathologies ena aakulu. Infection unyolo Bovine angathe kupewedwa ndi kuphika bwino nyama, izi zipangitsa kuti cysts aliyense njoka zam'mimba za matepi anawonongedwa. Kapenanso, n'zotheka amaundana nyama ndi kuligwira pa kutentha m'munsimu -5 ° C kwa masiku angapo. Kupewa Matenda a ng'ombe ndi chakudya m'madera zomera sangathe zakhudzana ndi ndowe za anthu. Odalirika njira kuteteza kuderako kufalikira ndi kudziwa ng'ombe kachilombo. M'pofunikanso kukhalabe wabwino munthu ukhondo ndi kukhala aukhondo, zimene zimaphatikizapo zonse m'manja, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi. aukhondo ndi chinsinsi kuthetseratu matenda padziko lonse.