Antarctica: alionse m'dzikoli. Russian okwerera Antarctic

Wamng'ono anaphunzira ndipo ambiri yovuta kontinenti Padziko Lapansi - Antarctica. Chiwerengero cha Africa ndi mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera kwa anthu 1 mpaka 4 zikwi. Za zinthu zofunika kwambiri, mbiri ndi chitukuko cha anthu a "ayezi" kumtunda kuwerenga nkhaniyi wathu.

Antarctica: mwachidule za Africa ndi zinthu zake

Popeza kuti izi Africa kunkafika pachimake pa dziko, iwo amadziwa pafupifupi chilichonse. Ndi pa m'gawo lake (mu Russian kumalo ozizira "Vostok" siteshoni) chinalembedwa kutentha kunsi kwa mpweya mu dziko - madigiri 89,2 ndi chizindikiro "opanda".

Koma kuti mbiri ina ya Antarctica zindikira ochepa. Choncho, kumtunda alinso driest, wapamwamba ndi mphepo kwambiri mu dziko. Inde, ndi kupanda kumwa madzi anali ndi vuto lalikulu kwa onse amene angayerekeze kuti akagonjetse kukula kwa Africa lotchedwa Antarctica. Chiwerengero cha Chile alinso peculiarities yake. Komabe, izi nkhani zotsatirazi.

Tikumbukenso kuti Antarctica ndi zinthu zake zachilengedwe simuli aliyense wa maiko a dziko. Ngakhale kalelo ufumu anayesa kukhazikitsa ulamuliro pa chimodzi kapena mbali ina m'dzikoli. Mu 1991, gulu la dziko kwavomelezedwa protocol wapadera, mmodzi wa nkhani imene imaletsa ntchito iliyonse zachuma m'gawo la Antarctica (makamaka pa zomwe subsoil ake wachuma). Komabe, anthu a dzikoli ndi kale kwambiri bwinobwino wa wosaperewera chuma ambiri mchere. Choncho, samadziwika yaitali bwanji protocol adzakhala mu mphamvu.

Antarctica: anthu Africa ndi makhalidwe ake

Zisindikizo, terns Arctic, skuas ndi anyani mfumu - awa ndi anthu ambiri a mu ozizira. Isanafike chiyambi cha geographers XIX m'ma bwinobwino werengani mndandanda wa nyama ndi kuyankha funso: "Ndani amakhala ku Antarctica" Komabe, mu 1820 onse wasintha kwambiri: m'thambo m'dzikoli kwa nthawi yoyamba phazi munthu.

Amene amakhala ku Antarctica lero? Nanga kukula kwa chonse cha anthu ake?

Nthawi yomweyo mtengo munene kuti Antarctic alibe anthu okhazikika chifukwa zinthu kwambiri moti nyengo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti Africa kumene kuli asayansi okha, ndodo ndi alendo. Onse kukhala pano mongoyembekezera.

Kodi anthu ambiri amakopeka Antarctica? Chiwerengero cha Africa ndi za anthu zikwi m'nyengo yozizira. M'nyengo yotentha angafikire chiwerengero cha anthu 4,000. Kumtunda, wotchuka kwambiri English, French, Russian ndi Spanish.

Mu 1978, pano kwa nthawi yoyamba mwana anabadwa munthu. Iwo anali nzika ya Argentina, Emilio Marcos Palma. Koma mu 2007, Antarctica anali woyambirira wa ukwati.

Mbiri ya chitukuko m'dzikoli. Russian Antarctica

Mbiri ya Russian chitukuko cha Africa inayamba mu 1819 pamene Kronstadt anapita ulendo kum'mwera kutsogoleredwa ndi Bellingshausen ndi Lazarev. Zinali iye amene anatsegula Africa chimodzi ndi dziko. ndi chidwi chachikulu Antarctica anasonyeza Russian Ufumu wa XIX mochedwa - oyambirira XX atumwi, ndi kukonza angapo Maulendo lalikulu sayansi.

Mu 1946, monga ena a mbiri yakale unachitikira nkhondo lalikulu lankhondo pa Antarctica. Tikachoka lachiwiri World nkhondo anali akadali ogwirizana - United States ndi Soviet Union - anatumizidwa ku gombe la Africa squadron lankhondo lamphamvu zedi. Chifukwa, American ulendo anabwerera si mphamvu zonse. Komabe, mfundo za nkhondo ya Antarctic akadali sikukudziŵika ndi kulemera maganizo.

Russian okwerera Antarctic

Pakali pano, 30 limati ndi masiteshoni a kafukufuku Antarctica. Ena mwa iwo ndi Russia, amene ali asanu zapansi ngati kumtunda. Izi ndi "East" siteshoni "Patsogolo", "Bellingshausen", "Novolazarevskaya", "Youth", "Mtendere" ndi "Leningrad". Aliyense wa iwo ndi chidwi chake.

Choncho, pamalopa "Vostok" mu 1983 iwo unali Mtheradi mbiri otsika olembedwa kutentha pa Dziko Lapansi. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa aakulu (mawu a nyengo) malo padziko lathuli. Posachedwapa, "Pole wa Cold" anali chokongoletsedwa ndi fano la Lenin - ndi kum'mwera kwambiri mu dziko.

Pa zina Russian siteshoni "Bellingshausen", woyamba pa Africa Orthodox inamangidwa mu 2004. Koma "Novolazarevskaya" monyadira yekha pa Africa Russian kusamba!

Koma yaikulu ya Russian Antarctic lero siteshoni "Patsogolo". Iwo akuchita kafukufuku, kayendetsedwe ndi ntchito panali. Pali analengedwa malo masewera zazikulu ofufuza kumalo ozizira ndi anthunzi otulutsirako thukuta, zipangizo zachipatala ndi makina osiyanasiyana thupi.