Zipinda mtima wa munthu: malongosoledwe, kapangidwe, ntchito ndi mitundu

Mtima - ichi ndi chiwalo chofunika kwambiri mu thupi la munthu. Wakhala kuphunzira ndi asayansi m'minda yonse ya nzeru. Anthu akuyesera kuti apeze njira kutalikitsa thanzi la minofu mtima, kusintha ntchito zake. Chidziwitso cha thunthu, Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa ndi kudwala za mtima, ngakhale munthu wamba savutika kumvetsa njira zimene zimachitika m'thupi mwathu. Kodi zipinda mu mtima wa munthu ambiri? Kodi kuyamba ndi kutha kufalitsa zokhudza zonse? Monga aziwapatsa magazi mtima? mafunso awa onse adzapezeka yankho m'nkhani ino.

mtima thunthu

The mtima ndi chikwama atatu wosanjikiza. Kunja, izo chimakwirira pericardium (zitetezeni Thumba) pakuti ndi myocardium (minofu kudula) ndi endocardium (woonda mucous mbale kuphimba mkati mwa zipindazo mtima).

Mu thupi thupi ili pakati pa chifuwa. Iye penapake adasokera olamulira umodzi, motero iwo anasiya. The mtima imakhala makamera - cavities anayi cholukanalukana mwa mavavu. Izi awiri atrium (kumanja ndi kumanzere) ndi ventricles awiri amene ali pansi pawo. Pakati pawo, iwo ankasiyana mavavu, amene Popewa otaya n'zosiyana magazi.

Makoma a ventricles ndi chachikulu kuposa mpanda wa atria, ndi buku ndinu wamkulu, kuyambira ntchito zawo akankhidwira ndi magazi vasculature, pamene matenda ankangokhala kuvomereza madzi.

Features ya kapangidwe ka mtima mwa mwana wosabadwayo ndi akhanda

Kodi zipinda zambiri mu mtima wa munthu, amene asanabadwe? Iwo ali anayi, koma atria kulankhulana wina ndi mnzake mu kutsegula chowulungika mu septum lapansi. Pa siteji ya embryogenesis, m'pofunika kuchotsa magazi kuchokera mumtima ufulu kumanzere, monga kufalitsa m'mapapo mwanga palibe - kuyatsa osati anaweramuka. Koma magazi mu dongosolo osauka kupuma zikupitilirabe, ndipo umapita molunjika kuchokera msempha kudzera m'njira wolumikizira.

Komiti yoopsa mtima n'kakang'ono ndipo kwambiri poyerekeza ndi munthu wamkulu, ndipo yafupika peresenti makumi atatu okha a misa okwana m'mnyewa wamtima. Ntchito yake kumagwirizana ndi chiphaso cha shuga mu m'magazi a mayi ngati mtima minofu mwana amagwiritsa monga gawo lapansi zatu.

kotunga magazi ndipo makope

Yobweretsa magazi a myocardium kumachitika nthawi ya systole, pamene magazi igwera mu zotengera lalikulu. Mitsempha ya zipinda mtima zili kwambiri myocardium lapansi. Large mtsempha wamagazi inatsekeratu achoke mwachindunji kwa msempha, ndipo pamene ventricles, magazi kuchokera mu mtima ufa. Ngati njira imeneyi pa chilichonse wa magawo ndi akusokoneza ndi m'mnyewa wamtima infarction.

zipinda anthu mtima kuchita ikukoka ntchito. Ku maganizo a sayansi, iwo basi kupopa madzi bwalo chatsekedwa. The mavuto analengedwa mu M'mimbamo kumanzere yamitsempha yamagazi, magazi abwera pa kuchepa ake inapita kuti akafika ngakhale capillaries zazing'ono.

The awiri lodziwika kufalitsidwa:

- lalikulu, anafuna kupereka zimakhala wa thupi;

- ang'ono, ntchito mwapadera mu m'mapapo mwanga kuwombola mpweya ndi zogwiriziza.

Afferent ndi ziwiya efferent ali yense chipinda mtima. Kodi magazi ukuyenda mwa bwalo lalikulu la magazi? Kuchokera kumanzere atrium madzimadzi akulowa ventricle lamanzere, ndipo mmenemo, potero kukula kuthamanga mu M'mimbamo lapansi. Akafika 120 mmAq, semilunar vavu alekanitsa ventricle kwa msempha ndi kukodzedwa, ndi mwazi akulowa makope zokhudza zonse. Pambuyo capillaries onse ali odzazidwa, pali ndondomeko ya kupuma ma ndi zakudya. Ndiye, kudzera mu dongosolo venous, magazi umayenda ku mtima, kapena kani, mu atrium bwino. Kuti izo yabwino chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi vena cava, kusonkhanitsa magazi kuchokera lake lonse. Pamene madzimadzi amasonkhana okwanira kuchuluka, izo amalowa ventricle bwino.

Kuyambira imayambira kufalitsa m'mapapo mwanga. Zimalimbikitsa wa carbon dioxide ndi mankhwala kagayidwe kachakudya, magazi akulowa thunthu m'mapapo mwanga. Ndipo kuchokera pamenepo kwa mitsempha ndi capillaries a m'mapapo. Pambuyo gematoalveolyarny chotchinga mpweya kuwombola amapezeka ndi chilengedwe kunja. Kale mpweya kulemera magazi Umabwerera kwa atrium kumanzere, kubwerera mu makope zokhudza zonse. The mkombero lonse zimatenga masekondi makumi atatu.

ntchito mkombero

Kuti thupi nthawi zonse amalandira zakudya zofunikira ndi zipinda mpweya wa mtima kuti azigwirizana kwambiri. Pali chikhalidwe ena a kanthu.

1. systole - chidule cha ventricles lapansi. Iwo kugawidwa m'mbali zingapo:

• Voteji: myofibers umodzi yafupika, kuthamanga mu ukuwonjezeka M'mimbamo, valavu pakati pa atrium ndi ventricle kutsekedwa. Chifukwa kuchepetsa munthawi yomweyo ulusi onse minofu, kasinthidwe kusintha M'mimbamo, kuthamanga limatuluka kuti 120 mmAq.
• Kuchotsedwa: lotseguka mavavu semilunar - magazi akulowa msempha ndi thunthu m'mapapo mwanga. Kuthamanga mu ventricles ndi atria pang'onopang'ono kusalaza, ndipo magazi kwathunthu masamba zipinda m'munsi za mtima.

2. Diastole - zosangalatsa infarction, ndi nthawi iyi ya phwando chabe magazi. The mtima zipinda chapamwamba kulankhula ndi ziwiya kubweretsa ndi kudziunjikira wina kuchuluka kwa magazi. Ndiye mavavu atrioventricular atsegulidwa, ndi madzimadzi amalowa ventricles lapansi.

Matenda a matenda mu dongosolo ndi ukugwirira ntchito ya mtima

1. Electrocardiography. Izi chonse cha zochitika zamakono zimene zigwirizana pamodzi ndi minofu chidule. zipinda za mtima zigwirizana cardiomyocytes kuti musanadye chidule kupanga angathe kuchitapo kanthu. Kuti, ndi ma elekitironi ndi mapulani superimposed pa chifuwa. Kudzera njira imeneyi, kulingalira angazindikire aakulu wonongeka mtima, kuwonongeka ake organic kapena zinchito (infarction, M'mimbamo wachiwiri thambo pamaso pa kuchepetsedwa zina).
2. Auscultation. Kumvetsera kugunda inali njira yakale kwambiri kuti awulule matenda ake. Madokotala odziwa mothandizidwa ndi munthu mmodzi yekha pa njira akhoza kudziwa zambiri za kuvutika structural ndi zinchito.
3. Ultrasound bwino. Timatha inu kuwona kapangidwe ka zipinda mtima, kugawa magazi, pamaso pa zopindika minofu ndi mfundo zina zambiri zothandizira matenda. njira zachokera chakuti mafunde akupanga anasonyeza zina zosafunika (mafupa, minofu yake, parenchyma) muyende momasuka mwa madzi.

matenda a mtima

Monga chiwalo ena alionse, mtima wa zaka kudziunjikira kusintha pathological zimene zimachititsa kuti chitukuko cha matenda. Ngakhale ndi moyo wathanzi ndi kuwunika zonse za umoyo, palibe amene sangayesedwe ndi mavuto ndi dongosolo mtima. njira Pathological likhoza kulumikizidwa ndi kukanika kwa chiwalo kapena dongosolo, kugwila mmodzi, awiri kapena atatu a chigoba chake.

Kuonetsetsa zotsatirazi mitundu nosological wa pathologies:

- arrhythmias ndi mtima magetsi conduction (arrythmia, anatseka misewu fibrillation);

- matenda yotupa: endo-, myo-, peri-, pancarditis;

- anapeza kapena malformations kobadwa nako;

- matenda oopsa ndi kuvulala ischemic;

- zotupa mtima;

- kusintha pathological mpanda m'mnyewa wamtima.

Mtundu yotsirizira ya kudwala m'pofunika disassemble kwambiri chifukwa ali paubwenzi mwachindunji kwa zipinda za mtima.

Dilatation mwa zipindazo mtima

M'kupita kwa nthawi, myocardium imene imagwiritsidwa khoma la chipinda mtima, zikhoza pansi kusintha pathological, monga kwambiri anatambasula kapena thickening. Ichi ndi chifukwa cholephera wa asilikali compensatory kulola ntchito thupi pa overloads kwambiri (oopsa, kuchuluka kwa buku magazi kapena ndende).

Zimayambitsa cardiomyopathy dilated monga:

1. Matenda a etiologies zosiyanasiyana (bowa, tizilombo, mabakiteriya, tizilombo).
2. Poizoni (mowa, mankhwala, zitsulo).
3. Zokhudza zonse connective minofu matenda (enaake ophwanya malungo, zokhudza zonse lupus erythematosus).
4. A chotupa cha zopangitsa kwa adrenal.
5. Cholowa akulu dystrophy.
6. Pamaso pa kagayidwe kachakudya kapena endocrine matenda.
7. matenda majini (idiopathic).

Kukula kwa ventricles ndi

Chifukwa chachikulu yowonjezera ventricle kumanzere ndi magazi ake zikusefukira. Ngati vavu semilunar chawonongeka, kapena kukwera msempha ndi mwapang'ono, minofu mtima adzafunika nthawi ndi khama kutulutsa madzi mu dongosolo njira. Part magazi anachoka mu ventricle, ndi nthawi, lidakali. Chifukwa chachiwiri angakhale matenda kapena kudwala ulusi minofu, chifukwa cha zomwe n'kakang'ono mtima khoma amakhala flabby ndi si angathe kuchepetsa.

Kumanja ventricle achuluke mu kukula chifukwa mavuto ndi valavu wa m'mapapo mwanga mtsempha wamagazi kuthamanga ndi kuwonjezeka mu makope m'mapapo mwanga. Pamene ziwiya m'mapapo ndizowonda kwambiri, gawo la magazi kwa thunthu m'mapapo mwanga kubwerera ventricle lapansi. Panthawi imeneyi gawo latsopano la utuluke madzimadzi ku atrium ndi makoma chipinda ndi anatambasula. Komanso, anthu ena ali ndi zofooka kubadwa kwa mtsempha wamagazi ndi m'mapapo mwanga. Zimenezi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka zonse kuthamanga mu ventricle bwino ndi kuonjezera buku ake.

Kukula kwa atria ndi

Chifukwa cha kukula kwa atrium kumanzere ndi kudwala kuli nthambi: ndi atrioventricular kapena semilunar. Pofuna kukankhira magazi ventricle mwa kabowo, muyenera gulu lalikulu ndi nthawi, kotero magazi ena amakhalabe atrium lapansi. Pang'ono ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi yotsalira ndi chinawonjezeka ndi chidutswa watsopano wa magazi akutambasula khoma mtima chipinda. Chifukwa chachiwiri cha kukula kwa kumanzere atrium khoma akutali matenda fibrillation. Pankhaniyi, pathogenesis si bwino.

The atrium bwino lomwe lakamba zambiri pamaso pa matenda oopsa m'mapapo mwanga. Pamene ziwiya m'mapapo mwanga ndi mwapang'ono, zikuoneka kuti ndigwirizane akuponya magazi mu ventricle bwino. Ndipo pakuti kale wodzazidwa ndi gawo latsopano la madzimadzi, kuthamanga pa makoma chipinda kumawonjezera. Atrioventricular vavu alibe kuima natembenukira mkati mpaka kunja. Popeza magazi umayenda kubwerera atrium lapansi. Mu malo chachiwiri ndi olumala mtima. Pankhaniyi wosweka anatomical thupi dongosolo, kotero kulumikiza zotheka pakati atria awiri ndi magazi kusanganikirana. Zimenezi zimabweretsa hyperinflation kugonjetsedwa makoma ndi kukula kwawo.

Kukula kwa msempha

Kung'ambika aneurysm chingachitike n'chiyani yowonjezera kumanzere ventricle patsekeke. Kumachitika mu malo khoma chotengera ambiri thinned. Okwera zoipazi stiffness ozungulira minofu chifukwa atherosclerosis, kuchuluka katundu pa mbali untenable a linga mtima. Sacciform protrusion aumbike, amene amalenga kugwedezekagwedezeka zina za magazi. Aneurysm ngozi chifukwa chophukacho mwadzidzidzi ndipo magazi mkati, komanso gwero la magazi kuundana.

dilation chithandizo

Anatinso mankhwala lagawidwa zachipatala ndi opaleshoni. Popeza mapiritsi kuchepetsa mtima anatambasula kamera sachiza, mankhwala imatsogoleredwa pa causative Chinthu: kutupa, kuthamanga kwa magazi, misempha, atherosclerosis kapena matenda a m'mapapo. Odwala ayenera kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi ndiponso timatsatira ndi ganizo la dotoloyo. Komanso, mankhwala wodwala woonda magazi kuti atsogolere ndimeyi ake kudzera kusintha kwa zipinda mtima.

Kuti njira opaleshoni zikuphatikizapo implantation wa stimulator, amene amathandiza kuti kuchepetsa bwino maganizo a linga mtima.

kupewa

Pofuna kupewa chitukuko cha kudwala m'mnyewa wamtima ndikofunikira kugwira malamulo zofunika:

- kusiya zizolowezi zoipa (fodya, mowa);

- kusunga ulamuliro wa ntchito ndi mpumulo;

- kudya bwino;

Tikabwerera pang'ono m'mbuyo funso athu angati zipinda mu mtima wa munthu? Pamene magazi akamayendetsa thupi? chakudya ndi mtima wotani? Ndipo kodi ntchito yonse? Tikukhulupirira kuti pambuyo kuwerenga thunthu zovuta ndi Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa thupi wakhala pang'ono bwino.