Yuri Dombrowski: yonena kuti mabuku abwino kwambiri, zochitika zazikulu ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Tsoka la anthu ambiri woyenera nthawi yake kumira mu wobisala. Ndi zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri, chifukwa iwo ankakhoza kuwaphunzitsa m'badwo panopa kwenikweni moyo. Moyo ndi Works Yuriya Dombrovskogo chosalungama aiwala ndi achotsa kwa mabuku mabuku.

Kudziwana loyamba

Kodi mukudziwa munthu, monga Yuri Dombrowski? Mlembi wa wotchuka kwambiri, koma nayenso amalankhula modzichepetsa za ntchito yake. Ndani uyu mlendo?

Russian wolemba, novelist mabuku wotsutsa - ameneyo ndiye Yuriy Osipovich Dombrovsky. Wambiri, mndandanda wa mabuku - zonsezi ndi chidwi kwa nthawi yoyamba. Chabwino, tione mndandanda wa ntchito zake;

• "Derzhavin".
• "Mkhalidwe wa zinthu zosafunikira."
• "Dona mdima."
• "Monkey atadza pa mutu wake."
• "Anapempha a Antiquities."
• "Kubadwa kwa khoswe."
• "Muuni".

Wambiri: chiyambi

Yuri Dombrowski anabadwa mu Moscow mu May 1909, ku banja la anthu anzeru. Mayi anali zamoyo, ndi atate wake - ndi loya. Popeza anafika msinkhu winawake, achinyamata Yuri akulowa hvostovskuyu pasukuluyo inali mu Krivoarbatsky kanjira. Woyenera maphunzirowo wake, wayamba kupita pa maphunziro apamwamba mabuku, ndipo mu 1932 iwo bwinobwino maphunziro.

Kumangidwa ndi kuthamangitsidwa

Chaka 1933 anali wachisoni kwambiri. Yuri Dombrowski anagwidwa ndi kutumizidwa ku Moscow. The chifukwa ichi anatumikira mbendera zovuta kuzimvetsa opezeka George dormitory chipinda. Mwachibadwa, anali chabe chonamizira, ndipo zifukwa anachitikira athamangitsidwe, ife nkomwe konse. Amene ankadziwa Yuri, amasonyeza kuti athamangitsidwe mu Alma-Ata, analandira chifukwa cha mawu ake nkhanza maulamuliro onse. Ena m'gulu kukana chidwi Dombrowski zandale.

moyo umapitilira

Ngakhale a moyo, mu mzinda watsopano Yuriy Dombrovsky anayesa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Iye ankagwira ntchito katswiriyo ndi, mtolankhani, luso wotsutsa, mphunzitsi. Yuri anakwatira mkazi wokongola, philology, koma ana a banja sanali.

Komabe, bingu, ndipo mu 1937 munthu wofuna kutenga pansi kufufuza. Patangotha miyezi yochepa, iye kwathunthu asakhalenso anthu. Yuri ndiye kum'masula. Posachedwapa zinthu idzakhala maziko a mabuku ake awiri.

Munda zolembalemba ndi kumangidwa wotsatira

Mlembi akuyamba kufalitsa mu nyuzipepala "Kazakhstanskaya Pravda" ndi magazini "zolembalemba Kazakhstan" pansi pa dzina lenileni - Yuri Dombrowski. Books sizinathe Chidawaononga kwathunthu, koma kale lofalitsidwa gawo loyamba la buku lake "Derzhavin" ndipo kumbuyo mipiringidzo. Mu 1939, iye anamangidwa kachiwiri, ndipo akutumikira chiganizo m'misasa Kolyma.

Kutulutsidwa, odana ndi lopondereza buku ndi kumangidwa

Ine ndinabwera mu 1943. Kodi tsopano wotanganidwa ndi Yuri Dombrowski? yonena amakhala kukhota latsopano. Wolemba anamuchotsera pansi m'ndende, ndi Yuri umabwerera kwa Alma-Ata kuchita zinthu ed. Komanso, iye lectured pa yunivesite ntchito za William Shakespeare. Nthawi yomweyo m'pofunika kulemba mabuku monga "Monkey atadza pa mutu wake" ndi "Dona mdima." The loyamba la mabuku munali kutchulidwa maganizo odana lopondereza.

1949 chinali kumangidwa chachinayi, chifukwa cha amene anali ngati umboni wa Irina mfuti - ndi mtolankhani wa "Komsomolskaya Pravda". Yuri anatumizidwa ku mapeto a North - Ozerlag.

Potsirizira pake, atatha zaka katundu anakhala payekha North, wolemba linatuluka mu 1955. Panthawi imeneyi, kumakhaladi bata, moyenera ndi azindikira kuti boma analibe kusiya. Iye anali kuyesera kulemba choonadi, uzani anthu, koma nthawi zonse chitsulo dzanja la akuluakulu anamupeza manyazi ndi kuwonongedwa. Pambuyo kumangidwa ndi magulu Yuri nthawi zonse obadwanso mwauzimu, kuti tidziwenso chilakolako kulenga. Sikutheka kuti kuwunika smoldered, koma nthawi iliyonse iye anachita izo. Ndi zovuta kupeza mwamuna ndi chifuniro kukhala ndi chilakolako kulenga.

Amaona zonse, diso la akuluakulu anaona kusintha mu wolemba. Moyo anaphwanya, koma sanali kusiya. Yuri anatilola kumakhala mumzinda wakwawo - Moscow. Pali anapitiriza ntchito yake zolembalemba, koma mwakachetechete ndi nthawi. Koma, ngakhale, iye sanasinthe maganizo ake, waphunzira kuti kuwabisa.

Chidwi zokhudza moyo

Pamene Yuri analemba buku "Monkey atadza pa mutu wake," zolembedwa anapangidwa kwa atolankhani. Komabe, wolemba wotsatira kumangidwa anatsogolera chakuti mipukutu ake onse analandidwa akuluakulu. Pamene wolemba anamasulidwa mu Moscow, ndiko kuti, pambuyo sanaonetse zaka zambiri, ndinazindikira kuti iye osadziwika. Dzina munthu uyu anakhalabe sanathetsedwe. Iye anabweretsa wopulumutsidwa Yuri pamanja, ngakhale malinga ndi lamulo ankafunika kuutentha.

Yuri anatenga amphamvu kwambiri wotchuka buku ndi Solzhenitsyn. M'makalatamo analemba kuti wolemba limawayamikira ndi chinyozo boma atumiki ndi limasonyeza woona ndi yabwino. Yuri anatsogolera chakuti munthu yemwe analemba mabuku amenewa, iye anali mu msasa chabe "zisanu ndi chimodzi" mphamvu pa anthu.

Pa moyo wake, kosakhala chifukwa limasonyeza, woyambitsa malemba wapadera ndipo anavutika alipidwa nkhanza anthu. Izo nthawi zambiri monga kumenyedwa, koma kupita ku polisi mawu adzakhala chabe kupusa. Zinthu sanapangidwe anthu, ndipo pang'onopang'ono ndinaiwala za iwo.

Komanso, wolemba anali ndi chandamale cha ozunza wa KGB. Ndi pang'ono kudziwika Ndipotu, ndi kokha banja ankadziwa kuti munthu amene ankafuna kuchita kokha, tsiku lililonse la moyo wake anapita pansi mfuti.

A pang'ono za mabuku wotchuka

"Anapempha a Antiquities"

Yuri Dombrowski, amene mabuku zimaikidwa zedi ochepa, osataya chikhulupiriro, ndipo akupitiriza kulemba. Mu 1964 anafalitsa buku "Anapempha a Antiquities," limene ndi dzina chabe limafotokoza Zopatsa wake cheerless anamuponya kunja kwa Moscow.

"Mkhalidwe wa zinthu zosafunika"

Bukuli unayambitsidwa mu 1964 chomwecho. Anakhala pamwamba kulenga wolemba. Pamene mwamaliza buku la mu 1975, wolemba sanathe kuzilengeza kunyumba, choncho patatha zaka zitatu lofalitsidwa mu France mu Russian.

Akamanena za mankhwala amene amabwera ndi makhalidwe achikhristu mu dziko wodyerana. The zilembo zazikulu - ichi "cogs" a dongosolo Stalinist kuti nthawi zonse ntchito pa boma.

imfa

Pambuyo amasulidwe mpatuko wolemba wake anali anamenyedwa koopsa, moyo Anapachikidwa mu muyezo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, iye anafa mu chipatala ku magazi wamphamvu mkati mu May 1978. Kukhazikitsa chizindikiro cha omenya angapo analephera. choncho mofulumira bata ndi palibe wina adziwa maina woona wa wakupha wa munthu wamkulu. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti kumenyedwa zinachitika pafupi Writers 'House, zomwe anauzidwa ndi Yuri.

Achibale m'manda wolemba pa Kuzminskiy manda ku Moscow. Atamwalira wolembayo ntchito zake anaona dziko. Atatu mabuku wosindikiza xamwali wa wolemba.