Nkhondo ya Borodino

Nkhondo ya Borodino amakhala ndi mbiri yakale monga kulimbana aukali ndi wamagazi. Mu nkhondo ya magulu awiri ankhondo lotsutsa mayiko anayamba - Russia ndi France. Russian asilikali ndiye analamula Mikhail Kutuzov, asilikali French anali pansi pa lamulo la Napoleon Bonaparte.

Nkhondo ya Borodino mu 1812 anali mwachangu. Nkhondo yaikulu anatenga gawo pa mbali zonse za dongosolo la anthu 300 zikwi, ndi ntchito pafupifupi 1,200 mfuti.

Iwo anayamba nkhondo ya Borodino, 110 Km kumadzulo kwa Moscow. A tsiku kale m'mudzi Shevardino Russian avant-garde anachedwa Kukwezeleza French asilikali. Choncho, mphamvu yaikulu ya asilikali Russian anali anatha kupeza kufalikira munda wa Borodino. Napoleon anapezerapo kuukira m'bandakucha pa 25 August.

Nkhondo ya Borodino 1812 TH mwazi osiyana ndi kuwawa. Kenako, Napoleon analankhula za iye monga zoopsa kwambiri za nkhondo zonse zimene iye anayamba anapereka.

Russian asilikali zomvetsa analipo oposa 44 zikwi French - anthu 58 sauzande. Malinga ndi ziwerengero ndiwofatsa, nthawi zonse nkhondo kupha pafupifupi 2,500 anthu.

Kutuzov, pozindikira laling'onolo, anali kupeza omasuka kwambiri pa njira Mozhaisk Tsarevo-Zaymische malo. Forward alonda pasadakhale anakumana anatumizidwa. August 22 Kutuzov anali akukhudzidwa ndi udindo mayeso ndipo anauza za mtima wake.

malo anasankha adzateteza njira zazikulu zonse, zimene zinachititsa kuti Moscow. Flanks kulambalala kunali kosatheka: kumanja chidafundidwa ndi Moscow Mtsinje, lamanzere - lamba nkhalango. Kunama patsogolo m'dera view zabwino kwambiri ndipo anapereka mwayi kuyamba shelling ngati n'koyenera. N'zochititsa chidwi zinasokoneza ndi ayendetsa wa French asilikali kutsogolo kwa zigwembe ndi mtsinje kutsogolo.

Borodino malo n'zochepa mkulu wa French. Napoleon akhoza kukhala ozama mozungulira pamaso lonse, koma izi zingachititse kwambiri anatambasula ndi chifooke mphamvu.

Choncho, nkhondo ya Borodino zinachitika pa mtunda akumane kuti asilikali a ku France. Napoleon anakakamizika kuvomereza nkhondo pa zinthu Kutuzov.

Wotchuka Nkhondo ya Borodino anayamba pa August 26 pa zisanu ndi chimodzi m'mawa anadabwa kuukira General Delzona. Pafupifupi imodzi, ndi French inapha nkhonya yaikulu Bagration (Semenov) amatuluka, ndi zapamwamba zida zankhondo malinga mu dongosolo lonse kumbuyo pa pambali yakumanzere. mkanganowo ndi koopsa kwambiri, zinali pafupifupi mpaka masana umenewu. Pofuna kuponyera mdani, Russian asilikali okwera pamahatchi, oyenda ndi zida zankhondo atathamangitsidwa kuukira angapo. Tengani lamulo m'malo anavulazidwa Bagration, Konovnitsyn, ndipo akuona zinthu, anawalamula kuti achoke amatuluka ndi kunyamuka kwa Semenov chigwa.

Madzulo, munthu wogwidwa kuswa chitetezo pa pambali yakumanzere ya asilikali Russian, Napoleon chitaya kuukira apakavalo Corps Nansouty ndi Latour-Maubourg. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Kutuzov analamula kuti atenge lamulo la pambali yakumanzere ya mkulu General Dokhturov, amene anali wokhoza mwaluso ndi nthawi kuti akonzekeretse asilikali Semenovskoe misanje.

Ngakhale kuti sikunali kotheka kuti nthawi zina French atalanda m'mudzi Semenov, kuswa anasiya pambali pawo.

M'mawa, likulu malo (batire Rajewski) Russian asilikali anali anaukira kawiri, koma kuukira onse anali atathamangitsidwa. Komabe, ndi madzulo pano kumanzere izo amalenga zinthu zisaipe kwambiri kachiwiri. Kutuzov analamula kuti kupatukana mbali ya asilikali anaukira kumanzere pambali ya French. zosangalatsa Izi sikuti kukusokonezani mbali ya asilikali Napoleon, koma anaperekanso ndi breather asilikali Russian.

Masana, batire Rajewski anali ataukiranso. Kavalo Caulaincourt, anagunda kutalika pakati, anamutenga iye.

Nkhondo mbienda kusogolo kufikira kumaulo. Kumapeto kwa nkhondo wolemekezeka zida zankhondo za asilikali Russian. Iye anapanga "chete" a French. Onse ankhondo ndi kutha kwa tsiku anakhalabe pa nkhondo.