Yellow Star: Zitsanzo kusiyana ndi nyenyezi mtundu

nyenyezi iliyonse - chikasu, buluu kapena wofiira - ndi red-hot mpira mpweya. gulu la makono a nyenyezi yochokera magawo angapo. Zikuphatikizapo pamwamba kutentha, kukula ndi kuwala. Mtundu wa nyenyezi kuonekera pa usiku wowala bwino, zimadalira kwenikweni pa chizindikiro choyamba. Nyali yotentha buluu kapena buluu, ndi kunkafika pachimake - wofiira. nyenyezi Yellow, zitsanzo zomwe zimatchulidwa pansipa, zatenga malo pakati pa sikelo kutentha. Mwa kuwala izi alowa ndi dzuwa.

kusiyana

Thupi, mkangano kutentha osiyana zimatulutsa kuwala ndi timaganiza wosiyana. chizindikiro ichi akufunitsitsa ndipo zimadalira anthu diso mtundu. Wamfupi oti timaganiza, thupi otentha kwambiri ndi mtundu woyera, ndi buluu. Ichi ndi choona pa nyenyezi.

Kuwala kofiira ndi ozizira. Pamwamba kutentha ukufika madigiri atatu okha zikwi. nyenyezi Yellow ngati dzuwa athu, kale otentha. photosphere yake usavutike 6000º. magetsi White red-hot ngakhale patali - kuchokera madigiri 10 kuti 20 chikwi. Ndipo potsiriza, nyenyezi buluu ndi yotentha. Pamwamba kutentha ukufika pakati pa 30 ndi 100 zikwi madigiri.

makhalidwe General

Yellow nyenyezi, mayina ambiri a omwe odziwika ndi anthu kutali zakuthambo, asayansi apeza lalikulu zedi. Iwo amasiyana kukula, misa, luminosity, ndi makhalidwe ena ena. Common kwa matupi amenewa - kuti kutentha pamwamba.

Yellow kuwala angathe kukhala mu njira ya kusanduka. Komabe, ambiri a nyenyezi amenewa lili waukulu ndondomeko Hertzsprung-Russell chithunzi. Izi otchedwa atumiki chikasu, monga dzuwa.

Nyenyezi yaikulu ya dongosolo

Atumiki zounikira ngati otchedwa chifukwa cha kukula ochepa. Sun awiri ndi zaka 1,39 x 10 ⁹ m, misa - 1,99 x 10 ³⁰ kg. Onse magawo ali kwambiri kuposa khalidwe la Dziko koma m'mlengalenga, si chinachake kuchokera wamba. Pali nyenyezi ina chikasu chitsanzo pansipa, ndiye kuposa dzuwa kukula.

Pamwamba kutentha kwa kuwala kwathu ukufika 6 tysyach Kelvin. Sun amatanthauza kawalidwe kalasi G2V. Ndipotu limatulutsa pafupifupi zoyera kuwala Komabe, chifukwa chikhalidwe cha m'mlengalenga lathuli ndi chosakanikirana ndi yochepa yoweyula mbali sipekitiramu wa. Chifukwa ndi kulocha chikasu.

Features nyenyezi yaing'ono yachikasu

Small zounikira kukula yodziwika ndi moyo wautali chidwi. Mtengo pafupifupi wa chizindikiro ichi - zaka mabiliyoni 10. dzuwa tsopano inali pafupifupi pakati pa kayendedwe ka moyo, ndiko kutuluka kuchokera ndondomeko zikuluzikulu ndipo potembenukira ku chimphona wofiira, ikhala biliyoni 5 zaka.

Star, wachikasu, ndi zokhudza mtundu wa "nyenyezi yaing'ono" ali mbali ofanana ndi dzuwa. Mphamvu gwero la matupi amenewa - kaphatikizidwe helium ku haidrojeni. Yotsatira kusanduka phazi kusuntha pambuyo ngale kumayamba komanso kutha kuyaka wa hydrogen helium.

Kupatula Sun kwa nyenyezi yaing'ono chikasu amatanthauza Alpha Centauri A, Alpha kuŵala kwa m'mlengalenga Borealis, Bootes Mu, matchalitchi anayamba Ceti ndi zounikira ena.

subgiants Yellow

Nyenyezi ngati Sun, pambuyo yotopetsa mafuta a hydrogen, anayamba kusintha. Kamodzi phata la magetsi ndi helium kuwalira kukodzedwa mu chimphona wofiira. Komabe, chinthu ichi sadzafika nthawi yomweyo. Choyamba, anayamba kuwotcha zigawo lakunja. nyenyezi wapita waukulu-zinayendera, komabe si kukodzedwa - ndi pa siteji subgiant. Unyinji wa magetsi amenewa kawirikawiri zimasiyanasiyana 1 mpaka 5 misa dzuwa.

Yellow subgiant siteji zichitike ndi wochititsa chidwi kwambiri kukula kwa nyenyezi. Komabe, kwa iwo, nthawi imeneyi si kutchulidwa. Wotchuka subgiant lero - izo Procyon (Alpha Canis Minor).

mukusoŵa weniweni

nyenyezi Yellow, amene maina anapatsidwa pamwamba, ndi zachilendo mu mitundu chilengedwe. Apo ayi zinthu ndi hypergiants. Awa ndi zimphona lenileni, amene amaonedwa aakulu kwambiri, wowala ndi waukulu nthawi yomweyo ndi yaifupi moyo zaka zambiri. Ambiri hypergiants ndi odziwika chowala buluu zosintha, koma pali pakati pawo woyera, nyenyezi chikasu, ndipo ngakhale wofiira.

Mwa izi matupi osowa malo monga Mwachitsanzo, Rho Cassiopeia. Izi chikasu hypergiants, luminosity nthawi 550 zikwi outstripping dzuwa. Ochokera kudziko athu atachotsedwa pa 12,000 zaka kuwala. Pa usiku wowala bwino mukhoza kuona ndi apoyera (akuoneka kuwala - 4,52m).

supergiants

Hypergiants - wapadera nkhani ya supergiants. Yotsirizira mulinso nyenyezi chikasu. Iwo, monga zakuthambo, ndi gawo Transitional wa zamoyo wa kuwala kwa buluu kwa supergiant wofiira. Komabe, pa siteji ya chikasu supergiant nyenyezi kupulumuka motalika kokwanira. Childs, panthawi imeneyi kuwala kwa kusanduka simufa. Mu kuphunzira zonse za m'mlengalenga izo zinajambulidwa supernovae awiri okha kwaiye supergiants chikasu.

zounikira zikuphatikizapo Canopus (Alpha Carinae) Rastaban (Woyeselela chinjoka), Yoyeserera Aquarius ndi ena pa zinthu zina.

Monga mmene taonera, nyenyezi iliyonse, wachikasu ngati dzuwa, ali ndi makhalidwe enieni. Komabe, iwo onse n'zofanana - mtundu Zimenezi zimachitika Kutentha kwa photosphere kutentha zina. Kupatula izi, kuti nyenyezizo ngati monga Epsilon zishango ndi Yoyeserera Corvi (yowala zimphona), ndi Kumwera Triangle Delta ndi Yoyeserera Camelopardalis (supergiants), Capella ndi Vindemiatrix (zimphona) ndi ena ambiri matupi dziko. Tikumbukenso kuti mtundu amatchulidwa mu gulu la chinthu sikuti lifanane ndi zooneka. Izi zimachitika chifukwa hue woona wa kuwala molakwika chifukwa cha mpweya ndi fumbi, ndipo pambuyo kudutsa m'mlengalenga. Kudziwa mtundu wa astrophysicists ntchito makina spectrograph: izo zimapereka mudziwe zambiri molondola kuposa diso la munthu. Ndiyamika izo, asayansi amatha kusiyanitsa buluu, chikasu ndi wofiira nyenyezi, kutali kwa ife pa ataliatali.