Wolemba ndakatulo Yulia Drunina: biography, chilengedwe. Nthano za chikondi ndi nkhondo

Drunina Yulia Vladimirovna ndi wolemba ndakatulo wa Chirasha yemwe, panthawi yonse yopanga ntchito yake, anatenga mutu wa nkhondo mu ntchito zake. Iye anabadwa mu 1924. Analoŵa mu Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko la 1941-1945. Kwa kanthaŵi iye anali wotsogolera wa Supreme Soviet wa USSR. Anamwalira mu 1991.

Zoonadi, zowuma sizingathe kumvetsa mtundu wa mkazi - Julia Drunina. Mbiri yake yodzaza ndi nkhani zovuta, ndipo chikondi chomaliza chili ndi ndakatulo ndi mafilimu. Kotero, chirichonse mu dongosolo.

Ubwana

Pa May 10, 1924, mtsikana wina anapezeka kuchipatala chakumayi ku Moscow, dzina lake Julia. Iye anabadwira m'banja lodziwika bwino: bambo anga ankaphunzitsa mbiri ku sukulu ya ku Moscow, ndipo amayi anga ankagwira ntchito kumeneko. Anakhala moyo wosauka kwambiri, atakumbidwa m'chipinda chaching'ono.

Ngakhale zili choncho, bambo anga adalimbikitsa ku Yulia kukonda mabuku ndi kuwerenga. Olemba okondedwa kale kale anali mlembi wachifalansa Alexander Dumas ndi wolemba Soviet Lidia Charskaya. M'mabuku awo, mosiyana ndi zowerengeka, zomwe bambo analimbikitsa kuti aziwerenga, zowala kwambiri, zokongola kwambiri, zoona komanso mofotokozera mozama maganizo ambiri a umunthu - mantha ndi kulimba mtima, chikondi ndi chidani, kulekana, kusakhulupirika ndi ena ambiri.

Julia, mofanana ndi achinyamata ambiri, amakhulupirira kuti m'moyo palibe chinthu chosatheka, kuti moyo umaperekedwa kuti udziwe zonse zomwe sudziwika ndikuwululira zonse zomwe sizinatheke - ku moyo wonse wa Drunin. Nthano zinayamba kulembera kuyambira ali mwana. Kale mu 1930, ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, anakonza ndakatulo, yomwe adaipambana mu mpikisano woperekedwa ku Nkhondo Yachikhalidwe.

"Tinkakhala pafupi ndi desiki ya sukulu ..."

Ili ndilo ndakatulo yoyamba ya Drunina, yomwe inalembedwa mu Teacher's Newspaper, komanso iwerenganso pa wailesi. Makolo sankakhulupirira kuti mwana wake wamkazi wapambana. Bambo anga, Vladimir Drunin, adayesetsa kugwira ntchitoyi, analemba ntchito zingapo koma sanapindule. Pakati pa maphunziro ake, ndakatulo za Drunina zidasindikizidwa mobwerezabwereza m'nyuzipepala ya khoma. Panthawiyi, Julia Drunina analemba mndandanda wokhudza chikondi, ndi nkhani zokongola, ndi akalonga, ndi akalonga, koma nthawi zambiri ankatenga nkhani ndi zolemba zofunika ku sukulu. Patapita nthaŵi, mbiri ya ndakatuloyo inalimbikitsa mtsikanayo, ndipo Julia sanafune kumusiya konse. Kotero, chaka ndi chaka kunali masiku a sukulu, ndipo mwadzidzidzi nkhondo inayamba. Yulia Drunina adayesa mayeso aakulu. Mbiri yake yodzazidwa ndi zatsopano zosangalatsa, zochita zamatsenga, ndondomeko.

Achinyamata ndi Nkhondo

June 22, 1941 zikwi zambiri za anyamata ndi atsikana anati adzalandira sukulu ndipo adakumana ndi aphunzitsi a sukulu, kuphatikizapo Julia. Palibe yemwe akanakhoza ngakhale kulingalira kuti mmawa uno ukanati uwonongeke kwa anthu onse a Soviet. Pa 5 koloko mfuti yoyamba inamveka, zilengezo zowopsya za asilikali zinamveka pa wailesi. Kufuula kwa gulu la asilikali a Soviet kunayambika mwamsanga.

Yulia Drunina, mofanana ndi atsikana ambiri a nthawi imeneyo, adayamba kutsogolo ngati wodzipereka kutsogolo. Msungwanayo poyamba sanaloledwe kupita kumalo opita usilikali. Pokhala kumbuyo, anapatsa anamwino. Kwa nthawi yayitali adagwira ntchito ku District Red Cross Society.

Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe cha 1941, asilikali a Germany anayamba kukwiyitsa kwambiri Moscow, Drunin anatumizidwa kudera la Mozhaisk kuti amange nyumba zotetezera. Pano, pakuukira kuchokera mlengalenga, adaponyedwa ku gulu lake, ndipo "adanyoza" gulu la achinyamata omwe ankamenyana ndi ana omwe ankafuna namwino. Pa nthawiyi Julia adakondana kwambiri. Mpaka tsopano, palibe dzina kapena dzina lodziwika bwino la mwamuna uyu. Muntchito zonse anali kumenyana chabe. Kwa nthawi yaitali Julia Drunina analemba ndakatulo zokhudza chikondi kwa iye, za ntchito zake zamphamvu komanso chikhalidwe chake chachitsulo. Mwatsoka, chidziwitso chawo chinali chochepa kwambiri. Msilikali wamkulu wa asilikali ndi asilikali ena awiri anaponyedwa pamsitima, Julia nayenso sanamvere.

Mu 1941, pamene Drunina anabwerera kwawo ku Moscow, anatumizidwa ku Siberia pamodzi ndi banja lake. Julia sanafune kukhala kumbuyo, komabe anapita. Chifukwa chake chinali cholemera: thanzi la bambo ake, amene pachiyambi cha nkhondoyo adayamba kupweteka. Mu 1942, pambuyo pachiŵiri, Vladimir Drunin anamwalira m'manja mwa mwana wake wamkazi. Pambuyo pa maliro, Julia Drunina anaganiza zopita ku Khabarovsk komanso kupita kutsogolo.

Ku Khabarovsk adalowa mu Sukulu ya Junior Aviation Professionals. Phunziro linaperekedwa molimbika. Posakhalitsa zinadziwika kuti atsikana amene anamaliza maphunziro awo saloledwa kumenyana, koma amapanga gulu lachikazi lokhalokha. Julia Drunina sadakonzekere izi. Zithunzi zokhudzana ndi nkhondo sizatha chifukwa chakuti adaphunzira maphunziro a anamwino. Chisankho cha mtsogoleri wamkulu chinatengedwera kwa atsikana-anamwino kupita kunkhondo. Kotero iye analowerera kutsogolo kwachiwiri kwa a Byelorussia, mu dipatimenti yoyenerera.

Kumudziwa Zinka

Panthawiyi pali msonkhano wa atsikana awiri-anamwino, omwe anali omangidwa ndi anzanga panthawi yovuta ya nkhondo. Zinaida Samsonova ndi sergeant wamkulu wa zamankhwala. Sikuti amangotenga asilikali ovulala molimba mtima pankhondo, komanso amagwiritsa ntchito mfuti ndi mabomba. Kwa nthawi yonse imene anathera kunkhondo, asilikali oposa 50 anapulumutsidwa ndi manja ake ndipo asilikali khumi ndi awiri a ku Germany anaphedwa. Koma pa Januwale 27, 1944, panthawi yovuta kugawo la Gomel, poyesera kukokera msirikali wovulazidwa yekha, iye anaphedwa ndi chipolopolo cha German chowombera. Anali ndi zaka 19 zokha. Wolemba ndakatulo sakanakhoza kukhalabe wosayanjana nazo izi. "Zinka" ndi Julia Drunina ndi imodzi mwa ndakatulo yotchuka kwambiri pakali pano, pali mizere yokhudza imfa ya mtsikana, mtsikana wolimba mtima Zinaida Samsonova:

"Zinka zinatitsogolera ku nkhondo ..."

Sitinali kuyembekezera mbiri yotchuka,

Tinkafuna kukhala ndi ulemerero.

... Bwanji m'mabotage amagazi

Msilikali wofunda khungu akugona? "

Kuvulaza kwakukulu kwa Julia Drunina

Mu 1943, Julia anavulala pankhondoyi: chidutswa chodumpha kuchokera ku projectile chinalowa m'khosi, mozizwitsa chosakhudza mitsempha ya carotid, yomwe inalipo 5mm. Julia, monga wolimbana ndi nkhondo, sanalowere kufunikira koyenera kuvulala. Poganiza kuti ndiwongowamba, adamukulunga bandeji pamutu pake ndipo adakhalabe namwino. Palibe amene adanena chilichonse (ndipo sizinali choncho), adapulumutsa tsiku lililonse omenyana, akuwatenga okha kumenyana, ku nkhondo. Koma tsiku lina Drunina anataya chidziwitso - mwa yekha adadza pabedi lachipatala.

Zinali zosatheka kuti abwerere kuchipatala kuchokera kuchipatala. Iye anali atapatsidwa nthawi yina chifukwa cha zaumoyo. Kubwerera ku Moscow, posankha kupitiriza maphunziro ake, amapereka zikalata ku Literary Institute, koma lingaliro la kubwerera ku dongosolo silinayendetse Drunin. Zolemba, mwangozi, sizinadutse gawo losankhidwa. Msungwanayo akubwerera kumbuyo. Nthawiyi idakhazikitsidwa mu gulu la asilikali la 1038 lodzipangira okhaokha la 3rd Baltic Front. Mu 1944, pa nthawi imodzi ya nkhondoyi, iye anadabwa kwambiri. Motero anamaliza ntchito yake ya usilikali.

Pazaka izi iye adapatsidwa udindo wa sergeant wa zamankhwala, adapatsidwa mphoto ya Order of the Red Star ndi medal "For Courage".

Kuchokera pazolemba zolimbana ndi nkhondo ndi zogwiritsa ntchito. Pazaka izi Julia Drunina analemba zolemba za nkhondo ndi imfa mphindi iliyonse yaulere. Ambiri mwa iwo adalowa m'magulu a ntchito zankhondo.

Moyo Wosatha

Mu 1944, Drunina akuganiza kuti apitebe ku sukulu ya Literary Institute. Ndipo nthawi ino akuyamba kuphunzira pakati pa chaka ndi opanda mayeso. Palibe amene angatsutsane naye. Pitani ku sukuluyi mu jekete ya mtola ndi nsapato zapeni. Julia Drunina akulemba ndakatulo za nkhondo, momwe mzere uliwonse umadzala ndi chisoni, ntchito ndi kulimba mtima. Iye sanatenge ndalama zake ku nyumba yosindikizira, nthawi zina amangopempha mnzake wake kuti agwire ntchito zake nayenso. Mwina, chifukwa chake, wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka kwa iye anabwera pambuyo pokha imfa.

Banja

Pakati pa anzake a m'kalasimo amakumana ndi mnyamata wina dzina lake Nikolai, yemwe, ngati iye, amaonedwa kuti ndi woyenera kulowa usilikali. Nthaŵi zina aŵiriwo amakumana, ndipo posakhalitsa amalembetsa ukwati wawo.

Mu 1946 mwana anabadwira m'banja - mwana wamkazi wa Julia Drunina ndi Nikolay Starshinov. Ulesi ndi mwana wamng'ono watenga nthawi yochuluka. Mphamvu ya mayi wamng'onoyo sanapitirize kuphunzira, kapena polemba ndakatulo. Panalibe ndalama m'nyumba, ndipo Julia sankadziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito famuyo: ngakhale adalephera kudya chakudya chamaphunziro choyambirira.

Atalemba nthawi yaitali Nikolai Starshinov akukumbukira malingaliro ake okhwima a mkazi wake: "Tsiku lina, anandidyetsa supu yomwe inali yamchere kwambiri ndipo inali ndi mtundu wachilendo. Pambuyo pa chisudzulo Julia anandiuza ine kuti ndizitsamba za mbatata mu yunifolomu, wodetsedwa ndi amayi ake. Ndikuvomereza kuti sindinadye supu yowonjezera. "

Nikolai ndi Yulia anasudzulana mu 1960.

Chikondi chomaliza

Ali akadakwatirana, Julia akukumana ndi wolemba mabuku Alexei Kapler. Chikondi pakati pawo chinafalikira mwamsanga, koma Drunin anavutika ndikumverera kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, kuyesera kupulumutsa banja. Komabe chikondi chinali champhamvu. Pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri mu moyo moyo Julia ndi Alexei, panalibe cholepheretsa kapena kusiyana mu msinkhu, kapena mavuto aakulu a mkazi wa Russia.

Tsopano Julia Drunina anapereka zilembo zokha zokhudza chikondi kwa iye - Alexei Kapler. Mu 1979, atalephera kugonjetsa gawo lovuta la oncology, mwamunayo amwalira. Kwa Julia, izi zinasokonekera kwambiri. Iye sakanakhoza kukhala moyo popanda iye.

Imfa ya Julia Drunina

Kwa kanthaŵi, mkazi wa Soviet, wolemba ndakatulo wamkulu, anayesa kubwerera ku moyo wathunthu, koma izi sizinatheke. Msilikali wamoyo, Julia Drunina sanalole kuti apite, koma sakanatha kukhala ndi kuona m'mene dzikoli likugwedezeka.

Ndinayesa dzanja langa pa ndale, ndikuyesa kuteteza ufulu wa omwe ali nawo mu Nkhondo Yaikulu Yachikhalidwe, ufulu wa anthu omwe adabwerera ku nkhondo ku Afghanistan. Koma palibe chomwechi chinachitika. Choncho osapeza mfundo pamoyo, adasankha kudzipha.

November 20, 1991 thupi lake linapezeka m'galimoto ya nyumba yake: anali atagwidwa ndi mpweya wotopa wa galimotoyo. Mwamuna wake woyamba, mwa zifukwa zomwe zinamukakamiza Julia Drunin kuchitapo kanthu chothetsa nzeru, amatchedwanso kuti sakufuna kukalamba. Ankachita mantha ndi ukalamba komanso wopanda thandizo. Julia ankafuna kukhalabe wamng'ono nthawi zonse, koma matenda ake ndi msinkhu wake, mwatsoka, sanalole. Potsirizira pake anathetsa chiŵerengero chachikulu cha nkhondo Drunina Julia Vladimirovna. Anakaikidwa pafupi ndi Alexei Kapler kumanda a Starokrymsky.

Ndakatulo yotsiriza

"Ndikuchoka, ndilibe mphamvu.

(Onse obatizidwa omwe!) Ine ndikupemphera

Pakuti monga inu - kwa osankhidwa

Gwirani Rus pamtunda.

Koma ndikuopa kuti mulibe mphamvu.

Chifukwa ndimasankha imfa.

Kodi dziko la Russia likuuluka bwanji pamtunda,

Sindikufuna, sindikufuna kuyang'ana! "

Mu ntchito yake yotsiriza, iye adaitcha chifukwa chenicheni cha imfa yake. Ndipo patapita nthawi, USSR idasokonezeka.

Julia Drunina ... Biography ya mkazi uyu sadzasiya aliyense wosayanjanitsika. Ena akumutsutsa chifukwa cha kuchoka kwake, ena amamvera chisoni chisankho ichi, koma aliyense amavomereza kuti wasiya, kusiya gawo la moyo wake mu ndakatulo zake.

Ntchito zodziwika kwambiri: "Mafunde osagwedezeka," "Musakumane ndi chikondi choyamba", "Zinka" ndi Julia Drunina. Iwo amawerengedwa ndi mtima ndi ana a sukulu ndi ana akuluakulu, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kuti moyo wa mkazi wankhondo, wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka, sunawonongeke.