Mitundu ya nkhumba

Nkhumba ndi nyama yachiwiri, yomwe pambuyo pa galuyo imapangidwa ndi munthu. Iye anayamba kubala iwo osati chifukwa cha nyama zokoma, komanso minofu, mafupa ndi zikopa.

Izi zinachitika pafupifupi zaka zikwi zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo ku Egypt.

M'dziko lathu muzaka zisanayambe zosinthika nkhumba zinkayimira pa msinkhu wopambana kwambiri, palibe ntchito yamitundu yomwe inkachitidwa ndi ziweto izi. Ndipo malo ena okhawo anali malo osankhidwa omwe ankatulutsidwa, osanyalanyaza mitundu yonse ya nkhumba.

Ndipo kuyambira 1918 kubereketsa nkhumba kuswana kwatuluka ku malo okufa. Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1923, nkhumba zinayamba kutumizidwa kuchokera ku England, zomwe zinathandiza kwambiri kuti nkhumba zitheke. Ambiri anali nyama zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yoyera. Ntchito yaikulu yosankha inayamba.

Akatswiri ankafuna kupanga nkhumba zoterezi zomwe zikanakhala zoposa nyama zomwe zinalipo kale m'deralo malinga ndi zikhalidwe zawo, zokolola, zothandiza zachuma komanso zowonongeka ndi zakudya komanso zachilengedwe.

Mitundu yatsopano ya nkhumba idayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira izi:

• Khalani ndi moyo wochuluka ndipo mukhale ndi malamulo abwino;
• Kupikisana pa zizindikiro zonse zachuma ndi zoweta zapadera;
• Khalani ndi chikhalidwe chokhazikika, chomwe, ndi kusakanikirana kosakanikirana, kudzapangitsa kuti mupeze mwayi wambiri woswana - mabanja ndi mizere.

Oweta ziweto amadziwa kuti pakati pa mtundu uliwonse wa nkhumba muli mitundu yambiri ya zinyama, ndipo posankha pakati pa mitundu yoyenera, mukhoza kusintha njira yoyenera.

Lero pali mitundu yoposa 100 ya nkhumba padziko lonse lapansi. Ku Russia, chofala kwambiri ndi: zazikulu zazikulu, Chizungu choyera, White Lapshin, chiwombankhanga cha Chiyukireniya, Livenskaya, Mirgorod, malo okongola, Kalinkin, ndi zina zotero.

Ng'ombe zapanyumba pamakhalidwe awo - kukana matenda, maboma a malamulo, kukhala oyenerera pa nyengo ndi chakudya - kutali kwambiri ndi anthu akunja.

Malingana ndi mtundu wawo wopangidwa, nkhumba zimagawidwa kukhala nyama-mafuta, mafuta ndi nyama yankhumba.

Mitundu ya nkhumba - nyama zamtundu, zitsamba, zitsamba, nyama yankhumba ya ku Estonia, Urzhum - mpaka miyezi 6 imakula kwambiri, imakhala ndi thanzi labwino. Ndizochokera kwa iwo kuti nyama yankhumba yotchuka yotereyi imakonzedwa.

Mosiyana ndi nyama yankhumba, mtundu wa nyama ndi nkhumba - steppe ya ku Ukraine, woyera wachi Latvia, Livenskaya, Polish-Chinese, Breitovskaya, North-Caucasus - amadziwika ndi kupindula kwakukulu tsiku ndi tsiku.

Miyala yowonongeka - Mirgorod, wakuda wakuda, Berkshire ndi Mangalite - kumaliza kukula kwa minofu ya minofu ali wamng'ono, kenaka amayamba kuwonjezera saloobrazovanie. Kwa chaka, mwiniwake akhoza kukhala ndi ana kuchokera ku nyemba, atapereka mafuta okwana matani awiri kapena atatu.

Mapangidwe a Porcine akupitirira lero. Malingana ndi zofunikira za ogula, obereketsa amasintha machitidwe a zokolola zosiyanasiyana, kupanga zatsopano. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa chosowa nkhumba nyama ya nkhumba ikuwonjezeka, ntchito ikuyendetsanso osati kusintha kokha nyama zakutchire, komanso kupanga mitundu yatsopano.

Nkhumba ndi nyama zokwanira, nthawi zina zimaphunzira bwino kuposa amphaka ndi agalu. N'chifukwa chake m'zaka zaposachedwa, miyala yokongoletsera - mini-piigas, yomwe ikhoza kusungidwa pakhomo - atchuka kwambiri. Ndipo Achifalansa mothandizidwa ndi anthu apadera ophunzitsidwa akuyang'ana bowa lamtengo wapatali ngati truffle.