Wachiwiri World nkhondo. September 1, 1939 - September 2, 1945 German nkhondo ya Poland pa September 1, 1939

Mu mbiri ya dziko lapansi, amaganiza kuti tsiku la nkhondo yoyamba ya II World - September 1, 1939, pamene asilikali German anakanthanso Poland. Chifukwa cha ichi chinali utakhala yake ndipo analanda dziko ya m'dziko la States ena. Chifukwa, Britain ndi France analengeza kulowa awo mu nkhondo ndi Germany, amene anayambitsa chilengedwe cha odana ndi Hitler mgwirizano. Pa masiku amenewa, moto European mudakhumudwapo ndi mphamvu yoposa.

Ludzu kubwezera asilikali

Mphamvu ya galimoto ndondomeko anthu ankhanza a Germany wa mmasate anali kubwerezanso malire European, anakhazikitsa malinga ndi Pangano la Versailles mu 1919, anagwirizana zotsatira za mwalamulo mathero atatsala pang'ono nkhondo. Monga mukudziwa, Germany panthawi ina kampeni zinalephereka chifukwa wataya ambiri m'dziko za thupi lake kale. Hitler chisankho chigonjetso mu 1933 chifukwa cha mlili mafoni ake kubwezera nkhondo ndi kutsatira m'madera onse German litadzala ndi Germany yosiyanasiyana. apamwamba amenewa wapeza poyambira akuya mu mitima ya omwe adzaponye chisanko, ndipo adampatsa mavoti awo.

Pasanakhale kuukira Poland (1 September 1939), ndi yeniyeni ndi chaka chimodzi, Germany wapanga Anschluss (analanda dziko) a Austria ndi analanda dziko ya dera Sudetenland la Czechoslovakia. Kuti akhazikitse izi, ndi kudziteteza ku zotheka kulimbikira Poland, Hitler anachita nawo mu 1934 pangano mtendere, ndipo kwa zaka zinayi kuti mwachangu kulenga maonekedwe a ubwenzi. Chithunzi wasintha kwambiri pambuyo Sudetenland ndi mbali yaikulu ya Czechoslovakia anali mokakamiza Ufumuyo Ulamuliro wa Nazi. Mu mawu atsopano adawomba ndi oimira German zatulutsidwa ku likulu Polish.

Germany amadzinenera ndipo akufuna kutsutsana

Isanafike September 1, 1939 akuluakulu German zonena Kupititsa ndi Poland anali, choyamba, dzikolo, pafupi ndi nyanja ya Baltic ndi kulekanitsa Germany ku East Prussia, ndipo kachiwiri, Danzig (Gdańsk), yomwe pa nthawiyo udindo wa mzinda ufulu. Nthawi zonse, Ulamuliro wa Nazi anathamangitsa osati zofuna andale, komanso mwangwiro zachuma. Mu nkhani imeneyi, Polish boma ali ndi kuthamanga yogwira ku Bolivia ndi German.

M'chaka cha Wehrmacht ndinatenga gawo la Czechoslovakia, umene unali nachobe ufulu wodzilamulira, kenako ndinazindikira kuti gawo lotsatira lidzakhala ndi Poland. Chilimwe mu Moscow nkhani inachitika oimira a m'mayiko ambiri. Ntchito yawo inali kukhala miyeso European chitetezo ndi chilengedwe cha mgwirizano ukuperekedwa mokwiya German. Koma iye sanali kupangidwa za malo Poland yokha. Komanso, zolinga wabwino tidzayesedwa anazindikira, ndi vuto la ophunzira ena, omwe aswa mapulani awo.

Chifukwa cha ichi chinali pangano tsopano wathuwu yolembedwa ndi Molotov ndi Ribbentrop. chikalata ichi kungakupatseni Hitler sanali kulowelela ku mbali Soviet likhoza kupsa mtima ndi Fuehrer atalamula kuti chiyambi cha nkhondoyi.

Wa asilikali nkhondo ndi provocations m'malire

Atalanda Poland, Germany anali ndi mwayi kwambiri chiwerengero cha anthu a asilikali awo, ndi zipangizo luso. Amadziwika kuti pa mfundo imeneyi magulu awo zida owerengedwa magulu nainte-eyiti, pamene Poland September 1, 1939 iwo anali sate zokha naini. Plan kulanda dera Polish anaberekera malamulo dzina "weiss, wopangidwa".

Kukhazikitsa izo, lamulo German chinafunika ndi chonamizira, ndipo mogwirizana ndi Intelligence ndi Counterintelligence zinachitikadi mndandanda wa provocations, amene cholinga mlandu inayamba nkhondo pa anthu a Poland. Antchito a dipatimenti wapadera wa SS ndi anthu oipa, alemba ntchito ku ndende zosiyanasiyana German, atavala zovala wamba ndi zida zankhondo Polish, mndandanda wa cholimbana maofesi German inali onse pamodzi malire.

Chiyambi cha nkhondo: September 1, 1939

Choncho analenga nthawiyi anali wotsimikizika mokwanira: kuteteza zofuna zake dziko ndi encroachments kuchokera kunja. Germany atalanda Poland pa September 1, 1939, ndi atangobadwa United Kingdom ndi France akhala ophunzira zinachitika. mzere Land kutsogolo akutambasula makilomita mazana khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, koma ena kuposa izo, Germany ntchito bulu awo.

Kuyambira pa tsiku loyamba la tingalimbanirane ndi nkhondo German anatsegula moto pa Danzig, limene ambiri a m'matangadza chakudya anaikira. mzinda uyu anakhala anagonjetsa choyamba chomwe chidabweretsa Wachiwiri World nkhondo ndi dziko la Germany. September 1, 1939 anayamba kumenya wake pa dziko. Pakutha tsiku loyamba analengeza pophatikizana a Danzig kwa Ulamuliro wa Nazi.

Nkhondo ya Poland September 1, 1939 ikuchitika zinthu zonse pa kutaya mphamvu Ulamuliro wa Nazi. Amadziwika kuti pafupifupi imodzi anali pansi mizinda bombardment anasonkhanidwa monga Wielun, Chojnice, Starogard ndi Bydgoszcz. Ambiri SWAT akukonza Vilyun pamene anafa tsiku limenelo anthu mazana khumi ndi awiri, ndipo anthu makumi asanu nyumba lidawonongeka. Komanso ku mabomba Nazi kwambiri anakhudzidwa mizinda zina zambiri.

The zotsatira za mliri wa Nkhondo Germany

Malinga ndi kale anayamba dongosolo njira, September 1, 1939 anayamba opareshoni kuthetsa mpweya Poland Aviation lagona pa airfields asilikali m'madera osiyanasiyana m'dzikoli. Izi Germany anathandiza kupititsa patsogolo mofulumira asilikali ake odyetserako ndi mosatsata Zitsulo mwayi redeploy asilikali omenyana ndi njanji, komanso kumaliza anayamba atatsala pang'ono limodzi. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti pa tsiku lachitatu la nkhondo la Polish Air Force kufuzika.

asilikali German anayamba tiponye malinga ndi dongosolo, "Blitz Krieg" - mphezi nkhondo. September 1, 1939, atacita kuwukira wake wonyenga, dziko la Germany patsogolo kwambiri mu dziko, koma m'madera ambiri adakomana kukaniza oopsa wolephera iwo mu mphamvu mayunitsi Polish. Koma mogwirizana mayunitsi Moto ndi oti muli nazo zida kuzipatsa kuvulaza nkhonya onongani. thupi lawo anapita m'tsogolo, kugonjetsa kulimbikira wa mayunitsi Polish, mosatsata kuthekera kusagwirizana ndi kukhudzana ndi General Wogwila.

tikumupachikaso ogwirizana

Malinga ndi Mukalowa mu May 1939 pangano, magulu anagwirizana kuyambira masiku oyambirira a mokwiya German kudzera zonse kuthandiza mizati. Koma kwenikweni, kunapezeka yosiyana. Zochita wa makamu awa awiri kenako amatchedwa "wabodza nkhondo". chakuti pa tsiku pamene panali kuukira Poland (1 September 1939), atsogoleri a mayiko onse anatumiza kwa akuluakulu a German kuti musankhepo kuti zithe nkhondoyi. Osalandira kuyankha zabwino, asilikali French pa September 7, anawoloka malire German m'dera Saar.

Popanda kukumana wotsutsa aliyense, iwo ali, koma m'malo osauka amanyansidwa zina, ankaona yabwino okha kuti apitirize nkhondoyo ndipo anayamba kubwerera ku malo awo oyambirira. The English zambiri okha buku la musankhepo lapansi. Choncho, adani zachinyengo adampereka Poland, atawasiyira kudzisamalira okha.

Nthawiyi, akatswiri chi ankaona kuti momwe iwo anaphonya mwayi wapadera kuletsa mokwiya Nazi ndi kupulumutsa mtundu wa anthu kuchokera zikuluzikulu yaitali nkhondo. Usilikali onse mphamvu yake Germany panthawi imeneyo analibe mphamvu zokwanira nkhondo pa amadzibisa atatu. Kuti apereke ichi kwa France analangidwa koopsa chifukwa cha chaka chamawa, pamene mbali lopondereza adzakhala kuoloka misewu ya likulu lake.

Nkhondo yoyamba

Patapita mlungu umodzi Warsaw chinaperekedwa ku aukali mdani kukana, ndipo zoona, asakhalenso mu mayunitsi waukulu asilikali. Iye anaukira chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi Panzer Corps Wehrmacht. Movutikira, ndi zokometsera a mumzindawo kuwaletsa mdani. Chitetezo cha likulu, kuwonjezera mpaka 27 September. The capitulation wotsatira kupulumutsidwa ku chiwonongeko chotheratu ndi mosalephera. Pa nthawi yonse apafupi ndi Germany atenga miyeso kwambiri kuti akagwire Warsaw: tsiku limodzi lokha 19 September 5818 mvula mabomba, chimene chinapangitsa kuwonongeka kwambiri kuti manda wapadera kamangidwe, osanenapo anthu.

Major nkhondo masiku amenewo zinachitika pa mtsinje Bzura - mmodzi wa makhwawa a Vistula. Awiri Polish asilikali inapha nkhonya onongani kuti pakutchulidwa mkulu wa Warsaw 8 Division wa Wehrmacht. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, dziko la Germany anakakamizika kupita kumbuyo, ndipo inatuluka kupulumutsa kwa iwo reinforcements kupereka chidwi cha ophunzira chipitirire ukulu, anasintha kwa nkhondo. Polish asilikali sakanakhoza kupirira magulu awo aakulu. Za zana limodzi ndi anthu zikwi makumi atatu unatengedwa mkaidi, ndipo ochepa anatha kutuluka kwa "m'thumba" ndipo anagumula kuti likulu.

Mosayembekezereka la zochitika

dongosolo Kusindikiza inachokera pa chikhulupiriro chakuti UK ndi France, kuchita maudindo monga anali ofanana ndi, kutenga nawo mbali mu nkhondoyi. Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti asilikali Polish, kwawo kwa kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa dziko, anapanga amphamvu kumbuyo bridgehead, pamene Wehrmacht sakanachitira mwina kusuntha mbali ya asilikali kuchepetsa watsopano - nkhondo ndi ziŵiri. Koma moyo anapanga Kusintha ake.

Patapita masiku angapo magulu Red Army, malinga ndi protocol zina chinsinsi la Soviet-German sanali mokwiya pangano, analowa m'dera la Poland. Cholinga cha boma cha zimenezi chinali kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha Belarusians, Ukrainians ndi Ayuda okhala mu zigawo kum'mawa kwa dzikoli. Komabe, chifukwa chenicheni cha kumayambiriro a asilikali anali inalowa kuti Soviet Union nambala madera Polish.

Pozindikira kuti nkhondoyo yosochera, Polish mkulu lamulo tasiya dziko, ndi mgwirizano zina zochita ikuchitika Romania, kumene anasamukira mwa kuwonekera malire mozemba. Polingalira za zikukhalira zochita za dziko, atsogoleri Polish ankaona asilikali Soviet, analamula wake mbadwa osati kuwapatsa kukana. Kuti anali kulakwitsa awo anachita chifukwa cha umbuli chakuti zotsatira za onse adani awo imachitika pa dongosolo chisanadze yolongosoka.

Akuluakulu nkhondo yotsiriza ya Zitsulo

asilikali Soviet kulimbikitsa zinthu kale kukayikira Zitsulo. Mu yovuta imeneyi, ife waponya awiri a nkhondo awo kuzisiya asilikali gawo amene anali kuti nthawi zonse zapita kuyambira apo, pamene September 1, 1939 Germany atalanda Poland. Chiwerengero cha iwo kumenyanako yekha akhoza kuvala mtsinje Bzura. Onse a iwo, ndi imeneyi ya masiku angapo, zinachitika pafupi ndi mudzi wa Tomaszow Lubelski, tsopano m'gulu m'chigawo Lublin.

The nkhondowo ntchito Zitsulo m'gulu magulu wa makamu awiri anagumula chotchinga German, kutchinga njira yopita ku Lions. Chifukwa cha nkhondo yaitali ndi wamagazi mbali Polish anataya katundu wolemera, ndi wamndende wa ku Germany anali oposa zikwi makumi awiri Polish asilikali. Chifukwa, Tadeusz Piskor anakakamizika kulengeza Kudzipereka kutsogolo chapakati kutsogozedwa ndi iye.

Anayambika September 17 Nkhondo ya Tamashuvom Lubelski posachedwa adapitiriza mwakhama. phunziro panafika asilikali Polish ya kumpoto Front, kumadzulo mbamuikha ndi chiwiri asilikali Corps German General Leonarda Vekera, ndi kum'mawa - gawo la Red Army, akuchita ndi Germany monga mwa pulani limodzi. Ndi momveka bwino kuti chifooke zomvetsa yapita ndipo mosatsata kulankhulana ndi utsogoleri onse ankhondo, mizati sakanakhoza kupirira mphamvu pomenyana anzawo.

Chiyambi cha zigawenga nkhondo ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa magulu mobisa

27. September Warsaw anali kwathunthu mmanja a dziko la Germany, amene anatha m'madera ambiri a kwathunthu kupsinja kukana mayunitsi asilikali. Komabe, ngakhale pamene dziko lonse linatengedwa, lamulo Polish Sichinatsitsidwe anasaina chida cha kudzipereka. Dziko Anthu ambiri kufalitsidwa zigawenga gulu lotsogoleredwa ndi akapitawo ntchito asilikali ndi kofunika kudziwa ndi kuphana zinachitikira. Komanso, ngakhale mu nthawi ya kukana yogwira ntchito Anazi Polish lamulo kanalalikira kumanga yaikulu mobisa gulu amatchedwa "Service chifukwa Chigonjetso Poland."

Zotsatira za mliri wa Poland

Nkhondo ya Poland September 1, 1939 zinatha kugonjetsedwa kwake ndi zigawo wotsatira. Hitler anakonza chilengedwe cha zidole boma lake ndi malire mmalire a Ufumu wa Poland, kumene kunali mbali kuyambira 1815 mpaka 1917 mu Russia. Koma Stalin ankatsutsa dongosolo, ngati iye anali mdani tchalitchi cha aliyense maphunziro Polish anthu.

kuwukira Germany wa Poland mu 1939 ndipo wotsatira kugonjetsedwa kotheratu otsiriza zinathandiza Soviet Union mu zaka ndi amene angakuthandizeni la Germany, zaikidwa malire ake kudera la mamita lalikulu 196.000. Km ndi chifukwa ichi kuonjezera chiwerengero cha anthu 13 miliyoni. M'malire latsopano anapambulwa m'madera a yaying'ono okhala Ukrainians ndi Belarusians ku madera mbiri anthu Germany.

Ponena za kuukira German pa Poland mu September 1939, tisaiwale kuti anthu ankhanza German utsogoleri anakwanitsa wonse kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo. Chifukwa cha nkhondoyi malire a East Prussia anasamukira ku Warsaw. Lamulo nambala 1939 a zigawo Polish ndi anthu anthu oposa naini miliyoni theka anakhala mbali ya ulamuliro wa Hitler.

Yokhala izo asungidwa mbali yaing'ono ya boma kale, subordinated kwa Berlin. likulu lake linali Kraków. Kwa nthawi yaitali (September 1, 1939 - September 2, 1945) Poland analibe mpata kuchititsa ndondomeko zilizonse palokha.