Mchere ndi katundu wawo. Kugwiritsa ntchito mchere

Pali ambiri madipoziti achilengedwe zofunika kwa zinthu anthu. Kodi chuma amene exhaustible ndi kuti ayenera kutetezedwa. Popanda chitukuko ndi kupanga mbali zambiri za moyo kungakhale kovuta kwambiri.

Mchere ndi katundu - ndi chinthu ndi phunziro la nthaka migodi. Zotsatira za iye ntchito ina kwa processing ndi kupanga zinthu zambiri.

Mchere ndi katundu

Kodi zambiri amatchedwa mchere? Awa ndi miyala kapena nyumba mchere, lomwe ndi lalikulu dziko tanthauzo zachuma ndi ankagwiritsa ntchito makampani.

The zosiyanasiyana lalikulu awo, kotero katundu aliyense yeniyeni. Pali zosankha zazikulu zingapo magawanidwe a zinthu mu chilengedwe:

• placers;
• formations;
• mawaya;
• m'matangadza;
• chisa.

Ngati ife kulankhula za kufalitsa ambiri chuma, tingasiyanitsire:

• m'chigawo;
• malo;
• maiwe kusambira;
• wakumunda.

Mchere ndi katundu zimadalira mtundu mndandanda wa zopangira. Ndi anatsimikiza ndi dera ntchito anthu, ndi njira m'zigawo ndi processing.

Mitundu ya mchere

Palibe gulu la chuma ankaona. Choncho, ngati zachokera zizindikiro za boma la loitanirana, amasulidwe ngati mitundu.

1. Zothandiza olimba gasi. Zitsanzo: nsangalabwi, mchere, lubwe, zitsulo ores, nonmetallic.
2. Phula - mobisa madzi mchere ndi mafuta.
3. Mpweya - gasi, helium.

Ngati maziko a kugawikana pa mitundu ya ntchito chuma mchere, pamene gulu zimatengera mtundu zotsatirazi.

1. Kuyaka. Zitsanzo: mafuta, mafuta shale, malasha, methane ndi ena.
2. Miyala kapena igneous. Zitsanzo: onse zipangizo zitsulo miyala zosaphika, komanso asibesitosi ndi graphite.
3. Nonmetallic. Zitsanzo: zipangizo zonse yaiwisi munali palibe zitsulo (dongo, mchenga, choko, mchenga, etc.), ndi mchere zosiyanasiyana.
4. Mwala wamtengo wapatali. Zitsanzo za mtengo wapatali ndi theka-mtengo wapatali ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali (diamondi, miyala ya safiro, zamtengo wapatali, emeralds, yade, ndi kalikedo, opal, sard, etc.).

Kuperekedwa ndi kuchuluka n'zoonekeratu kuti mchere ndi katundu - ndi dziko lonse limene ikufotokoza nambala yaikulu Akatswiriwa ndi Anthuwa akatswiri.

The madipoziti chachikulu

Various mchere chuma (mchere) ndi mosakondera wogawana kudutsa dziko malinga ndi mbali miyala. Ndithudi, mbali yaikulu ya iwo aumbike mwa nsanja kayendedwe tectonic ndi kuphulika. Pali mayiko zikuluzikulu, ndiwo ambiri olemera pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya zipangizo. Ali:

• North America ndi South.
• Europe ndi ku Asia.
• Africa.

Mayiko onse kuti zili m'madera yoikidwiratu, ntchito kwambiri zachilengedwe ndi katundu wawo. M'dera lomwelo, kumene zipangizo zake yaiwisi kumeneko, ndi zogulitsa kunja.

Nthawi zambiri, kumene, chovuta kuchimvetsa dongosolo wamba miyala ya chuma mchere. Izi zidalira pa mtundu mndandanda wa zopangira. Mmodzi wa mtengo kwambiri ndi amtengo wapatali (okhala ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali) mchere. Gold Mwachitsanzo, ali paliponse kupatula Europe (Africa, kuphatikiza Australia pamwamba). Iwo chikuzika, ndi kupanga ake - mmodzi wa zochitika ambiri mu migodi.

wolemera kwambiri chuma mafuta ndi Europe ndi ku Asia. Migodi mchere (talc, barytes, kaolin wa, miyala, quartzite, apatite, mchere) sizachilendo kulikonse ambiri.

Migodi ndi akuphwanya

Pofuna kuchotsa mchere ndi kukonzekera ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana ntchito.

1. Open msewu. Zofunika zopangira atamupopa mwachindunji ku quarries lapansi. M'kupita kwa nthawi, zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zigwembe lalikulu, kotero si wofatsa chilengedwe.
2. Migodi njira - ndi zolondola, koma mtengo.
3. Kasupe njira ikukoka mafuta.
4. The njira ikukoka.
5. Geotechnological miyala processing njira.

Migodi - izi ndi ndondomeko zofunika ndi zofunika Komabe, kumabweretsa mavuto Kalanga kwambiri. Pambuyo chuma exhaustible. Choncho, zaposachedwapa amatsimikiza osati lalikulu lonse m'zigawo chuma mchere, ndicho ntchito kwambiri yake ndi zomveka wa munthu.

Miyalayo (magmatic) miyala

gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo zofunika kwambiri ndi lalikulu mwa mawu a migodi. Miyalayo - ndi mapangidwe mchere chikhalidwe, muli wambirimbiri kapena kuti zitsulo anakhumba (chigawo zina).

Places kupanga ndiponso pokonza wa zinthu zopangira amatchedwa migodi. M'kagulu miyala igneous akhoza kukhala mu magulu anayi:

• zitsulo akakhala ;
• mtundu;
• mfulu;
• sanali zachitsulo zigawo zikuluzikulu.

Izi ndi zina mwa zitsanzo za chuma miyala mchere.

1. Manganese miyala.
2. Iron.
3. Faifi tambala.
4. Argentia.
5. Cassiterite.
6. Beryl.
7. Bornite.
8. Chalcopyrite.
9. Uraninite.
10. Asibesitosi.
11. Graphite ndi ena.

Gold - miyala mchere

Pali mwa miyala ndi mchere wapadera. Gold, mwachitsanzo. kupanga wake anali zogwirizana kuyambira nthawi yakale, monga Mulungu wakhala kwambiri ndi anthu. Lero, golide ncho nasamba pafupifupi dziko lililonse m'gawo limene pali osachepera pang'ono madipoziti ake.

Mu chikhalidwe, golide opezeka mu mawonekedwe a particles mbadwa. The yaikulu zitsulo ingots opezeka Australia masekeli pafupifupi 70 makilogalamu posungira. Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa weathering komanso kukokoloka kwa nthaka madipoziti anapanga miyala ya mbewu mchenga mu mawonekedwe a chitsulo chabwinocho.

Kuyambira zosakaniza ngati atamupopa mwachinyengo ndi sieving. Ambiri, si ofala kwambiri ndipo voluminous mchere okhutira. Gold Choncho anaitana zitsulo zamtengo wapatali ndi womveka.

Malo m'zigawo za mchere miyala ndi:

• Russia.
• Canada.
• South Africa.
• Australia.

Amapangitsa

gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo zinthu ngati mchere monga:

• lignite ;
• mafuta;
• mpweya (methane, helium);
• malasha.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mchere wa mtundu uwu - mafuta ndi zopangira kwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana mankhwala ndi zinthu.

Malasha - ndi malasha ili, lomwe lili akuya ndi chochepa cha zigawo lonse. kuchuluka kwake okha kumunda wina. Choncho, popeza wotopa dziwe limodzi, anthu kusamukira ku lotsatira. Ambiri, malasha lili mpaka 97% mpweya mu mawonekedwe woyera. Mbiri inakhalapo, chifukwa mu akufa tamping ndi masamba zatsalira organic. pasukuluyi lakhalapo kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri, choncho kuchuluka yaikulu pa dziko tsopano nkhokwe malasha.

Mafuta mosiyana golide madzi, zomwe imasonyeza kufunika ndi amtengo mchere. Ndipotu, ndiwo utsi apamwamba pansi, komanso zigawo zake zosiyanasiyana - m'munsi zopangira kwa syntheses mankhwala. Atsogoleri mu mafuta ndi maiko monga:

• Russia.
• US.
• Algeria;
• Mexico.
• Indonesia.
• Venezuela.
• Libya.

gasi, lomwe ndi osakaniza a chimasanduka gaseous, izo ndi yofunika mafakitale mafuta. Zimatanthauza zipangizo zotsika mtengo yaiwisi, choncho makamaka ntchito mwaunyinji. Mayiko kutsogolera kupanga - Russia ndi Saudi Arabia.

Zachitsulo kapena osakhala zachitsulo mitundu

gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo mchere amenewa ndi matanthwe, monga:

• dongo;
• choko;
• mchenga;
• timiyala;
• miyala;
• miyala;
• talc;
• kaolin wa!
• barite;
• graphite;
• diamondi;
• khwatsi;
• apatite;
• phosphorous ndi zina.

mitundu yonse akhoza m'magulu magulu angapo malinga ndi dera ntchito.

1. Migodi ndi mchere mankhwala.
2. Zitsulo zopangira katundu.
3. Luso mibulu.
4. Yomanga zipangizo.

gulu Izi nthawi zambiri amatchedwa mchere ndi ngale. Ntchito sanali zitsulo mchere chikhalidwe m'zigawozigawo ndi yaikulu. Awa ndi ulimi (feteleza), zomangamanga (zipangizo), galasi kusungunuka, zodzikongoletsera, zipangizo, kupanga obschehimicheskoe, kupanga utoto ndi zina zotero.