Kodi zilembo, ndi chomwe iwo amatanthauza?

ndi zilembo chiyani? Kumene ntchito, ndi mmene kuwamvetsetsa? Kodi n'zotheka, ndiponso zizindikiro chotero mwanjira kumasulira mu chilankhulo chomveka ife kutanthauzira ndi kumvetsa? Kumene, mungathe. Mwa zilembo kulibe monga akale amene salinso ntchito, ndi tsiku, zimachitika mu kalata kwa kuchuluka kwa zikhalidwe Asian. Woyamba, kumene, zovuta kumvetsa Ndiyeno iwowa akhoza anasamutsa ntchito "Google". Chifukwa aliyense, zinali zoonekeratu ali ndi chimene iyo yadya, ife kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zimene otchulidwa iwo kugawana ndi oimira gulu zomwe.

tanthawuzo

Mu chiphunzitso ochiritsira wa khalidwe - gulu la kulemba, amene ntchito ndi anthu ena. Iwo angatanthauze munthu phokoso, syllable kapena kalata kapena mawu lonse. Nthawi zina zilembo angatumize ife chiganizo lonse kapena mawu makamaka. Mawu akuti ali mizu Greek yekha. Dzina Oriental zilembo anapereka katswiri Kliment Aleksandriysky, amene anali nawo pa chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti malemba ndi anadziŵa maganizo onse kuti otchulidwa. Tanthauzo, amene anatsogolera lopangidwa ndi mawu awiri: "ieros" omwe anamasuliridwa kuchokera Greek amatanthauza "wopatulika" ndi "glyph" imene, motero, likumasuliridwa kuti "kudula". Iye anapereka malemba awa tanthauzo wopatulika, choncho anawatcha "zopatulika chosema kalata".

Kodi mukhoza kukumana zilembo

Tsopano, kumvetsa zimene zilembo, ingoyang'anani pa nthawi ya kulemba Far East. Komabe, masiku akale, pang'ono anthu a dziko wakale ankachita nawo kuphunzira chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi zinenero zawo. Chifukwa akuti nthawi zambiri ntchito kutchula ieratike - kulemba ku Iguputo. m'malemba izi chinenero wolembedwa Kale ndi Zapakati, ndipo ngakhale lero, ambiri a iwo kukhala chinsinsi mbiri yakale. Modern otchulidwa yemweyo amene timakumana nawo mu chinenero Chinese ndi nthambi zake zonse (Korea ndi Tangut), komanso mitundu yonse ya kulemba Japanese ndi zinenero zina zambiri.

Ieratika ndi zochititsa

Ancient hieroglyphs Aigupto anaonekera pamodzi ndi kubadwa kwa mafumu woyamba wa Farao. The kwambiri chinenero cha wakale Aigupto phonetics awo ali pa chinthu chimodzi ndi m'zilembo za Ayuda, koma mu njira yomweyo akufanana ndi Cushitic ndi otchedwa Berber-laku Libya nthambi chinenero. Mu kukhalapo kwa kulemba ku Egypt yekha ntchito zilembo. Poyamba, adapsa yekha pa miyala, pa makoma a akachisi ndi nyumba. Kenako, kulemba malamulo, zikalata zina ndi makalata yosavuta ankagwiritsa ntchito amtunduwu. N'zochititsa chidwi kuposa mbiri yakale, ndi zosavuta decrypt. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti Zolembedwa zakale za Aiguputo zinalengedwa zikomo ku thumbnail Utsogoleri image, amene ndendende anasonyeza zinthu kapena kuchita. Kenako anayamba ntchito zilembo zambiri zovuta, amene zikugwira chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti asayansi onse European ndi Asia. The anatulukira yaikulu m'munda umenewu akuti ndi Mfalansa Shapmolon. Koma Ndipotu kwambiri chopereka kwa chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti zilembo ku Iguputo anapanga Vahshiyya Persian Ibn al-alamu, omwe anamasuliridwa mazana Arabic a mfiti ndi malemba boma.

kulemba Japanese

The chinenero chamakono la dziko la Kutuluka Sun wamangidwa mwina zofanana nacho m'deralo, omwe poyamba analibe tsinde kalembedwe, mwina pa kulemba Chinese. Chifukwa otchulidwa Japanese ndi tanthauzo zambiri ingathandize mawu a Chinese, koma kupeza kufanana zingakhale zovuta zina. Kotero, chilankhulo Japanese lagawidwa m'magulu atatu: Kanji - ndi Kanji, yemwe anabwera kuno ku China, hiragana ndi katakana - mbadwa Japanese zilembo.

Kanji

Chinese zilembo ntchito udindo manauni ena, adjectives kwa maziko, komanso kulemba maina awo omwe. The phindu ndi mtundu wa kuwerenga Kanji zimadalira mmene anabwerera ku Japan. Monga ulamuliro, komabe zimatengera malo ake mu chiganizo pa nkhani yonse. Kwa anthu osiyanasiyana olembedwa pali mitundu zoposa khumi kuwerenga. Werengani Zikatero, mungagwiritse ntchito imodzi mwa machitidwe awiri. Wina wotchedwa onemi, ndi chofunikira ake kwagona kuti khalidwe ndi kuwerenga kalembedwe Chinese. wachiwiri amatchedwa kunemi - katchulidwe, mogwirizana ndi malamulo a chinenero Japanese.

hiragana

Native otchulidwa Japanese ndi phindu imafalikira kudzera Hiragana zilembo. Lili makamaka mavawelo kupatula munthu consonant - «H». Zizindikiro izi olembedwa ntchito kutembenuza manauni ndi adjectives Anabwereka Kanji. Ndi hiragana zimachitika prefixes, suffixes kutsekedwa. Nthawi zambiri, mawonekedwe a zilembo mawu mu chinenero chimene chinkalankhulidwa ndi zimachitika makalata ya Japanese. Hiragana ndi chipulumutso kwa iwo amene sadziwa Kanji. M'menemo muli ofanana matanthauzo ambiri amene akhoza kufotokoza tanthauzo la ozolowereka anthu ena morpheme zinachokera ku chinenero Chinese.

katakana

Izi chachiwiri mbadwa zilembo Japanese amagwiritsidwanso ntchito wothandiza ndi. Komabe, sikukukolana ndi Kanji, hiragana, mosiyana. Ngati simukudziwa chimene Kanji mu Japanese anaitenga ku Asia ena (kupatula Chinese) zinenero, mukhoza ntchito kusamutsa zamalankhulidwe chimodzi cha zifanizo a katakana zilembo. Kuona kuti zizindikiro olembedwa a zilembo akugwiritsidwa kokha ngati lingaliro, ndipo kuli wamba kulankhula kuposa hiragana.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Pakuti munthu aliyense European mfundo zimene zilembo monga iwo kuwerenga ndi mmene kumvetsa zovuta. Komabe, mu zaka za m'ma lomaliza, ndi zina Charles K. yamtendere anayesa kulenga logwirizana lonse kakale kulemba dongosolo ndi chinenero, kotero kuti anthu, nenani, France amatha kulankhula momasuka ndi anthu Chinese. Komabe, zoyesayesa wake analephera. Koma mu Japan, pali mtundu wina wa chinenero wotchedwa Romaji. Iyi ndi mbiri ya mawu pogwiritsa ntchito zilembo za m'Chilatini, lomwe nthawi yomweyo amatilola kuwerenga khalidwe ndi kutchula molondola.