Voronezh kumasulidwa kwa adani Nazi

Alimbe mtima wa anthu Soviet anapambana nkhondo kowopsya Mu zaka zapitazo. ft awo anali tsiku ndi tsiku kutsogolo, mu kumbuyo, mmunda, mu nkhalango olimbanawo ndi zithaphwi. Masamba a History of the Great kukonda dziko lako achotsa chifukwa chokumbukira anthu, zimenezi kumathandiza kuti nthawi mwamtendere ndi kusiya pang'onopang'ono m'badwo amunamuna. Tiyenera kukumbukira ndi kachilombo kwa anthu ena m'tsogolo maphunziro a mtima ndi kwakuti tsoka la anthu. Kuzinga Leningrad, Nkhondo ya Moscow, Stalingrad, Kursk, kumasulidwa kwa Voronezh ndi aliyense nkhondo kuti nkhondo, amene anathandiza kupambana inchi m'dziko mbadwa miyoyo yawo.

The vuto kutsogolo

Chilimwe 1942 unali Germany mwayi wachiwiri pa kuchira kuyamba kumenyana ndi. A gulu lalikulu la asilikali watsekedwa motsogozedwa kumpoto (Leningrad), zomvetsa yaikulu kumenyana Moscow kwambiri mtima wa Changu cha Hitler ndipo anabweretsa maganizo ake kugwila mphezi Soviet Union yochepa. Tsopano, aliyense ntchito asilikali mosamala anakonza, anachita regrouping wa asilikali, kukonza njira ya okwanira ndi gulu la misonkhano kumbuyo. nkhanza Nazi ku madera azikhala ndi adawutsa yoweyula kayendedwe zigawenga ndi waukulu mdani gulu sanali otetezeka kotheratu. Zosokoneza mu kotunga mazana a magalimoto njanji msewu ndi anthu oti ndi zida, chiwonongeko chotheratu cha ang'ono mayunitsi German, kulanda nzeru mayunitsi zonse wa asilikali Soviet angaletsedwe kwambiri ankhondowo. Choncho, ntchito "Blau" (pa East Front) anayamba kupanga kutenga nkhani zochitika zonse zotheka, koma ngakhale amachita woyenera njira Anazi sanali kuganizira khama ndiponso kulimba mtima wa zokometsera wa Voronezh. Izi wakale Russian mzinda pabwere wa Hitler, koma adani ake ndi chiwonongeko, malinga ndi Germany, sanafune kuti kwambiri kuchuluka kwa nthawi. More zodabwitsa kuti iwo anali nkhondo yomaliza mu mzinda wa Voronezh. Wosamasula wake kwathunthu zimatheka chifukwa cha mu January 1943, yogwira amanyansidwa ntchito, koma anakhalabe "wosagonjetsedwa."

Mipherezero latsopano la Hitler

Chifukwa gawo lalikulu la malo mayunitsi lankhondo la Germany anakumana vuto chakudya. The Army zonse thandizo la chakudya, zovala ndi mafuta. Kubwezeretsanso zofunika m'munsi gwero, yomwe pa nthawiyo anaikira mu manja la mdani. The adani a Caucasus kuti asankha ndi mafuta ndi mphamvu chuma cha vuto, koma lamulo Soviet zolinga Hitler anali momveka, ndi kum'mawa anaikira mphamvu yaikulu ya kukana. The Kuoloka kwa Don Mtsinje, namtsata ndi chiwonongeko cha asilikali othandiza Voronezh, adzalola Anazi kuchita ntchito bwinobwino "Blau" ndi kukhala m'ziwawa kuukira mzinda wa Stalingrad. Choncho, malangizo kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa kutsogolo pofika chilimwe cha 1942, asilikali yaikulu asilikali lopondereza anali kulimbikira. Anthu oposa theka la mafupa onse Moto ndi 35-40% magulu a oyenda nawo pa kutsogolo Soviet-German, atapereka tithe kugwiritsa maloto Mtsogoleri wa yolanda Caucasus. June 28, 1942 ku Germany anapezerapo Opaleshoni "Blau" omwe anakhumudwitsidwa ndi asilikali a Soviet pa Stalingrad ndi mu mzinda wa Voronezh. Kumasuka ku Nazi anadikira Kursk, Orel, amene anagwidwa pa kuukira Moscow.

The kuukira Voronezh

Chiyambireni nkhondo Voronezh, ngati mizinda yonse ya USSR, izo anasamutsidwa kuti zinthu usilikali. , A yolimbikitsa misa, makampani zambiri akhala anapatutsa kwa mankhwala ankhondo (zoposa 100 zinthu: .. IL-2 ndege, "Katyusha", oti muli nazo zida, yunifolomu, etc.), yaikulu komanso yofunika kwambiri kwa chuma anasamutsidwa mmbuyo. Voronezh ankakonza kubweza zotheka Nazi kuukira kuchokera kumadzulo. M'chaka cha 1942 tinayamba tima mabomba amene adawononga mayendedwe a sitima. Pa nthawi imeneyi zinali mawonekedwe okha a chamoyo zoyendera. Kwambiri kuonongeka pakati mbiri ya mzinda wakale wa Voronezh. Labor Kumasuka Street (poyamba Vvedenskaya) ndi mpingo, ndi obisika anataya kwambiri kuchuluka misewu mbiri. Division PVO analengedwa mwa atsikana amene anali kukhala m'dera ndipo mumzindawo. Ambiri nemobilizovannyh mu zonse amuna ankhondo (antchito, aphunzitsi, ana asukulu) anapita kwa asilikali, amene adatenga nkhonyayo woyamba ndi makina German nkhondo. Pa chitsogozo cha Voronezh kutsogolo mzere Patapita chinali chapadera, nchifukwa chake asilikali German anaswa chitetezo ndi mofulumira anadza kwa malire a mzinda. July 6 Nazi anawoloka Don ndi kulowa mumzinda wa Voronezh. Pa nthawi imeneyi, a asilikali German mokondwera inanena kuti analanda mzinda, iwo sanali kuoneratu kuti kwathunthu kuulanda analephera. Kumasulidwa kwa Voronezh January 25, 1943 ndi chifukwa bridgeheads ndi mphezi anagwirizira nkhondo zonse Soviet yodzitetezera. Ndi nthawi yatsoka wa Nazi ku mzinda ambiri a iwo anawonongedwa ndi mabomba, moto nyumba, mafakitale. Pansi pa zikhalidwe izi, anagwira misa achoke ya anthu, zipatala, ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa chuma cha makampani mafakitale ndi katundu wa mbiri ndi chikhalidwe.

mzere kutsogolo

Voronezh kumasulidwa kwa adani Nazi anayamba kuchokera kumanzere gombe la mtsinje. Patsogolo kuchokera kum'mwera ndi kumadzulo, Germany ndiribe anakumana ndi atangokanidwa moyenera, kotero mudzi adakhulupirira analandidwa. Banki lamanja la pa Voronezh Mtsinje sichinayambe analimbitsa kwa nkhondo kumbuyo, mayunitsi zonse wa asilikali Soviet anali kutali, chifukwa kutengerapo awo nthawi ndiponso malo staging kwa analamula. Mu mzinda anali mbali ya NKVD, asilikali battalion, Regiment 41 alonda malire ndiponso odana ndi ndege gunners, amene linasakazidwa. Kwambiri mankhwala awa amalimbikitsidwa lamanzere gombe la mtsinje ndipo anayamba kumanga malinga. Inali ntchito wotsala kuti kangachedwetse ukulu wa Nazi. Zimenezi zinathandiza kuteteza mtsinje kudutsa Voronezh ndi msanga isanayambike mayunitsi a German mpaka kufika pa zida zosinthira. Mu zikhalidwe za nkhondo m'tawuni Voronezh yotopetsa mdani, ndipo anachoka ku banki kumanzere kunja. Pa malamulo Stalin mu Voronezh Reserve Brigade ananditumiza 8, wopangidwa mwa Siberians. The Germany anakwanitsa kupeza kufalikira m'mbali kumanja, koma anapitiriza pasadakhale awo anaimitsa mtsinje, kapena m'malo ndikosatheka kukakamiza. Mzere kutsogolo umachokera ku siteshoni. Otrozhka kuti confluence. Voronezh Don. Udindo wa asilikali Soviet inali m'madera zogona ndi pansi fakitale, malo abwino yodzibisa wabwino. mdani sanaone mayunitsi kusamutsidwa, posts lamulo ndi ongoganizira chabe pa osalimba a moto pa mphamvu kumbuyo. Mkulu Wolamulira wa mlingo anabwera dongosolo kuti am'manga achifasizimu pa Voronezh Mtsinje, osati kutenga maudindo. The Information Soviet Bureau lipoti pa khalidwe la Nkhondo m'malo yosokoneza. Iwo anali anafuulira za kumenyana katundu m'dera Voronezh.

podziteteza

Pa July 4, 1942 nkhondo aukali zinakambidwa pa gombe kudzanja lamanja la mzinda. mayunitsi angapo asilikali Soviet Ofisala, odzipereka mbali ya NKVD, odana ndi ndege gunners anachita mu Voronezh mzinda. Ntchito ngati chophimbira nyumba mzinda wa iwo anawolokera banki bwino ndi kuwononga Nazi. ndizi The zinachitikadi ndi chachikulu zida zankhondo thandizo, amene anali pa gombe kumanzere. Omenyana ku mtsinje anathamangira yomweyo mu nkhondo yolimbana ndi mphamvu kuposa adani, amene anali ndi mwayi malo. Kumanja Bank anali m'malo otsetsereka, limapangitsa kayendedwe ka mayunitsi. Akusowa kulimbamtima kwa anthu awa zinachititsa chakuti pa July 6-7, ndewu anali kupita m'misewu: Pomyalovsky, Stepan Razin, utasintha Avenue, Nikitinskaya, Chichewa, Dzerzhinsky, Kumasuka wa Labor. Voronezh Kodi kudzipereka kwa Aisiraeli, koma anayenera kusiya nagonjetsa, onyamula kwambiri zomvetsa pa Kuoloka. Kupulumuka asilikali anafika ku banki kumanzere July 10, cholinga chawo chachikulu chinali kulimbikitsa udindo kumbuyo ndi kukonzekera pakutchulidwa wotsatira wa bridgeheads lapansi. Voronezh kumasulidwa anayamba ndi tsiku isanayambike inatenga miyezi isanu yaitali.

Hot mawanga pa mapu

Kumasulidwa kwa Voronezh anapitiriza kumanzere banki mzere yodzitetezera titalephera mdani wogonjetsa mzinda wonsewo. ntchito zolawula sinathe, reinforcements anadza, asilikali a Soviet zochokera mu mzinda anapitiriza kuwononga Nazi. Mzere kutsogolo zasintha kangapo patsiku, kulimbana anali kwa kotala wina, street, nyumba. German thanki ndi oyenda magulu mobwerezabwereza anayesa kuwoloka mtsinje Voronezh. Kumasulidwa kwa kumanzere banki ya chitetezo ya amatanthauza kugonjetsa mzinda, nsinga yake. milatho Otrozhenskie Kuoloka Semiluksky pansi shelling, mabomba ndi thanki kuukira zonse. Kumbuyo sikuti kumenyana imfa, anayambiranso nyumba zowonongeka pansi moto pa kuukira. Ndi gombe malamulo pambuyo m'mizinda Anazi asilikali Soviet, kubweretsa ovulala, othawa anali, nthawi kuti Germany anayesa kuukira kapena kuti akapeze akuthamanga ndime ya. Kuwoloka mtsinje Voronezh analephera ndi mlatho sitima, asilikali Soviet, pozindikira kuti kwa nthawi yaitali sadzatha kuti muli alimbane ndi mdani, wedged mlatho moto zikuchokera. Usiku, chikhato chapakati anali ncho ndi litaphulitsidwa. Voronezh kumasulidwa kwa adani Nazi chifukwa kukhazikitsa kufalikira, chimene chingalowe kudalira mbali pomenyana wa asilikali Soviet. Gwirani pansi pa mtengo wa maudindo awo moyo pa Chizhovka ndi pansi Shilovo, asilikali anawononga magulu mdani lalikulu. Mbali zimenezi staging ali kumanja gombe mbali ya mzinda, Germany anakwanitsa kupeza poponda pa iwo ndipo anapereka kukana amphamvu. Chizhovka asilikali otchedwa "chigwa cha imfa", koma nalanda ndi kuchitsatira, analanda Germany angagwire ntchito, muvale zochita zawo m'chigawo chapakati cha mzinda.

August, September 42

kusiyana Chiwawa kunachitika mu chipatala ndipo pa sukulu. District City Park ndi Institute ulimi zinamenyanitsa ndi zipolopolo ndi zipolopolo, aliyense malo ankawaviika magazi a asilikali Soviet amene anamenya yomasulira Voronezh. Photos malo ulemerero asilikali ndasunga lonse lonse ndi nkhanza za nkhondoyo. Mboni ndi chipilala cha tsiku ndi Rotunda (Chipinda Cowonetsera opaleshoni dipatimenti), ndi kokha kupulumuka nyumba kuchipatala dera. The Germany lililonse thupi mu emplacement yamalinga, zomwe zinachititsa kuti kukhale kovuta kwa asilikali Soviet kugwila chinthu pamalo abwino ofunika. Skirmishes anapitiriza miyezi, chifukwa awo anali olimba za mzere kutsogolo, dziko la Germany anakakamizika abwerere. Kumasulidwa kwa Voronezh, banki yake, unatenga masiku 212, usana ndi usiku. Pomenyana chinkachitika mu mzinda, mabusa ake, m'madera kudutsa kutalika kwa mtsinje.

Voronezh kumasulidwa kwa adani Nazi

"Opaleshoni Little Saturn" mosamala anakonza ndipo anawakonzera lamulo Soviet. Mu mbiri ya nkhondo, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "Stalingrad pa Don", izo anachita atsogoleri kwambiri asilikali kuti: P. S. Rybalko, G. K. Zhukov, Vasilevskiy A. M., K. S. Moskalenko, I. D. Chernyahovsky, F. Golikov. Choyamba amanyansidwa kanthu anapanga ndi bridgeheads, amene anali tipezenso mphamvu mayunitsi ndi kukhala nyumba zonse akuzinga mu nkhondoyo. Kumasulidwa kwa Voronezh pa January 25 Kodi zotsatira za Nkhondo ya Voronezh (January 24, 1943 - February 2). 60 Army molamulidwa ndi Ivan Chernyakhovsky alanda mzindawo ndi kuyeretsa kwathunthu ku zidutswa mdani wako. Soviet nkhondo yokakamiza Anazi ndipo anathawa, kusiya malo awo kutsogolo anazungulira dziko la Germany anayesa kukhalabe mayunitsi nkhondowo-wokonzeka a asilikali. Long, nkhondo yotopetsa m'madera a m'tawuni kuti kwambiri yafupika chiwerengero cha asilikali German ndi kuonongedwa kumenyana ake mzimu. Malipoti ochokera News 26. 01. '43 zinkamveka uthenga zotsatirazi: chifukwa cha mphamvu amanyansidwa a asilikali Soviet wa Voronezh ndi Bryansk amadzibisa anali kumasulidwa kwa Voronezh January 25, 1943. Photos ndi makanema a tsiku kusonyeza kuposa kale lonse la chiwonongeko. Mzindawu inawonongedwa, anthu ake, kapena kulamanzere, kapena anaphedwa ndi Anazi. Pa bwinja la nyumba otsala zinali zii kuti anthu anali njenjenje kwa phokoso la mapazi ake.

chiwonongeko

Hitler Voronezh anafunika monga ponyamukira yabwino offensives zina kummawa. Germany analanda mzinda ndipo sanathe Chotero, pa malo ena a mbali ya kudzanja banki analandira lamulo kwa kupulumuka migodi nyumba yonse wamtali. mabomba amphamvu anawononga zinthu zakale, mipingo, Palace ya Apainiya, utsogoleri cholinga nyumbayi. zamtengo onse amene anatsala mu mzindawo, unatengedwa ku West, kuphatikizapo chipilala mkuwa Petro 1 ndi Lenin. Nyumba anawonongedwa ndi 96%, mizere sitima ndi mphamvu mizere kuwonongedwa, aya sanali kugwira ntchito. Wotchuka mzinda ndi nyumba zake matabwa yapsya pa mabomba, mwala ndi njerwa nyumba, masitolo fakitale bwinja, kaamba chitetezo. Hitler analemba kuti Voronezh napukuta pa nkhope ya dziko lapansi, kuchira ake chosakwanira adzatenga zaka 50-70, iye anali wokhutitsidwa ndi chotsatirachi. Pochokera wamba achoke amangenso mzinda kwenikweni njerwa ndi njerwa, nyumba ambiri ncho, chifukwa mu wamba ovulala. Voronezh anali pakati pa 15 kwambiri adzawonongedwa pa Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo m'mizinda. Pa kuchira lamulo wapadera zipangizo ndi zipangizo yomanga anasankhidwa. Voronezh Sichinatsitsidwe anagonjera ku Germany ndi chitayiko, iye zinapatsira ndi mzimu wa nkhondo, manda misa yokutidwa ndi zokometsera zawo, koma ndi moyo ndi kukula.

Mtengo kwa kutsogolo

Division kuteteza Voronezh, ikuchitika pa nthawi yomweyo angapo ntchito zofunika. Ankamangirira gulu lalikulu la asilikali mdani, zimene zinaphatikizapo osati mbali German, komanso ogwirizana ake pa nkhondo imeneyi. Italy, makamu Chihangare anagonjetsedwa pa tiponye malangizo a Voronezh. Pambuyo kugonjetsedwa kumeneku la Hungary (osadziwa mpaka tsiku zomvetsa zikuluzikulu) adatuluka mgwirizano ndi Germany ndi nkhondo patsogolo kum'mawa. Voronezh zokometsera yokutidwa Moscow ndi kumbuyo zofunika dziko maukonde zoyendera motsogozedwa kum'mwera. amaikira kumbuyo kwa mzindawo sankaloledwa Hitler kumugwira mwakamodzi, ndipo anasolola kuchokera m'gulu limene amayenera kuchoka pa Stalingrad. Mu Voronezh malangizo 25 German magulu inawonongedwa, asilikali oposa 75 zikwi ndi alonda anagonja. Pamene ntchito lopondereza wa dera ndi mzinda misa kupulula a anthu wamba zinachititsa kuti mapangidwe kayendedwe zigawenga. Pambuyo kumasulidwa kwa mayunitsi limodzi ndi mayunitsi zonse wa asilikali Soviet. Kumasuka Tsiku Voronezh anakhala kwa anthu ambiri si holide, komanso chiyambi cha ntchito yaikulu kulenga. Kubwezeretsa mzinda anafuna kuti anthu anamanganso latsopano, koma ndi 1945, "wosagonjetsedwa" moyo unali pachimake.