Ulova ndi Chilamulo Okun a

Ulova ndi ulova anakakamizika ntchito, akuwuka chifukwa cha zonse limavomerezedwa mgwirizano pakati okwanira ndi kufunika pa msika ntchito. Iwo akhoza kuzindikiridwa ngati patsogolo maganizo ake, monga zaufulu (frictional), structural, cyclical, luso, nyengo, ndi zina zobisika.

Chifukwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, mlingo wa mlingo boma ulova sizichitika nthawi zonse, chifukwa ulova chobisika (mu gulu ili mulinso m'mudzimo m'madera overpopulated) pa mlingo waukulu kuposa mitundu ina yonse. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ziwerengero boma Kodi kuganizira chiwerengero cha nzika lova amene anasiya kufunafuna ntchito (musati kukalembetsa pa kuwombola ntchito), komanso anthu amene safuna kugwira ntchito (anthu otere za miliyoni 1-2 m'mayiko onse akuluakulu a msika anayamba ). anthu awa chabe kulibe kwa ziwerengero cha boma. Zonsezi amakhudza understatement zochuluka ulova.

Kufunika kwa mawerengedwe a mlingo wa ulova. ndalamazo akuti ganizilani kuchuluka otaika kwa dziko chuma Mankhwala M'banja mogwirizana ndi izo. Pakuti chuma, malamulo Okun a akufotokoza backlog ya GDP mwenimwenimo phindu lake lingathe.

American wasayansi A. Oukenu kusonyeza kukhalako kwa ubale pakati pa buku la mankhwala okwana ndi ulova. ubwenzi anadziwika lamulo Okun a. Malinga ndi lamulo limeneli, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala fuko ndi inversely molingana ndi chiwerengero cha anthu zosalembedwa mu dziko. Ndi kukula kwa ulova ndi 1% mtengo wa GDP weniweni yafupika ndi osachepera 2%. Popeza ulova zachilengedwe zimayamba ndi wachikhalire chifukwa mawerengedwe a backlog dziko buku mankhwala kuganizira yekha ulova kwambiri. Izi view yamasika, ndi njira, lero lililonse kwa maiko otukuka.

Kuwunika mlingo wa zachilengedwe ulova anavomera kutenga wofanana ndi 6% ya chiwerengero cha anthu amphamvu. Poyamba, za 30-35 zaka zapitazo, iye anafunitsitsa 3%, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti ntchito zoyendayenda chawonjezeka (umenewu umatipatsa kuwonjezeka ulova kwawo) ndipo NTP mlingo kuchuluka (izo kumawonjezera structural ulova). Mu nthawi yathu, mlingo okwana ulova zambiri kuposa mlingo zachilengedwe, zomwe, malinga ndi Chilamulo Okun a, zikubweretsa kufa GDP a msika dziko.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, Chilamulo Okun chikusonyezera ubale osiyanitsidwa. Mfundo yaikulu ya zimenezo, nkhani kuti chiwerengero cha mankhwala mayiko mwa osachepera 2,7% ya chiwerengero cha anthu lova adzakhala yemweyo ndipo musapyole mfundo achilengedwe. Choncho, ngati magawo zazikulu za citukuko sungagonjetse peresenti atatu chotchinga, mlingo ulova mu dziko ikukula.

Tikumbukenso kuti Chilamulo Okun si lamulo lokhwima, zomwe ndithudi imagwiridwa zivute zitani. M'malo mwake, ndi azimuth kuti ali lililonse dziko ndi nthawi zofooka nthawi.

Kutuluka ulova ali zotsatirazi zotsatira zoipa: pali underutilization, devaluation wa kuthekera ntchito ya dziko, mkhalidwe wa moyo chatsika, amayamba kuthamanga pa mtengo malipiro wowonjezera ndalama onse pa kusintha kwa uphungu ntchito kapena konzanso udindo akatswiri chiwerengero cha zokhumudwitsa.

Zinthu zazikulu zokhudza mlingo ulova ali motere:

- gulu ndi chuma - boma la zomangamanga msika, ntchito, kusintha njira gulu ndi malamulo a mabungwe ndi makampani, anthu wamba, kusintha kandalama chuma;

- Economic - kufufuma ndi mitengo, mlingo wa kudzikundikira, boma limene ndalama ntchito, chuma ndi ngongole ndiponso yopanga dziko;

- luso ndi chuma - NTP mayendedwe, chiŵerengero a kapezedwe ndi kufunika kumabungwe osiyanasiyana msika ntchito, kusintha kandalama chuma;

- zaziwerengero - chonde, imfa, ndi msinkhu ndi kugonana Kapangidwe ka anthu, moyo amayembekezeka, mayendedwe ndi mabuku a utuluke kusamuka.