Kodi phindu la zachuma?

chuma sangakhoze anaphunzira popanda kudziwa zenizeni categorical zida. Imodzi mwa magawo zikuluzikulu sayansi ndi zabwino zachuma. M'nkhaniyi tiona kupereka tanthauzo la mawu amenewa, komanso kukuuzani losiyanasiyana ubwino.

Tikukhala m'dziko la zosowa, ndi zofuna za osatha - mwamsanga pamene munthu litakumananso, ndiye pali ena, mlingo wokwererapo. M'lingaliro wodziika, phindu - kanthu kena kamene kukwaniritsa zofuna anthu a mitundu yonse thupi, makhalidwe, maganizo ndi zina zotero. Monga chuma amasanthula kuwombola mafunso abwino zachuma - n'kwabwino kuti akhoza umasinthanitsidwa zinthu zina zofunikila matanthauzo opindulitsa pa kampani. Ngati pali kuthekera kuwombola, ndiye ndi mtengo ena anapereka mchikakamizo cha okwanira ndi akumufuna. Kuchokera pa zimene takambiranazi, akhoza chimatanthauza ubwino chuma - ndi zinthu zonse, njira, ndi zochitika zimene angathe kukwaniritsa lamulo makamaka munthu, free kapena pang'ono kusinthana msika. An khalidwe zofunika ndi ubwino zochepa kuchuluka poyerekeza ndi zofuna anthu.

Ine ndikutsimikiza owerenga ambiri kudzifunsa funso: Kodi phindu zachuma isiyana mwachizolowezi? Yankho: Ndi zonse n'zotheka nzeru zabwino ndi katundu wina. Choncho, munthu sangathe kupeza phindu chuma mphatso - ndithu amafunika kupereka phindu. Dziwani kuti limodzi ndi chuma, palinso ufulu zabwino, monga dzuwa, kukhutiritsa kusowa kutentha ndi kuwala, mpweya, amene amapereka mwayi kupuma. Ndi tanthauzo, kupereka katundu izi waukulu zedi moti mtengo mgwirizano amakhala ziro. Mwachitsanzo, nkhani zosangalatsa amapezeka ndi madzi: kukhala ndi chikhalidwe ufulu wabwino (kumwa ku mtsinje, safuna kulipira chilichonse), ndi pambuyo chithandizo, chlorination, kusefera ndi yobereka madzi amakhala dalitso zachuma. Onaninso kuti si zonse zimene abwera kwaulere ndi zosadziwika: Mwachitsanzo, filimu yomwe dawunilodi ndi wosuta kudzera mtsinje lodziwa kumene kuli, iye amapeza free, koma yokhala ndi chinthu kukopera yekha Mlengi, ndipo mukhoza mwalamulo ntchito kokha ndalama.

Popeza maganizo "phindu zachuma" zikuphatikizapo mndandanda pafupifupi malire mitundu yonse ya katundu, chithandizo ndi mankhwala a nzeru katundu, analandira iwo mwa njira m'kagulu. Gawo ndi phindu chizindikiritso amatanthauza kulekana kwa ubwino zachuma phindu kufunika zolaula (zomwe Tingaone ngakhale pamaso kugula), chabwino mtengo chobisika (zomwe zingadziŵike okha pogula katundu), ndi yonena zabwino, mtengo wa yomwe imapezeka patapita kanthawi ogulidwa ndi ntchito. Choncho, akuoneka makhalidwe abwino kungakhale masamba kapena zipatso - mu maonekedwe ake angathe kudziwa ubwino wake musanagule. Chitsanzo cha phindu la mtengo zobisika atha kutumikira ngati bokosi la chokoleti - tisanayambe analipira mtengo wake ndipo anatsegula, sitingadziwe ubwino ndi kufunika kwa nkhani yake. A phindu lililonse la kukhulupirira - mankhwala amene kanthu kumaonekera pokhapokha njira ya chithandizo. Komanso, phindu zachuma ali m'magulu malinga nawo ogula dengu, komanso kudalira kugula awo pa mlingo wa mitengo ndi ndalama ogula. Malinga ndi gulu ili kusiyanitsa ubwino zofunikira wabwino, wamba ndi udindo.

Monga mukuonera, ndi bwino chuma chinthu wa sayansi zachuma. Choncho, chakale chiphunzitso "..proizvodstva, kuwombola ndi kumwa katundu, ntchito ndi malingaliro" akhoza m'malo ndi "... yopanga, kuwombola ndi kumwa ubwino chuma."