Rogun yomanga

Rogun hydropower mbewu za polojekiti Tajikistan anayamba anazindikira mu 1976, pamene Soviet Utumiki wa Omanga ovomerezeka zikalata zogwirizana. Pa chitukuko cha dongosolo anaika Tashkent "Hydroproject". Pachiyambi zinali zoonekeratu kuti ntchito yomanga imeneyi siteshoni opangira magetsi mphamvu kudzakhala kovuta. siteshoni anamangidwira mu mavuto achilengedwe a ku Central Asia.

mavuto ntchito

Rogun HPP anaopseza komanso kuopsezedwa ndi zifukwa zingapo. Choyamba, ndi seismicity mkulu wa m'deralo. zivomezi Minor zimachitika kuno nthawi zonse. Iwo sali choipitsitsa kwa HPP, koma ngati chiwonongeko zosayembekezereka ndi wamphamvu kwambiri (monga iyo inali kumbuyo mu 1911), ndiye atamuopseza chiwonongeko cha damu idzakhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri - chandamale ake.

Kachiwiri, omangawo anali kumenyera kumanga ngalande ku miyala wosakhazikika ndi lotayirira. Kachitatu, pali vuto, imene ili pansi Vakhsh thanthwe mchere. Maonekedwe a damu la kungachititse kuti madzi seepage komanso kukokoloka kwa nthaka dongosolo. Constructors wa Rogun HPP anali kuganizira mfundo zonsezi. Asachite yomanga siteshoni atsogoleri Soviet sanafune, chifukwa amayenera mbali yofunika zachuma mu moyo wa Central Asia.

Soviet yomanga yaitali

Ngakhale pomanga Rogun hydropower zomera zikuphatikizapo zovuta zambiri, constructors anatha kupeza njira zimene zathandiza pansi m'mbali akhakula. Madzi imatengedwa zofunika ntchito kuthamanga pozungulira mosungiramo thanthwe mchere, pamene mu mapangidwe a chidzatambasulidwa anadyetsa njira zimalimbikitsa. chigamulocho. yoyenera kwambiri imeneyi. Uyamiko kwa Iye, amayenera kuteteza yanyumba mchere.

Zivomezi - tsoka loopsa. Izi si zongomva amadziwa aliyense Tajikistan. Rogun damu udaikidwa pa maziko kuti adzatha kulimbana chivomezi chilichonse. Kuti tichite zimenezi, thupi la damu anapanga friable ndi zovuta kusasintha. Pakuti loam pachimake ntchito ndi miyala. Ichi chidachitika kuti thanthwe wodzazidwa voids zofewa ndi ming'alu chifukwa cha zivomezi.

Chiyambi cha ntchito

Omanga atangofika mu kugwa kwa 1976 Rogun. Nsanja pakuti ntchito zawo zinamangidwa pamalo okwera mamita oposa 1 zikwi. Malo wasankhidwa kuti Rogun siteshoni opangira magetsi mphamvu, nthawi wogontha ndithu. Mtunda pakati pa malo nyumba ndi yapafupi pasiteshoni ya sitima zaka 80 Km. Zipangizo zofunika zomangamanga latsopano anapulumutsa ochokera m'dziko lomweli. Hayidiroliki chopangira mphamvu ndi tiransifoma anali kupanga Ukraine, pamene akutali Sverdlovsk anapanga hydro. Pakuti zikuchokera kwa Rogun hydropower mbewu kumanga kukumana oposa 300 mabizinezi Soviet.

City Rogun, amene anakhazikika siteshoni omanga inamangidwa kuchokera zikande. Mipikisano storey nyumba, sukulu ya mkaka, sukulu - onse kuti kulibe pamaso ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito wofuna mphamvu ntchito. Kutentha nyumba ndi magetsi boilers.

Kumathandiza anayamba kumanga zomera nthilira ndi malowedwe a ngalande ku miyala lotayirira wosakhazikika, kumene kunali nkhawa kwambili. Ina kudula ndi wosemera, una wa amenewa anali bwinobwino concreting. Total anakonza zoti akakhale makilomita 63. Kumathandiza anayenda kwa wina ndi mzake kuchokera ku mbali zonse. Yodula zinachitikadi ndi pakati. Chifukwa chaichi migodi zina.

Ngalande ndi damu

Kwa zaka khumi, ndi pa Rogun wake wakhanda, zithunzi yomanga umene unayamba kugwa mu atolankhani Soviet, pafupifupi zikutsatiridwa kuyambira nthawi yonseyi imachitika malowedwe ngalande. Mofulumira ntchito ndi ndalama, anaganiza kuti ntchito powerenga dambo magalimoto ndi malamba lalikulu. Malinga ndi akatswiri, kotero Zachuma anatha kupulumutsa anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 75-85 rubles.

Yomanga damu inayamba mu 1987. December 27 watsekedwa ndi mtsinje Vakhsh. Mu 1993, kutalika mlatho ali pa 40 mamita ndi kutalika mumphangayo anafika 21 Km. Thiransifoma ndi makina maholo anali pang'ono. Komabe, ntchito sanali kutsindikiza kutsiriza. Chifukwa kugwa kwa USSR, zikamera wa mavuto azachuma ndi zinthu zina zomangamanga anali mothballed.

kuwonongeka 1993

Mu 1993, a Rogun anapulumuka lalikulu galimoto ngozi. Zaka zingapo pambuyo alipo mtsinje Vakhsh zinachitika balalabalala kumanga mlatho. Chifukwa kuti adzakhala kusefukira kwa madzi amphamvu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, madzi kutenga una wa yosatha ndi chopangira mphamvu holo malo munadzaza madzi.

Ndithudi, zomera aliyense hydropower tikulimbana ndi nkhawa, ngakhale iwo amayamba ndi madzi osefukira kale lonse. Pa Kuthi ndi zinaonekeratu kuti tsoka sibwezi chinachitika ngati si kwa bungwe musanyalanyaze kasamalidwe, udindo yomanga. Today Rogun (August 2016 anakhala naye mwezi wina wa yogwira ntchito kukonzekera) ali eni zina, koma anali "Tadzhikglavenergo" mu 1987, kasitomala ofunda. Pakati pa nyumba imeneyi ndi kumanga Directorate ya nkhondo. Chifukwa cha Utumiki wake wa Mphamvu ya USSR asaloledwe anthu ntchito, udindo yokumana deadlines. Chisokonezo ndi chisokonezo zinachititsa kuti chakuti alipo la mtsinje zinali molawirira kwambiri. Okonza mofulumira poopa deadlines anaphonya, koma nthawi zasonyeza kuti liwiro anali kulakwitsa.

chochitikacho ofanana

Rogun zambiri poyerekeza ndi zomera zina hydropower mu Tajikistan - Nurek. Izi opangira magetsi magetsi unayambitsidwa mu 1979. Pa ntchito pa izo, panali ngozi zingapo zing'onozing'ono.

Zambiri zopweteka kufananitsa Rogun HPP Sayano-Shushenskaya. Anachitika ngozi wotsiriza unali wa khalidwe kutchulidwa technogenic. Ndiye anapha anthu 75. Omanga ndi kampani Roghun opangira magetsi kukhulupirira kuti moganizira zinachitikira onsewa awa, ndipo hes salinso anakumana ndi zadzidzidzi, monga chinachitika mu 1993.

Mbali zamakono

Chifukwa cha vuto mu Tajikistan Rogun kwa zaka khumi ndinali boma mazira. Mu 2004 chokha, akuluakulu a boma m'dzikoli amaganiza ndi Russian "Rusal" anavomera kupitiriza ntchito pa ntchito yomanga siteshoni. Likuvutika kampani zinachitikadi ngalande za zipinda anasefukira. Komabe, mgwirizano zina pakati pa zipani ali anakumana ndi mavuto aakulu. The kampani ndi boma sizikanati zigwirizane kumbali luso ntchito, kuphatikizapo kutalika damu ndi zake mtundu kapangidwe. Mu 2007, mgwilizano ndi "Rusal" wakhala kutsazikana.

Kenako, Chitajiki boma anaganiza kumaliza kumanga mphamvu opangira magetsi, kupempha thandizo ku Bank World. Mu 2010, tagwirizana walemba pa ukatswiri wa mayiko wa polojekiti. womanga wake anakhala kampani Swiss. Open olowa Company Stock unakhazikitsidwa "Rogun HPP". Masiku ano, ndi kupitiriza ntchito yomanga magetsi.

Kukwiya ndi Uzbekistan

Pafupifupi anamaliza Roghun amene mphamvu ndi 3600 MW ndi opangira magetsi zokhudza mtundu wa damu la. nyumbayi ali mayunitsi asanu hydropower anaika. Nditamaliza damu la ndipamene mosungiramo latsopano. Kutalika kwa HPP - mamita 335 (ngati polojekiti akadali lidzakwaniritsidwa, opangira magetsi magetsi adzakhala apamwamba mu dziko). Akatswiri amanena yomanga mtengo oposa $ 2 biliyoni.

Boma la Rogun hydropower mbewu lero Kwathandizanso kutsutsa ochokera mbali zambiri. Titero chachikulu ndi kuchepetsedwa kuti kusankha malo a damu la mwachitsanzo, anthu mavuto amene ankadziwika mu Soviet Union. Komabe, anthu opanga chisankho mumakhutira kuti matope ndi kugumuka, ntchito zivomerezi ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe siyingawapweteke mphamvu opangira magetsi.

Kwambiri kutsutsa anamva akuluakulu Uzbekistan (a Vakhsh Mtsinje ndi tributary wa Amu Darya, moyenda kudzera m'dera la Uzbekistan). Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuphwanya otaya wina zingakhudze zinthu zachilengedwe ku dziko loyandikana nalo. Boma Chiuzibeki mobwerezabwereza anasonyeza kutsutsana kwambiri Commission la International akulengeza kuti iye akadali zotheka kumaliza.

chinthu zachilengedwe

kuyan'anila zotheka cha machitidwe kapena pomanga Rogun opangira magetsi magetsi zingachititse ngozi chilengedwe komanso anthu. Mu Uzbekistan, kumene umayenda wa Amudarya, zinthu zikuchitika kuyanika kwa Nyanja Aral, chifukwa cha ntchito molakwika zachilengedwe mu nyengo ya Soviet.

Kumanga madamu nthawi zonse kumathandiza kufulumizitsa kukokoloka kwa nthaka. mavuto More adzalenga osefukira m'dziko, yomwe ili pa dera la posungira akufuna. Kusintha otaya mtsinje zidzakhudza osati mkati, komanso kutentha. Mosungiramo silting, imbaenda ku maonekedwe a chitayiko organic ndi mchere. Iwo alemere nthaka Komabe, kuvulaza chonde mu malire kunsi kwa mtsinje (ndiko Uzbekistan).

Atomu ndi Consortium

Kusamvana kupanga maganizo kwa njira ina mphamvu ndi mavuto a zachilengedwe m'derali. Choncho, Uzbekistan ngakhale anayesera kubweretsa Russia ndi European Union nawo ntchito latsopano yomanga zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya, chomwe chingathe kubisa zosowa za maiko ambiri ku Central Asia (ngakhalenso Pakistan, Afghanistan ndi India). Padakali kanthu uyu anadza kanthu patsogolo.

Ndizosachita kunena kuti ngati atavala nkhani lonse zochita ndi akuluakulu. Komabe, akatswiri weniweni, makamaka zachilengedwe ndikukhulupirira kuti nkhondo padziko siteshoni kwambiri politicized. vuto lagona pa choona kuti aliyense dziko limabweretsa mtsinje ake ngati katundu, pamene chuma zonse madzi ku Central Asia umanena mwa dongosolo mtsinje umodzi, zikubweretsa Nyanja Aral. Ndicho chifukwa zachilengedwe akamufunsirire kukhazikitsa Consortium mphamvu, amene kuwonjezera Tajikistan ndi Uzbekistan, pazikhalanso Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan ndi Afghanistan. Komabe, mpaka pano palibe njira yeniyeni Atengedwa umenewu.

Sarez ndi Rogun

Anthu ena otsutsa pomanga Rogun siteshoni mphamvu kupereka chuma mwachindunji polojekiti ina zokhudzana Nyanja Sarez. Iwo analowa mu 1911 pambuyo pa chivomezi zoopsa ndi Matope omwe ankakokoloka anawononga a miyala, chifukwa mu damu zachilengedwe popangidwa ndi kutseka njira Bartang. nyanja ndi anafotokozanso kuti Amu Darya beseni. Ngati pazifukwa zina (mwachitsanzo, chifukwa zivomezi mobwerezabwereza) zachilengedwe damu kugwa, ndi funde lingamutsatire ukufika ku Nyanja Aral, mavuto mpaka kalekale ku midzi yambiri ya mayiko atatu (Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, ndi Uzbekistan).

zachilengedwe zambiri akamufunsirire ntchito chuma cha Sarez Nyanja zolinga mphamvu, motero opulumutsidwa mabwalo ku kuchepekedwa, ndi kuthetsa mikangano ndi anansi ake. Rogun HPP (2016 chinali chikumbutso iye), Sarez - zinthu zonsezi kupitiriza chifukwa mikangano ndi mkangano waukulu. Othandiza Sarez ntchito amakhulupirira kuti kwa zaka zana, pali anatuluka ndi bwino zachilengedwe, kutanthauza kuti madzi ake angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda kuwononga chilengedwe. Pankhani ya Rogun "maganizo" chilengedwe, ngakhale kuti anayesedwa, ngakhale Launch zidzachitika motsatira malamulo.

Kufunika kwa zomera hydropower

Kwa zaka zambiri, Tajikistan ali ndi mavuto aakulu ndi hydrocarbon mphamvu. Makamaka, vuto kugwirizana ndi mavuto ambiri ndi Uzbekistan ndi "mpweya nkhondo" anansi.

N'chifukwa chake Rogun opangira magetsi magetsi n'kofunika kwambiri dziko, akukumana zonse kuchepekedwa mphamvu. mfundo zofanana kuteteza polojekiti palokha Tajikistan. Rogun (2016 - '40 kale kumanga ndi chiswa) amakhalabe lingaliro amodzi dziko osauka, anazitsanulira mwa izo chuma chawo chonse.