Crimea: chuma ndi zinthu. Republic of Crimea

Crimea chilumba kunali mbali yofunika ya Russian Ufumu, iye unachitikira malo kwambiri Soviet Union. Ndi wotchuka chifukwa spas ake, vinyo ndi anthu Mipikisano mitundu ndi mbiri wolemera, popeza anaphunzira kuti, izo si zotheka kuti tanthauzo ndi chuma Crimea masiku ano.

chuma

Mu Crimea, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dothi, kuphatikizapo nthaka wakuda, amene zatenga oposa 45% ya malo a pachilumbachi. Iwo bwinobwino ntchito kulima mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Chilumba ndi mtsinje pang'ono, kuthetsa mavuto a anthu ake akhala kugwiritsa ntchito madzi mobisa komanso kulenga malo yokumba, koma umoyo ndi chuma cha Crimea lero mwachuluka amadalira madzi abwino kuchokera kumtunda.

Mu kuya kwa chilumba cha alinso miyala ya chuma zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe monga zitsulo, mchere, mafuta ndi gasi, pali analandira zipangizo zosiyanasiyana nyumba.

Kumene, chuma chachikulu cha Crimea ndi zinthu zosangalatsa, zomwe ankagwiritsa ntchito zosangalatsa, ntchito zokopa alendo, mankhwala basi. Izi matope kuchiritsa, ndi spas apadera, ndi gombe pa Black ndi Azov Pacific, amene anafika ndi miyandamiyanda ya alendo chaka chilichonse.

Crimea mu masiku amakedzana

N'zoonekeratu kwambiri kuti anthu wofuna kutenga yabwino kwambiri m'dera wamoyo. Chonde dziko, pamene inu mukhoza kuchita kuswana ng'ombe ndi ulimi, wolemera mu Crimea. Chuma cha chilumba nthawi zambiri zimadalira amadalira malonda, chifukwa cha malo ake Hrs monga kumathandiza kuti ichi.

Akukhulupirira kuti anthu oyamba mu Crimea anali ngakhale 250 zikwi. Zaka zapitazo, ndi mbiri za Cimmerians, okhala chilumba mu zaka XV-VII olembedwa. BC. e. Pambuyo ali anthu okha ndi moyo pano: Brand, Sarmatians ndi Asikuti, Agiriki ndi Aroma, Khazars, Cumans ndi Pechenegs, Byzantines, Turkey, Chitata, ku Armenia ndi Asilavo. iwo onse adamsiya chizindikiro awo pa chikhalidwe cha pachilumbachi.

Crimea mu Russian Ufumu

Kapangidwe ka chilumba Russia kwawo pamaso zakale Crimea khanate, analowa mu 1783. Chaka chomwecho, doko panyanja ya Sevastopol anakhazikitsidwa. Ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo Crimea chuma walandira kuti chitukuko cha kulowetsedwa lalikulu la ndalama kuchokera ku zosungidwa Russian.

Yachokera mizinda latsopano, midzi ndi anthu wotchuka, ndi atsopano industrialists anamanga mafakitale ndi makampani ena. Masiku amenewo, mayiko a pachilumbachi anakakhala osamuka ambiri, free ndi serfs amene anabwera kuchokera ku Russia ndi m'mayiko ena ku Ulaya. Pakuti onse anapeza ntchito pano - anthu a horticulture, viticulture, njuchi, kubala tirigu ndi fodya, ncho mchere. Zikuonekanso kufalitsidwa kwa yomanga zombo panyanja ndi ogulitsa.

Patsogolo chuma cha chilumba unawaletsera Crimea nkhondo, yomwe inayamba mu 1853, kenako ulimi wa 1917, koma mu nthawi za mtendere boma akha- kuonetsetsa chitukuko cha Tauris.

Crimea monga gawo la USSR

Crimea Economy wa RSFSR, 1954 Ufumuyo USSR, wachita kale lolunjika pa ntchito zokopa alendo, ndi chilumba ndi ikhale Onse-Union achisangalalo thanzi. Koma malowa silingakhale nchito yaikulu m'derali. Dziwani kuti zinthu zokhudza Soviet Union amayenera kulipira boma mbali pa zina ndalama ndi kusintha kwa anthu, kuti zopereka makampani zokopa alendo pa chuma cha m'dera tinganene kuti m'malo ophiphiritsa.

Kuwonjezera pa ntchito mwachizolowezi chuma kusangalala, pamodzi ndi ulimi, Crimea anakhala lalikulu panyanja m'munsi, kupereka mphamvu ya USSR pa Nyanja Black. Chilumba ali ndithu bwinobwino osauka mafakitale - woyamba wa zonse chida asilikali ndi shipbuilding. Komanso, pali makampani lotseguka nawo processing nsomba, zipatso, masamba ndi mphesa, amene mankhwala amagwiritsidwa zimagulitsidwa.

Chuma cha Crimea mbali ya Ukraine

Tsamba ili wapadera mu moyo wa pachilumbachi. Kuyambira zaka zoyambirira za perestroika ndipo kenako kugwa kwa USSR, chuma cha Republic of Crimea wayamba kusintha kwambiri. Ndipo sikuti pali zochuluka kwambiri kuti kuyambira nthawi imeneyo chilumba ali ndekha ndi ufulu wa Ukraine - zikuoneka ndi chitsanzo zachuma a msika free, umenenso akuyendera kwambiri danga pambuyo Soviet.

The chifukwa cha kusintha anali kuchepa kwambiri pa ulimi, kuchepetsa dera minda ya mpesa ndi gawo asilikali ndi pa onse anali pafupifupi anathetsa. kumabungwe osiyanasiyana chuma mosatsata thandizo boma, tsopano zonse zochokera pa mfundo za chuma payekha ndi phindu lenileni. Kunalibenso zambiri minda Union, komanso adatsekedwa kapena akunyalanyaza sanatoria ambiri ndi zina mankhwala ndi m'zipatala.

Autonomous Republic of Crimea watha kukhala zonse Union thanzi achisangalalo - tsopano alendo zambiri amakonda gombe tchuthi, ndi ulendo ku Iguputo kapena Turkey, iwo anali nthawizina yopindulitsa kwambiri.

Tourism monga maziko chuma cha Crimea

Kwa zaka 20, kuyesa kukopa ndalama pawekha mabwalo yoyenda yokha akhala makamaka bwino, kupatula mlingo wochepa wa ndalama Chiyukireniya ndi ndalama Russian. M'chaka cha 2010 chokha, zokopa alendo ali mwalamulo ananena patsogolo, ndipo boma anayamba ndalama chitukuko chuma Crimea. ndalama zambiri akhala padera mu zomangamanga ake.

Against maziko a ambiri kuchepa malonda zokopa alendo ndi kukhala zofunika kwambiri, ndipo pamodzi ndi makampani utumiki likubweretsa bajeti ya pachilumbachi osachepera 25% revenues ake. Kumayambiriro a 2014 alendo odzacheza utumiki amawasonyeza mosiyanasiyana kumakhaladi kupeza ndalama 50% ya anthu Crimea. Zoposa 75% la alendo zonse Yalta, Alushta ndi Yevpatoria.

Pambuyo kujowina Russia

chuma Russia pambuyo pa analanda dziko la Crimea wavutika palibe chuma zambiri za pachilumbachi. Ngakhale penshoni ndi malipilo m'boma pang'ono ndi pang'ono chinawonjezeka ndi 50%, koma mitengo mkuuka pa mlingo ofanana ndi katundu mtengo Chiyukireniya tsopano palibe kupeza msika wa Crimea.

Komanso, ambiri alendo kubwera kupuma pa chilumba, anali kuperekedwa kwa anthu a Ukraine. Tsopano Republic of Crimea ndi anthu ake chifukwa cha nkhondo pakati Ukraine ndi Russia wataya mbali yaikulu ya zopereka zawo.

Ndipotu, mabvuto: ndi kuchepekedwa wa madzi ndi magetsi Crimea chilumba, ndi khola zikugwira ntchito dongosolo banki - vuto, ndithudi, atha, koma zonse zimatenga nthawi.

Zam'tsogolo

Ngakhale Crimea Russian More zofunika kwa mfundo geopolitical maganizo, boma akufuna kukhala dera. Pa chaka, Unduna wa chuma cha Crimea kawiri m'malo mtsogoleri wake - Svetlana Verba, amene ankagwira ntchito mu dipatimenti kuyambira 2011, mu October 2014 alowa m'malo Nikolay Koryazhkin, malo amene nawonso, mu June 2015 anaikidwa Valentin Demidov, m'mbuyomu malo Armyansk Meya .

Mtumiki latsopano la chuma cha Crimea akufuna kwambiri kuchita kusintha kwa woyendera nthambi ufulu zachuma ndi kukopa ndalama. Malinga ndi iye, choyamba muyenera anayamba kuchita ndi bureaucracy, komanso kuti akonze dongosolo bwino ndi Kufikika zimene ndalama adzakhala yabwino kugwira ntchito kuti iwo si mantha chiyembekezo pamene inu kupanga bizinesi munakhala mu ofesi ya ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndi mabungwe.