Lachitsanzo zofunika zachuma - mwachidule

zitsanzo Economic zambiri amaimira zisathe asapita umoyo ndi zachuma ndi ubwenzi pakati pa mabungwe a zachuma, kukhazikika pa maziko a mosavuta mitundu ya katundu ndi njira lamulo la zochitika zazikulu za citukuko. Monga mabungwe a zachuma zingapangitse mabanja, Makampani ndi boma.

Kwa zaka mazana awiri otsiriza mu dziko makamaka opaleshoni anayi lonse lachitsanzo zachuma. Awa ndi machitidwe awiri ndi msika chuma lalikulu - bizinesi koyera ndi bizinesi ano, ndi mitundu iwiri ya dongosolo sanali msika - utsogoleri-lamulo ndi miyambo. Ndipo mkati anapatsidwa zitsanzo chonse zachuma zimatulutsa zosiyanasiyana zitsanzo za chitukuko zachuma m'madera munthu ndi mayiko. Izi ndizo malongosoledwe wamkulu wa nkhani zachuma padziko lonse.

dongosolo miyambo

Mtundu wa ulimi zofala m'mayiko underdeveloped ndi zikutanthauza mlingo wochepa wa zaumisiri kuchuluka mkulu wa ntchito yamanja ndi mnogoukladovuyu chuma, amene anaonekera coexistence wa zosiyanasiyana zachuma. Nthawi zambiri anasunga mitundu lachilengedwe limodzi kupanga ndi kugawa. chuma ndi mbali yofunika kupanga ang'ono-ang'ono, anapereka luso ambiri ndi minda.

Mu chuma cha dziko, kufufuta ndi dongosolo miyambo, ntchito zikuluzikulu ankaimba ndi likulu lina. Zinthu zokhudza anthu pa nthawi yomweyo kwathunthu zimadalira maziko zaka zakubadwa ndi miyambo, Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira, malo - zomwe kwambiri kumalepheretsa kukhalapo umoyo ndi zachuma.

dongosolo Administrative-lamulo

zitsanzo Economic a mtundu wa lamulo anatengedwa mu mayiko onse a msasa zokomera (pamwamba pa zonse, ku Soviet Union), komanso m'mayiko ena Asian.

mbali zapadera mtundu wa kasamalidwe zotsatirazi:

• umwini chuma chuma - boma,
• bureaucratization ndi boma monopolization a chuma,
• maziko a ntchito zachuma - mapulani chapakati chuma;
• anthu, okwanira ndi kufunika anatsimikiza ndi dipatimenti centralized mapulani, popanda ogula mwachindunji ndi opanga pa maziko a mfundo wamba ndale.

bizinesi koyera

chitsanzo Izi opareshoni m'zaka 18-19, ndipo akuimira dongosolo msika chuma ndi mpikisano koyera. ntchito zachuma kunachitidwa amalonda yekha, capitalists ndi moyenera, iwonso anali umwini wa. Kupita kudziletsa lamulo la likulu payekha pamaziko a misika ufulu ndi boma kochepa zina ndi ndondomeko imeneyi. Ife makamaka ganyu akusowa zodzitetezera pa umoyo mu mwambo ulova, ukalamba.

bizinesi zamakono

Pofika m'ma 20, mkubwela kwa luso la zopangapanga, chitukuko mofulumira zidzawonongedwa chikhalidwe, luso ndi mafakitale, mabungwe a boma ayamba nawo kumufotokozera mu chitukuko cha chuma cha dziko. Koyera bizinesi yosintha mu chitukuko cha bizinesi ano. Mu dongosolo ili, aliyense chitsanzo dziko zachuma, amene analandira mbali yake yeniyeni potengera maonekedwe a zikhalidwe, mitundu, m'mayiko ambirimbiri ndiponso mbiri. Tiyeni tione ena mwa iwo.

American lachitsanzo

• Yogwira kulimbikitsa bizinesi yaing'ono (80% ntchito zonse zatsopano analengedwa ndi mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono);
• State asang'ambe zina ndi lamulo la chuma;
• umwini State limaoneka zochepa kuchuluka okwana mawonekedwe a umwini;
• kutchulidwa stratification wa anthu mu makalasi olemera ndi osauka;
• muyezo wokwana wa amoyo ndi kuteteza moyo wa nzika osauka.

Lachitsanzo Japanese zachuma

• chikoka yogwira pa chitukuko cha boma ndi mapulani kuvomerezedwa chitukuko ichi (zaka zisanu mapulani wasenza kwa madera ena a chuma);
• malipiro ogwira ntchito wamba, mabwana wa makampani ndi osiyana pang'ono kokha, kotero mlingo ndalama ya anthu ndi mwachilungamo wogawana;
• chuma ali lathu chikhalidwe (mchitidwe ntchito moyo, mgwirizano chikhalidwe, etc.).

Korea South lachitsanzo

• State mapulani, chitukuko ndondomeko zisanu;
• okhwima lamulo la zochitika yachilendo chuma kuti tikhale wolowa ndi kuchepetsa imports;
• State kulamulira gawo la kubanki.

Lachitsanzo Chinese

• ndi coexistence msika ndi utsogoleri chafika chuma ;
• yokonza mabacteria ufulu chuma;
• ngakhale misinkhu ndalama;
• kufunika kwa banja;
• kwawo Chinese kuthandiza mwakhama chitukuko cha chuma cha dziko.