Zokhuza Moscow. Mbiri ya Moscow. amakono Moscow

Moscow - ndi chimodzi mwa waukulu mizinda mu dziko, mzinda pamene nthawi zambiri kusankha, koopsya kwa anthu a m'mayiko onse ndipo ngakhale m'maiko. Chaka chilichonse kukaona miliyoni 4-5 alendo yachilendo. Ndipo ambiri a iwo mawu "Russian", "Moscow" ndi "Kremlin" ali ndi lingaliro n'chimodzimodzi, ndipo musawaletse kupitirira chikhalidwe ulendo mzinda kuona pang'ono odziwika ndi zamakono zokopa za likulu, komanso kuti adziwane bwino ndi mbiri yake. Koma kale mumzinda uwu ndi amazipanga chidwi, komanso zinthu zimene zikuchitika tsiku ndi tsiku.

zokhuza Moscow

Malinga 2014 zaka Moscow lili ndi anthu anthu 12.108.257, 91% amene ali Russian. mzinda ili pa magombe a mtsinje chomwecho, mu chigawo chapakati cha East European Plain. Pa nthawi yomweyo Moscow mudzi wa tanthauzo feduro, amene ali pafupifupi onse a ziwalo zofunika kwambiri za mphamvu ya boma, kuwonjezera pa Constitutional Court la Chitaganya cha Russia.

Mbiri ya Moscow

Ngakhale amaganiza kuti mzinda linakhazikitsidwa chaka 1147th, zamakedzana zimene zikutanthauza kuti zaka zosachepera 1,000. Komanso pali zifukwa zokwanira kukhulupirira kuti anthu oyamba a malo awa anali vyatichi. Choncho, tsiku lenileni la mapangidwe samadziwika Moscow. N'chifukwa chiyani September 6, 2014, chaka ku likulu Russian phwando la chikumbutso 867th la mzinda? chakuti zokhuza Moscow pa mazana oyambirira linakhalapo ali wotchuka Ipatiev Chronicle. Makamaka, apa ndi pamene mukhoza kuwerenga mbiri woyamba wa m'mudzi ndi dzina lomweli, ili pa malo ano woumba msewu. chipilala mabuku akale anatchula msonkhano mu mzinda wa Moscow Prince Yuri Dolgoruky Svyatoslava Olgovicha, komanso anzawo mu 1147, chaka tsiku 'chidendene ku matamando a Mulungu ", limene, mogwirizana ndi ofufuza' anapezazo, kutanthauza Loweruka 4 April.

Komanso, kuchokera m'masiku a amadziwika kuti patapita zaka 9, mwana wa Yuriya Dolgorukogo - Andrew Bogolyubskii - maziko Borovitsky phiri laling'ono matabwa linga, lomwe linaikidwa pa retinue kalonga. Mozungulira mpanda izi, ndipo anayamba Moscow. Mbiri ya mzinda mulinso zomwe mu 1177, chaka mpanda wolimba akale unawotchedwa ndi Prince Gleb - wolamulira wa Ryazan, ndi mu malo ake anamanga latsopano.

Mbiri wotsatira wa Moscow

M'zaka 13 mzindawo unakhala likulu la ukulu palokha ndipo anapulumuka gulu kuwukira, mliri mliri, komanso kuukira wonyenga ndi looting wa gulu lankhondo la Khan Tokhtamysh patadutsa zaka 100. Ngakhale zimenezi onse, Moscow pang'ono ndi pang'ono kukhala mmodzi wa malo ofunika kwambiri chuma, chikhalidwe, zipembedzo ndi ndale Russia. Makamaka kwambiri pa chitukuko cha mzindawo pa nthawi anachita Prince Ivan Kalita ndi wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy. Makamaka zokhuza Moscow pa chiwonetsero nthawi kuti loyamba la iwo anamanga thundu, ndipo chachiwiri - woyera mwala Kremlin.

Zofunika chochitika lotsatira m'mbiri ya Moscow anayamba kulengeza Ivana Groznogo Tsar wa Moscow ndipo onse Russia ndi kukhazikitsidwa kumeneko wa mabishopu mu 1589.

Moscow ku 17 m'ma 20

Ofunikira kuchuluka udindo mu moyo mzinda wa Russia pa mafumu woyamba wa Romanov mafumu, pamene unali likulu la boma lomwe lili ndi gawo lalikulu. Ndicho chimene icho chinali chisanadze Petrine Moscow! Mbiri ya mzinda m'zaka za zana lotsatira ndi si wopanda zochitika chidwi. Komabe, kuyambira 1712, chaka n'kukhala likulu la St. Petersburg, koma mafumu onse, amene anakwera wachifumu wa Russian Ufumu, anapitiriza korona mu Moscow. Komanso, mu 1812 mzindawo unakhala yaikulu moto khwekhwe Napoleon ndi kumbuyo dziko lake.

Moscow m'zaka za m'ma 20

Pambuyo ulimi wa 1917, mzinda anapezanso udindo likulu ndipo anayamba kusintha pamaso pathu. Makamaka mu Moscow panali mobisa, Moscow inamangidwa, anayamba yogwira kukula kwa dela la mzinda wakale. Pa nthawi yomweyo, koma unawonongedwa ndi zipilala ambiri a zomangamanga achipembedzo, kuphatikizapo ansembe yotchedwa Woyera kwa Khristu Mpulumutsiyo Cathedral, Mpingo wa Akukwera, ndi ena.

Chiyambireni mapangidwe ake "Soviet" Moscow. Mbiri ya nthawi imeneyi, mzinda muli tsoka tsamba kugwirizana ndi mfundo zake amunamuna panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri, pamene masauzande ataya moyo wawo kuti kupereka mdani kulowa likulu lapamtima. Makamaka osangalala tsiku limene wotchuka Red Square Chigonjetso Tsiku perete, amene adali mathero a nkhondo kwambiri m'mbiri anthu. Pamene nyengo pambuyo nkhondo, tsiku 800th wa Moscow, kuyambitsa mapangidwe mwambo kuwayamikira mu 1947, amene akadali ndi moyo lero, ndipo mu 1950 anaonekera otchedwa "Alongo asanu ndi awiri". Pa zochitika kwambiri zimene zinachitika mu likulu la Soviet Union, tisaiwale komanso Olympic 80, limene mzinda 15 maofesi masewera atsopano zamangidwa ndi hotelo chomwecho.

The chiyambi cha nyengo pambuyo Soviet m'mbiri ya Moscow

Monga amadziwika, Soviet Union linagwa mu 1991, ndipo pa mapu a ndale a dziko anaonekera ku Russia, kapena monga kwambiri zafala m'dzikoli, Russia. Moscow n'kukhala likulu la boma la feduro ndi gawo yaikulu mu dziko, wopangidwa 85 nkhani. Mu 1995, anavomereza ngati zizindikiro latsopano boma likulu Russian monga mbendera ake, chizindikiro ndi nyimbo.

Poyambirira, kubwezeretsa kwa Khristu Mpulumutsi anali litaphulitsidwa ndi Bolsheviks, komanso tiakachisi ena achipembedzo adzawonongedwa pa kupanduka. Choncho, Moscow amakono anayamba kupanga, potengera miyambo ya zaka zam'mbuyo.

The kwambiri latsopano mapulani nyumba likulu

Kuyambira kumayambiriro 2000s, nyumba zosanja zitalizitali zambiri zasintha maonekedwe a mzinda inamangidwa Moscow. Mwa zinthu zimenezi kuoneka milimo ya mayiko Business Center "Moscow City" imene ili m'malire a malo okwana mahekitala pafupifupi 100. Komanso, inamangidwa ndi nyumba zosanja zitalizitali ena anafuna nyumba ndi maofesi. Choncho, Moscow masiku ano ndi yosintha mu mzinda, kumene mkulu-nyamuka nyumba, nsanja galasi ndi konkire salinso m'chipani. Komabe, nyumba amenewa nthawi zina 'anakula' m'madera wotchuka ndi kuwononga maonekedwe awo, monga sizimagwirizana ndi ozungulira malo m'tawuni. Mwamwayi, mu 2008, njira yomanga amatchedwa "infill chitukuko", inaletsedwa.

zipilala watsopano mwa likulu

Mu awiri zokopa zaka makumi Piggy Moscow kudzadza zipilala ambiri atsopano turobektov. Mwachitsanzo, n'zochititsa chidwi chosema "Ana - akuvutika ndi makhalidwe wamkulu". Komanso alendo a mzinda M'pofunikanso kuona zithunzi sculptural la ngwazi za nkhani ndi Conan Doyle, chipilala Nikulin, Kasupe "Pushkin ndi Natalie", Luzhkov Bridge. Ndipo, ndithudi, osanenapo chipilala chimphona kwa Peter Wamkulu, amene, ngakhale pankhaniyi za kufunika kwake luso, ndi limodzi mwa kuzindikira zokopa yamakono ya likulu. Komanso, muyenera ndithudi kuona chipilala kuti ngwazi za nkhondo, unakhazikitsidwa mu 2014.

M'nkhani ino, inu mukuyenera ndizosowa Moscow, mbiri yake ndi zokopa ano. mzinda uwu ndi wonyada wa Russia. Iwo aliyense ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti angawone ndi maso awo.