Soviet makamera: ANACHULUKITSA, "Kutuluka dzuwa", "Moscow", "pachimake", "Change"

Soviet Union ali ndi mbiri olemera mbali zonse. Mafilimu, kutsogolera, luso sakhala pa akungoonerera. Ojambula anayesanso kupitiriza, nalemekeza mphamvu yaikulu kutsogolo kwake zamakono. A brainchild la akatswiri Soviet anakantha Amateurs padziko lonse.

ndi chinsinsi cha kupambana kwa ndiAmene makamera digito chiyani? Chifukwa zomwe anthu mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse ngati anamupepetula kuonera katswiri wa luso Russian zithunzi? Chifukwa amene makamera Soviet zimadziwika padziko lonse lapansi? M'nkhaniyi muona iwo mu ulemerero wawo wonse.

"Akuthwa"

Mu 1954, chitsanzo ichi ankaona kamera alidi masiku ano ndi zina zamakono chitukuko kwambiri m'munda wa kujambula. About "akuthwa" analota pafupifupi onse Amateurs, ojambula ndi ofufuza. Maziko ntchito bwino pogwiritsa ndi ntchito cassettes akatswiri zitsulo.

Kugwira zithunzi ntchito kamera "akuthwa" angapezeke ndi manja awiri ndipo mothandizidwa ndi miyendo itatu ndi. Zikatero, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pansi pa kamera ndi kagawo wapadera limakupatsani angagwirizanitse thandizo motsimikiza. Nkhani chikopa kunapangitsa kuti kutenga zithunzi popanda kuchotsa chipangizo.

"Akuthwa" kamera anakhala chidutswa woona wa zomangamanga. Mu ndondomeko ya ntchito ndi iwo akulimbikitsidwa kutsatira ndondomeko izi:

1. Ngati unit ndi anaikapo mu mandala kutsetsereka, nakayika udindo opaleshoni.
2. Njira imodzi kudziwa padzuwa nthawi kabowo anapatsidwa.
3. Anapereka kabowo pa disolo.
4. Yambani chipata.
5. Anatipatsa shutter liwiro pa chipata.
6. Kuganizira disolo.
7. Yambani kujambula, mokoma kukanikiza batani.

Tonga kuwombera ndi manja awiri ayenera kugwira chipangizo mwamphamvu koma popanda kupanikizika kwambiri. chipangizo Izi zikutsimikizira kamodzinso kuti makamera Soviet tiyenera kuwalemekeza!

Kukhuta 2

ANACHULUKITSA kamera - akatswiri chipangizo ojambula, anapanga mu 1952. Monga magwiridwe ndi nthawi ya atumwi wotsiriza unali kapangidwe moona luso ndi amanyadira malo mu gulu "makamera wa USSR."

Kuwombera angathe kuchitidwa ndi aliyense wa chakudya kapena mwa njira iliyonse, anthu pa nthawiyo. zithunzi pokha ndi miyendo itatu kapena mkono, akuchedwa - chilichonse. Pakuti anadyetsa 2 sikunali kosatheka. Iwo ankakonda atolankhani ndi ojambula, yogwira mphukira mitunda, zamtunduwu zochitika ndi panoramas.

ANACHULUKITSA amapangidwa pa communes cholinga yomangidwa fakitale ntchito ya NKVD wa SSR Chiyukireniya iwo. F. E. Dzerzhinskogo kwathunthu zipangizo Soviet yaiwisi. Ngati zinthu zoipa kwa iye ntchito muyezo perforated zigawo filimu Mzere wa 1,60 m, kuti potero imodzi nawuza zida 36 yopangira zithunzi.

Chifukwa cha mamangidwe a kamera anali kudyetsedwa 2 ntchito pa mfundo za automaticity ndi conjugation njira. M'mawu ena, atakhala maziko shutter, ndi wojambula zithunzi Choncho imodzi rewind tepi ndi kuwerengera chiwerengero cha zithunzi kwaiye.

"Moscow"

The zida pamodzi ndi kamera iyi mu 1959 anali gawo la kamera yokha ndi chipata akatswiri "makokedwe-24C" Mlanduwu, tepi chokulungira, ndi choyambitsa waya, bokosi zoyendera ndi kusunga, komanso malangizo ndi pasipoti ndi malongosoledwe chipangizo.

Pa kamera "Moscow", Mlengi adzapereka utumiki chitsimikizo chaka chimodzi yogula, malinga chipangizo si lotseguka kapena disassemble kunja mbewu.

Mbali yaikulu ya kamera ali Optics kabowo. Komanso Kuwonjezera zabwino kwa ojambula onse ankachita masewera zinalili ndi kachingwe wapadera phewa.

Mu kupanga chitsanzo ichi akatswiri Soviet kwenikweni outdid okha. Kuwala cholinga rangefinder ndi m'munsi kwambiri 65 mm, komanso chipata chapakati, amene ali eyiti galimoto padzuwa, pamodzi ndi synchronizer kung'anima sakanakhoza kuzisiya osayanjanitsika aliyense wojambula zithunzi zofufuzafufuza ku Soviet Union.

Kamera "Moscow" ankatha kuchita ochuluka monga 12 akatemera 6x6 masentimita mtundu yaulere owonjezera. Tsopano, Chiwerengerochi zingaoneke zopusa kwa ife, koma mu 1954 zinali pafupi yopeka, imene, mosakayikira, tiyenera kamodzinso zikomo okonza Soviet amene anabereka zimagwirira ngati enieni mu zaka pambuyo nkhondo. chipangizo zimenezi zimalemekeza makamera Soviet, kuwathandiza apamwamba mndandanda wa bwino wa dziko!

"Pachimake"

"Pachimake" amatanthauza gulu zipangizo n'zofanana. Mulungu anafuna kuti zosiyanasiyana kuwombera ndi akhoza kuthandiza onse mtundu ndi mtundu wakuda ndi woyera filimu. Nthawi zambiri anthu ntchito chida ichi akhoza kutchulidwa mawu awiri: kwambiri aluso zofufuzafufuza wojambula zithunzi. Nthawi imeneyo chitsanzo wakale "pachimake" anali akadali zovuta ntchito kwa wojambula zithunzi pafupifupi ndipo si monga ogwira kwa photojournalist akatswiri kotero adzaupereka kwa kalasi "pamwamba pafupifupi".

The mwayi waukulu chitsanzo ndithudi otchedwa galasi panopa ndi wofunika kwambiri. N'zotheka mosalekeza kusunga chinthu, kuika sharpness ndi kuonjezera zikumveka ndi sharpness za chifanocho. Old kamera "Zenit" angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi magalasi ndi ku 37 mpaka 1000 mamilimita Utali, komanso chapadera mphete elongated kuti limalola ntchito kubalana ndi kuwombera zinthu zazing'ono pafupi-mmwamba - otchedwa macro- ndi microphotography.

"Kuloza 2"

Kamera "Smena-2" amatanthauza kalasi zipangizo ang'ono-kakulidwe. Iye ali ndi dongosolo m'malo okhwima, cholinga chachikulu chimene ali mwangwiro zofufuzafufuza kuwombera. Mu Soviet Union, akatswiri a kukanidwa ndi chitsanzo ichi. Zolinga zawo zinali zophweka kwambiri, ngakhale, Komano, magwiridwe ake linali losavuta ndi mwachilengedwe ojambula wamba.

kamera iyi anali kuyenda akonzedwa ndi chiphaso, ndi mandala kuti mosavuta kupereka chilengedwe basi wa mfundo zisanu ndi angapo umasinthasintha. wagawo The anali okonzeka ndi kudzikonda powerengetsera ntchito ndi synchronizer wapadera ntchito ndi nyale kung'anima.

Kudzera mwa kasinthasintha disolo mosavuta zimalimbana ndi zinthu zimene akufuna. Malire a chifanizo osanjidwa ndi kuwala kufufuza injini, womwe poyamba inamangidwa mu "Change 2" kamera. chipangizo izi zikhoza recharged popanda mavuto m'kuunika, ndiwo kumathandizanso. Komanso, akhala okonzeka ndi njira yapadera kwa rewind filimu ndi chimango 1 kokha, kumene ndi kapangidwe moona kopitilira muyeso-ano pakati pa zana la 20.

"Sputnik"

Yolengeza amasulidwe chitsanzo wotsatira wa kamera, "Satellite", Mlengi anati misa waukulu otchedwa awiri sitiriyo. Mlengi amanena kuti wapadera stereoscopic chithunzi kungathandize zithunzi, kulola kukhala ndi chithunzithunzi chenicheni cha dongosolo okhudza malo a zinthu, zinthu ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Mu akonzedwa zimenezi zimaphatikizapo basi kamera palokha, "Satellite", ndi chimango wapadera kukopera ndi stereoscope. Mothandizidwa "Kanema" amalandira fano ongokhala angapo zithunzi yosiyaniranapo, poganizira kuti kunali kotheka muzindikire merges, atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena fano. Malinga okha, pamaso analidi chidwi. Kamera omwewo akhoza mlandu yachibadwa mpukutu filimu. Wojambula zithunzi angathe kupanga 6 stereoskopnyh apadera ogwira kapena 12 muyezo. Komanso, chitsanzo ichi okonzeka ndi shutter galimoto, zomwe zinachititsa kutsekedwa mu malo pambuyo pa 7-8 masekondi. Kale Soviet makamera amenewa sanathe kudzitama.

"Kutuluka dzuwa"

"Kutuluka dzuwa" analengedwa mu USSR mu nthawi kuchokera 1964 mpaka 1968 mu Leningrad, mu fakitale Kuwala-Mawotchi Association dzina la V. I. Lenina. wagawo anali ndi nyumba mwachilungamo wokongola, ozikidwa anali aloyi zotayidwa ndi otsegula kumbuyo khoma (poyamba zinali zabwino kwambiri). Rewind filimu, komanso zida platoon zinachitikadi pogwiritsa ntchito nyundo.

Tikumbukenso kuti hule unali pa m'mphepete mwa mandala, ndilo zachilendo kwabasi zitsanzo za nthawi. Kamera "Kutuluka dzuwa" anali kulemera kwa magalamu 850 ndi akanatha kuwombera zithunzi kukula 24x36 mamilimita ntchito kung'anima kulunzanitsa gulu "X" ndi "M".

chidwi Ndipotu

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, zikuoneka kuti musakhale wotchuka kwambiri pa nthawi imeneyo ku chitsanzo Soviet Union anali ndi chiwerengero cha magazini chikalata zidutswa 59.225. Mosiyana ndi zitsanzo zina, kamera zimenezi ndipo masiku ano zopezeka mu Russia ndi CIS. Komabe akuzisunga kwambiri ndithu zitsanzo wangwiro machitidwe a "Kutuluka dzuwa".

Tisamaiwale timasangalala

Nkhani akhala ankaiphwasula specifications, mbali ndi mbali chidwi wotchuka kwambiri Soviet makamera. Kumene patsogolo konse Liima, ndipo pozindikira mfundo imeneyi, Ndikufuna kamodzinso kuona ntchito ya akatswiri Soviet. Ndi kuyamika khama lawo, ndi makamera Soviet sachita manyazi kusonyeza alendo, ndipo zithunzi anatengedwa ndi iwo, anali wapamwamba kwambiri!