The German Wolemba Paulo Hindemith: yonena, moyo, zilandiridwenso ndi chidwi mfundo

Paulo Hindemith (Paulo Hindemith) yapindula udindo wa mmodzi wa ambiri amphatso ndi luso oimba German. Iye kwakukuru ankaimba zida zingapo nyimbo, imachitikira ndi anapeka chipinda ndi symphonic music, analemba mabuku ambiri choral ndipo wamanga opera. Mu Germany, iye anali Albucasis, thangwi iye atawira kuti nyimbo akhale luso osati apangidwe zolemba nyimbo, komanso ngati batire kuti pambuyo kumvetsera akhoza kukhala mtundu wa mphamvu abwino.

Kudadziwika dziko nyimbo garde German

Mu zoyambirira za mazana makumi awiri, Paulo Hindemith (lalifupi yonena tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino) ankaona avant-garde. Iye kwathunthu anasiya kachitidwe nthawi mu dziko nyimbo dodecaphony. nyimbo wake anali asanawamvepo kale olembedwa. Odious Goebbels kuwayamikira mmodzi wa olemba lapadera kwambiri German, koma malamulo sakuwupweteka ubale pakati Paulo Hindemith ndi Nazi zofunkha kwenikweni. Aluso woimba ndi kupeka nyimbo anakakamizika kusiya dziko lakwawo. Mu ukapolo, iye analemba mabuku ambiri pa aesthetics nyimbo kuti oimba zamakono musicologists amagwiritsa ntchito mwakhama ntchito ndi maphunziro. Iye anali atalemba nyimbo kuletsedwa ndi Anazi, tsopano analembetsa mu gulu la zapamwamba ano. Kenako m'nkhani ino ife tidzakambirana mbiri, zilandiridwenso, Paulo Hindemith ndipo zimaonetsa ntchito zolembedwa ndi iye.

mudziwe mwachidule za malo a kubadwa, makolo ndi achibale a woimba wa

Paulo Hindemith, amene ntchito zimadziwika padziko lonse lapansi, anabadwa pafupi Frankfurt, m'tauni yaing'ono ya Hanau ndine Main. Mutu wa banja anali lililonse German mmisiri - Carl Hindemith. Koyamba zingaoneke zachilendo, yemwe anali mnyamata akhoza imaloŵa talente zosaneneka ndi makutu wopanda nyimbo. Koma ndi zodziwika bwino kuti bambo ake, Karl Hindemit, pokhala zojambulajambula chabe, ankakonda kusewera tsintre ndi Zinali zabwino woimba Amateurs. Ambiri mwina, chimene iye anaika mwana kukonda luso ambiri, kuphatikizapo nyimbo.

luso loimba ndi kuphunzitsa namatetule tsogolo

talente mnyamata unaonekera oyambirira zokwanira. Kuyambira ndili mwana, anaphunzira ndi chidwi ndipo anaphunzira kuimba ng'oma, limba, zeze ndi viola. maphunziro nyimbo analandira ku Frankfurt am Main, analowa inali. Pali Paulo anaphunzira kuimba zeze ndi kuphunzira kuchititsa mayendedwe.

Imfa ya bambo ake kutsogolo ndi utumiki wa asilikali a Paulo

Mu 1915, Karl - bambo Paulo - afa pa nkhondo. Germany kumatanthauza yoyamba ya padziko lonse, ndipo vuto la ndalama mabanja ambiri German ndi osauka. Wolemba ndi woimba banja yotero. Mayi Mariya anatsala wamasiye ndi ana atatu, ndipo Paulo anali kufunafuna ntchito ndi malipiro abwino, kuti mwanjira amuthandize. Nthawi imeneyi, iye anali mwayi kuti apeze ntchito kupereka concertmaster wa Frankfurt Opera. Wochititsa oketsra munali Ludwig Rottenberg. Chidwi n'chakuti mwana wake Kenako anakwatira Paulo Hindemith.

Accompanist kunyumba za zisudzo anatha ntchito mpaka 1917. Pamakhala usilikali. Panali munthu wodziwa wamng'ono, ndithudi, sanaleke ntchito yolenga. Iye anavomereza kuti asilikali monga drummer ndi, komanso amakhala membala wa chingwe anai. Mu 1918, iye anachita mu udindo wa woyamba zeze anai. Atamaliza usilikali, Paulo abwelela ku Frankfurt Opera House, kumene ntchito mpaka 1923 accompanist.

Kufika kwa anai Lykke Amara

Kumayambiriro 20 ntchentche mu dera nyimbo Germany, Paulo Hindemith anali kale monga luso Wolemba, woyimba zeze ndi violist. Ndikugwira ntchito ku Frankfurt Opera, iye anachita osati ntchito za accompanist ndi. Mu yomweyi, ndi woimba ankaimba udindo wa chitoliro wachiwiri kwa gulu A. Rebnera. Nditabwerera usilikali, Hindemith anaganiza kusewera mu timu imeneyi, viola.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, zokonda zoimbira za wakeyo Rebnera Paulo ankaona kwambiri ndiwofatsa. Choncho iye anasintha timu ndipo anakhala mbali ya anai wina - kutsogoleredwa ndi wotchuka woyimba zeze Lykke Amara. Gulu kuti chinakhalapo mpaka 1929, ndipo, mosakayika, anali bwino yaikulu osati kunyumba, komanso akutali malire ake. Anakwaniritsa udindo viola, Paulo anali ndi mwayi wokaona kwambiri ndi zambiri za ku Ulaya.

Kukula mofulumira ntchito yabwino

Paulo Hindemith - wolemba, amene amagwira anthu ambiri anamva koyamba mu 1922, mu mzinda wa Salzburg, pa World Music Masiku. The bwino nyimbo olembedwa ndi Iye anali zoonekeratu, ngakhale, ndipo wachititsa kwambiri zokambirana. Mu 1923 anaikidwa kulinganiza la Chikondwerero cha Contemporary Music, umene unachitika mu muluwani Donaueschingen. Paulo anakhalabe wokhulupirika kwa amakonda malangizo nzeru mu nyimbo, ndipo mwachangu ankalimbikitsa pa ntchito chikondwerero cha analemba avant-garde. Alto repertoire pa zoimbaimba anachita yekha.

Mu 1927, Hindemith anapereka zikuchokera chiphunzitso pa Berlin Hochschule für Musik, ndipo walowa izo. Zaka zingapo zotsatira zinali bwino kwambiri ntchito yake. Kupatula pa kuphunzitsa, Paulo zimayesetsa ntchito payekha ndipo anabwera monga violist a. zoimbaimba wake ali bwino wothawa mu US, limapereka zisudzo m'mayiko ambiri, kuphatikizapo Egypt ndi Turkey.

Chizindikiro cha ubale zovuta pakati pa Nazi ndi anthu kulenga Germany

Mu 30 anafika zopangira chipani cha Nazi, ubale ndi amene woimba ndi kupeka nyimbo anawonjezera kovuta. Chifukwa chimodzi kukhala mkazi wa Paulo - Gertrude Rotenberg, umene mu 1924 analowa m'banja ofunda. chakuti, malinga ndi malamulo achipembedzo, izo si Myuda, Anazi analibe chapadera kwambiri. Atate woimba Ludwig Rothenberg anali Myuda, ndipo izo zinali zokwanira. Mofanana ndi anthu ambiri kulenga, Paulo Hindemith (amene yonena taona) kuziganizira yekha apolitical kwathunthu munthu. Iye poyera analankhula ndi anzake Ayuda awo, analemba ndi oimba, kupanga mwaiwala pa malo dziko. Inde, Nazi Party sanagwirizane nazo, koma kumayambiriro 30 ntchentche kwa kukambirana ndi Ayuda sanali zokwanira kuteteza chilengedwe oimba. Choncho pang'onopang'ono anayamba kuoneka m'zimenezi ntchito imeneyi kwambiri.

Nazi mtima ku ntchito ya Paulo anali zosintha ndi osokoneza. Poyamba ngakhale kutamandidwa. Mu 1934, Goebbels amafuula wina Hindemith ya zofunika kwambiri ndi luso analemba German ano. Ena nthawi ngakhale Paulo anali pa mtundu wa Nazi zothandizira mipingo yawo. ntchito zake kuti inandisangalatsa ena oimira boma German. Komanso zatenganso mbali mbiri ya mayiko a Wolemba ichi ndi woimba kuti sanalole Nazi kuchotsa izo.

malo Hindemith anali kwenikweni zovuta, ndipo zifukwa chitetezo, anasonyeza akuluakulu kufunitsitsa ake kugonja. Mu nthawi yochepa, Paulo akuyamba kusonyeza nyimbo yatsopano ndi osiyana wake German ndipo worldview. Ntchito yatsopano amamvetsera kwambiri folklore German, analemba mabuku ofunika kwambiri ngati coherent ndi bwino chikhalidwe (lililonse German akulowera). Pakuti pamene iye ankakhala mu dziko zimakhalanso bata, koma ubwenzi ndi Ayuda ndi maganizo a Hindemith kuti ndinu anthu ayenera kukhala mfulu kwathunthu ndi paokha, iwo sakanakhoza akaonekere kwa ideologues ya ulamuliro wa Hitler.

Open kulimbana ndi akuluakulu a boma German

Paulo Hindemith, ntchito nyimbo zimene woyamikiridwa M'mayiko ambiri, kunyumba kugwa mu manyazi apoyera. Apogee covert mikangano zikuchitika mu 1934. Goering mwalamulo limaletsa kukonza kuyamba la sewero la Hindemith yaitanidwa "Mathis der Maler". Mu ulaliki wina, J. Gebels Wolemba dzina achipongwe "atonal Foley, phokoso sewerolo". otsutsa Nazi kuitana ntchito yake "otsika luso". Opanikizika amphamvu makhalidwe Hindemith zimaleka kugwira ntchito pa sukulu Berlin, kutenga tchuti kwa nthawi yosatha.

Onyamukira ndi kubwerera ku Turkey "pa utumiki" a Hitler

Mu yovuta imeneyi, Paulo analandira kupereka kwa Mustafa Ataturk - Turkey ndale ndi wokonzanso - pitani Ankara ndi kuthandiza kukhazikitsa dongosolo kwa ziŵalo maphunziro zoimbira Turkey. Hindemith akazi kugwirizana pempholo ndipo mongoyembekezera kusiya Germany. Paulo wachitira ntchito yake, potero kupanga chopereka kwambiri chilengedwe cha pulogalamu chilengedwe cha maphunziro nyimbo anamugwiritsa ntchito zonse Turkey nyimbo maphunziro. Iye anaika kwambiri khama woyamba nyimbo inali chinamasulidwa mu Ankara. Ngakhale kuti Turkey Wolemba ndi woimba kum'lemekeza kwambiri, mosiyana ndi anthu ambiri amene anathawira ku Germany pa nthawi, ndi mkazi wake, posakhalitsa anaganiza zobwerera kumudzi.

Nditabwerera kwa Paulo kupanga zambiri wololera ndi akuluakulu a German. Mu 1936, iye akachita okhulupirika kwa Hitler. Wolemba analemba nyimbo lodziwika bwino Luftwaffe, ntchito zake ndizodzazidwa ndi "German" amajambulapo maluwa okongola kuyamba kuchitika maholo konsati lonse Germany. Koma "mtendere" ndi Anazi sizinakhalitse. Mu Germany akuyamba ndi kulimbana lotseguka ndi masitaelo chi nyimbo. The Germany kuwatcha "otsika." Paulo amagwira ntchito (kupatula ochepa) kugwa pansi tanthauzo limeneli ndipo pamapeto, ntchito yawo yomaliza ya lamulo mu Germany.

Komanso, dziko kulimbikitsa miyezo odana ndi Ayuda. Hindemith akuyamba kwambiri mantha chifukwa chitetezo cha mkazi wake, omwe nthawi akufuna zachiwawa. Pozindikira kuti ntchito yake alibe malo Germany, Wolemba, woyimba zeze ndi violist Hindemit Paulo chigamulo chomaliza kuchoka m'dzikolo.

Onyamukira ndi kubwerera ku Germany mu nthawi unawonongedwa

Mu 1938, Paul anasamukira ku Switzerland, ndipo zaka 2 kenako anasamuka ndi mkazi wake ku United States. Mu America, anaitanidwa wophunzitsa pa yunivesite zapamwamba monga Yale ndi Harvard. Ngakhale kuti Hindemith akhoza mlandu kufuna m'mbuyomu pa mgwirizano ndi chipani cha Nazi ku America ntchito zake ankachiritsa ndipo anali ndi kupambana wothawa. Iye ankatchedwa mu dziko kupatula German nyimbo za m'nthawi ya chifukwa anali ufulu wa chikoka Nazi. Iyo inali nthawi yogona mu United States, nagwa pa nsonga ya ntchito yake. Mu 1946, iye analandira US nzika, koma Patapita zaka zingapo, mu 1953, anasamukira ku Zurich. Pali amawalamulira nkhani pa yunivesite m'dera ndi kuchititsa oimba, kuchita ntchito yake.

Ine ndinati tiwonana moyo umene munthu wa namatetule adakali pakhomo ku Germany. Iye anabwerera ku Frankfurt, kumene anakafa m'chaka cha 1963 ku kuukira kwa kapamba.

Akusowa nyimbo cholowa Hindemith

Paulo Hindemith anamuzindikira odalirika nyimbo theorist, woimba, mphunzitsi, kondakitala. Munthu uyu anasiya nambala yaikulu ntchito Mitundu yosiyanasiyana nyimbo, ndipo adalemba chiwerengero chachikulu cha ntchito kwa oketsra, imene chipinda nyimbo zoimbira zosiyanasiyana, ntchito kuvina, kwaya ndipo, ndithudi, chifukwa opera.

Opera - gawo kwambiri za moyo ndi ntchito ya Paulo Hindemith

A mbali yaikulu ya cholowa chimene Paulo anachoka kwa ana awo amapanga opera. Otsutsa ndi musicologists amakhulupirira kuti mwa iwo momveka anasonyeza kaonedwe Wolemba ndi woimba kumvetsa ndiponso sanjira zenizeni ndi chi khalidwe zikuyenela malo, kenako wolemba. Ndi opera Paulo Hindemith ntchito mpaka m'masiku otsiriza a moyo wake. Wolemba German analemba nyimbo ochuluka bwino ndi odziwika onse pa masewero a dziko, Pakati:

• "Mathis Der Maler".
• "Mogwirizana wa World."
• "NLSH-Nushi".
• "The wakupha - akazi chiyembekezo."
• "Cardillac".
• "Daily News".
• "The Long Khirisimasi chakudya".
• "Saint Susanna."