Pollok Dzhekson: zojambula mu kalembedwe "kuthira njira"

A zojambulajambula luso kwa zaka za m'ma 20, amene anayambitsa "kukapanda kuleka kupenta" ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo, munthu wamba ndi khalidwe lovuta. Choncho analowa mbiri ya dziko luso Pollok Dzhekson. Zojambulazo wa namatetule izi kuphatikiza surrealism ndi abstraction, amene wosasiyapo wina osayanjanitsika.

Mfundo kuchokera yonena za chithunzicho

Tsogolo wotchuka Dzhekson Pollok anabadwa mu 1912 m'tauni yaing'ono ku Wyoming. banja lake nthawi zambiri kuchokera zogona wina ndi mzake. Pamene anakhazikika ku Arizona, mu m'badwo wa khumi ndi mnyamata panali chochitika zosasangalatsa. Pa masewero pa chilichonse macheka kudula gawo lake chala. Mwamwayi, sanaleke munthu m'tsogolo kuti adzipereke moyo wake kwa kupenta.

Popeza anafika kubadwa kwake chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, Pollock anasamukira ku New York. Apa amaphunzira ndi chilakolako ndi luso luso lolemba ntchito yake yoyamba. Chifukwa cha masana wa Wild West, amene anakhala onse ubwana wake ndi unyamata Pollok Dzhekson, zojambula wake ndi zambiri zofanana ndi zojambula aluso Mexico. Koma pamene chithunzicho wamng'ono anadziwa ntchito za Picasso ndi makhalidwe a surrealism, lathu lophiphiritsira wakhala kuonekere kwambiri pa ntchito yake.

Njira loyamba namatetule

Pambuyo pa imfa ya bambo ake, Pollock anadutsa mavuto onse chosowa ndalama, omwe sakanakhoza bwanji chilakolako chake kwa kupenta. Mu 1935, Jackson anali mwayi - anagwa pansi thandizo ziwembu amisiri amene anayamba kuchita mu United States. Tsopano anadalira dollar zana mwezi stipend potipatsa State dongosolo lawo.

ndalama Zimenezi zinathandiza woyambitsa wojambula kukaona Laboratory wa njira zamakono kupenta. Ndi apa, ndi kuyamba kuchita zinthu zatsopano wake woyamba Pollok Dzhekson: zojambula enamel zinalembedwa, komanso utoto magalimoto. Ena zina zachidule ankachiritsa ntchito zitini. Lophunzira ndi airbrush ndi kutsitsi utoto pa nsalu luso wojambula anagwa congenial kwambiri.

Mphamvu ya Freud ndi Jung pa zilandiridwenso

Mwatsoka, inde achinyamata anali mumakonda osati kuti luso, komanso mowa. Ndi chifukwa cha iye mu 1938, ndipo igwera mu chipatala Psychiatric Pollok Dzhekson. Kujambula chithunzicho nthawi yochepa kenako, anakhala ngati watsopano wa m'munsi analenga. Izi anathandiza kuphunzira anatchera la Freud ndi Jung ntchito pamene kuchipatala.

zinthu zatsopano anali kuwaza mu ntchito wotsatira wa Pollock, kuti chinali chiyambi cha mtundu wanyimbo izi, monga expressionism chabe.

NKHANI luso zojambulajambula

Suli kutali ndi wojambula New York ali pafamu kukakhala, mu iye likusonyeza malo situdiyo wake. Apa kwalembedwa zambiri zojambula, woyambitsa amene wayamba kale kukhala odziwika bwino pa nthawi imeneyo ku America, Dzhekson Pollok.

Zojambula, photos, zomwe zimasonyeza wojambula mu ndondomeko kulenga, yokonzera kayendedwe ka zonse za chilengedwe cha katswiri wa dziko. M'malo easels Jackson amagwiritsa atatu mita lona, m'malo maburashi - ndodo waya, zidutswa za matambula ndi zinthu. Iye akupereka ndi liwiro lalikulu, akuyesera kuganiza zochepa ngati n'kotheka tanthauzo la ntchito ndipo mwamsanga kusamutsa kwa iwo nkhani za chikumbumtima chake.

Mfundo luso Pollock-monga mwa Ula kuvina linaphatikizidwa kayendedwe mbuye thupi ndi ufulu kugwa pa utoto lona. Mu zojambula mawanga onse wachikuda allocated mu dongosolo yoyenera zojambulajambula lapansi. Nthawi zambiri ntchito yake, chithunzicho wagwiritsa ntchito zikwapu yotakata, amene analenga mothandizidwa ndi magulu amphamvu.

Wotchuka ntchito avant-garde

Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana makumi awiri mu United States kuchuluka kwambiri chidwi ndi chithunzi mu kalembedwe expressionism umboni, amene yokonzedwa ndi Pollok Dzhekson. Penti "Wolf" ndi "ndafunsira chithunzi" anakhala oyambirira ndi chidwi ntchito chithunzicho, omwe anasonkhana chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha ndemanga zabwino kuzisiya otsutsa.

m'malo ake oyenerera mwa zojambula wotchuka kwambiri ndi Pollock amatenga "Zojambula pakhoma", olengedwa mwa dongosolo la American luso woyang'anira ndi wokhometsa Peggy Guggenheim. Chimodzi mwa mfundo za luso chinali poyamba wolemba analemba pa lona zilembo zazikulu, ndi pamenepo pokha ankathamanga padziko m'maganizo awo. Kuchuluka kwa inshuwalansi ili mu 2000s oyambirira anali oposa zana miliyoni madola, koma phindu lake samadziwika motsimikiza lero. Koma si mtengo mwaluso, amene analenga Dzhekson Pollok. Zojambula lotchedwa "Night msipu", "Pasiphae", "Lavender nkhungu", "The Cathedral", "kuya", "mizati buluu" anali ndalama zambiri.

Choncho, kupenta "amaoneka ngati nyani" agulitsa ndalama zoposa wani miliyoni mu 1973, ndipo tinachita "chiwerengero 5,1948" mu 2006 muja yobetcherana kwa $ 140 miliyoni. Izi ndalama ali pa umboni kwa zosemasema ano.

Masiku ano, ntchito Pollock a Tingaone mu New York Museum of Modern Art, Tate ano, Gallery National la Canada, subways ndi zina zambiri zakale zikuluzikulu.