Malamulo nkhondo

The ndondomeko ya lamulo ubale mu dera la malamulo a mayikowo ndi chinthu yachilendo amagwirizana ndi vuto mwachilungamo zovuta lagona kusankha bwino ntchito. Funso la mmene adzakhala lamulo ubale ndi vuto la malamulo dziko zidzagwiritsidwanso ntchito, anaganiza ndi khoti kapena malamulo ena mphamvu. Lamulo ubale mu Zikatero ikuchitika mwa dongosolo lapadera.

malamulo mikangano mu lamulo payekha mayiko amaonedwa kukhala zovuta kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, zinthu izi ndi maziko a dongosolo lino mu dziko lililonse. Kukhalapo kwa chinthu china ubale amakwiya chodabwitsa amene amatchedwa "nkhondo ya chilamulo."

Mawu akuti "collisio" chiyambi Latin limatanthauza "kugunda". Pamene anthu kulankhula za nkhondo malamulo, izo zikusonyeza kufunika kosankha pakati pa malamulo a mayiko osiyanasiyana. zodabwitsazi akhoza zidzayambike ndi zinthu ziwiri. Kukangana malamulo akhoza chifukwa cha mfundo ya kukhalapo kwa chinthu china ubale chilamulo payekha, komanso zili zosiyanasiyana za malamulo malamulo m'malamulo a limati zosiyanasiyana imakhudzana ndi chibwenzi.

"Vuto la chilamulo kugunda" otchulidwa vuto la kusankha la zimene anapanga kuchitidwa mu zinthu wogwila. Kugunda vuto ndi wamba, makamaka kwa lamulo payekha lonse. Pankhaniyi, kuwonongedwa kwa kufunika kwake yaikulu ndendende ntchito imeneyi. M'madera ena malamulo, "vuto la chilamulo kugunda" n'kofunika sekondale.

malamulo nkhondo kudziwa malamulo iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito maubwenzi amene anapanga monga mbali ya anthu padziko lonse. zinali zovuta chifukwa chakuti lamulo ubale izi lamulo zonena za madera osiyanasiyana. malamulo nkhondo kulola mogwirizana wamng'ono ndi zinthu zakunja kwa malamulo a dziko limodzi makamaka. Pa nkhani imeneyi, mabuku a malamulo, iwo amatchedwa "nkhondo", "referential" malo.

malamulo nkhondo zambiri anatumiza kwa Kukwanilitsa ulamuliro mu chakudya zogwirizana ya malamulo. Pochita zimenezi, iwo (malamulo) Kodi sikungathetse chiŵerengero chosinthika zayamba. Choncho, zimaonekeratu kuti malamulo nkhondo, monga "malo ambiri otchula chakudya" akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi malamulo alionse amene adzaweruza funso.

Komabe, ngakhale kuti zinthu zimenezi kokha chimatanthauza malamulo amene dziko idzagwira ntchito, sitiyenera kunyozera kufunika kwake. Kuwonjezera pa malamulo substantive amene amanena Kukolanaku, ndipo iwo kunena ulamuliro ena, malinga ndi zomwe kuchita asapita boma.

Chotero dongosolo la malamulo a mgwirizano ndi mchitidwe wachilendo zikuphatikizapo pawiri.

Kuthetsa chibwenzi boma kungakhale national njira malamulo. Njira imeneyi imaphatikizapo buku la anthu "makonzedwe a Buku," womwe akufotokozera lililonse boma mwa malamulo yake.

Mawonekedwe chachiwiri - malamulo adziko lonse lapansi - amapereka kugwirizana kwa malamulo nkhondo, amene amakonzedwa mayiko pamodzi mu chimango cha mapangano lonse.

Ambiri, dongosolo ntchito ngati pamene lamulo mwachindunji ubale sizotheka, ndi zoweta "referential mpando" wa mayiko nkhawa asemphana kwambiri.

Mapeto a nkhondo mayiko anagwirizana amathandiza kuonetsetsa kugwilizana pazipita ndi khotilo mayiko a. M'mawu ena, kudzera mwa anati ulamuliro machitidwe chiweruzo chidzakhala zofanana kwa magulu onse, kaya State amene amatengedwa.