Chiwerengero cha Ethiopia. chiwerengero ndi osalimba wa anthu Ethiopia. Makalasi ku Itiyopiya anthu

Chiwerengero cha Ethiopia ndi inhomogeneous mwa mawu zikuchokera mitundu ndi zipembedzo, ndi chidwi chachikulu ofufuza Akatswiri a zachikhalidwe ndi ethnologists. Tsogolo la mbiriyakale ya dera lino la Afrika kusanduka zovuta. Kwa zaka zambiri, dziko zachitika ndi chisokonezeko chodabwitsa oimira akomweko komanso mitundu mlendo atsamunda ndi wongosamukasamuka. Chiwerengero cha Ethiopia mochititsa Chili magulu achipembedzo amene dziko lonse kuganiza za adani oopsa a Chikhristu, Chisilamu, Chiyuda ndi chikhalidwe mipatuko.

ziwerengero

Ethiopia - mmodzi wa kuli anthu ambiri m'mayiko a mu Africa (77 anthu pa sq Km.). Pa nthawi yomweyo 75% ya anthu wambiri mbali kumpoto ndi pakati pa dziko.

• Nambala ya anthu Aitiopiya ikukula mofulumira: ngati 2014 izo anakwana zoposa 90, ndipo zaka khumi izo zisanachitike, mu 2004 - anthu okwana 67 okha .. Kumpoto kwa Africa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu kokha moyo mu Iguputo.
• Pa gawo la dziko ndi kunyumba kwa magulu oposa 80 mitundu, zomwe zina zigwirizana mafuko angapo osiyana. Chogwidwa ndi chiwerengero cha anthu a Chioromo ndi Amhara.

• Mzinda yaikulu komanso ambiri a Ethiopia - ndi likulu la Addis Ababa ndi aakulu Dawa, Harer. osalimba a anthu a Ethiopia wakhala osokonezeka. Asezare mzinda ndi zolimba kwambiri, ndipo m'mudzimo muli ochepa.

Chiwerengero cha ku Ethiopia: Tsankho chitsanzo

Pakati pa mitundu ina yambiri akukhala Ethiopia, anatsindika ochuluka kuposa ndi otchuka a mafuko osiyanasiyana. Iwo ofala mu dziko la Amhara ndi Chioromo, komanso magulu ena ochepa.

Amhara. Ndi gulu mitundu mwini za 1/3 la Kusi. Kukhala m'dera - kumpoto ndi pakati pa dziko, malo zomwe zili a m'dera Gonder, Shoa ndi Gojam. Ndi chifukwa chinenero wa ku Aitiopiya Amhara kupangidwa mtundu. Today Amhara komanso kupanga ambiri a m'tauni.

mtundu wapadera

Amhara Ethiopia a mtundu wapadera - mtundu Transitional pakati pa mafuko Negroid ndi Caucasoid. Mapangidwe ethnos anayamba, malinga ndi magwero mbiri, kuzungulira m'ma XIII. Ambiri mwa Amhara - monophysites Akhristu a Tchalitchi Aitiopiya Orthodox. Koma pakati pawo mukhoza kukumana mamembala a zipembedzo zina ngakhale Asilamu.

Ntchito yaikulu ya anthu Aitiopiya, makamaka Amhara, zochokera khasu ulimi ndi ng'ombe kuswana. Pa minda yothiriridwa masamba ndi zipatso nakulitsa zosiyanasiyana m'dera ndi ankaitanitsa ochokera ku mayiko ena dzinthu, masamba ndi zipatso. Amhara Anthu kawetedwe ng'ombe ndi ziweto yaing'ono, nkhuku njuchi. Timatheriyali anayamba m'madera monga blacksmithing, mbiya, kuluka, chikopa ndi mankhwala fupa, wickerwork, miyala yamtengo wapatali. Masiku ano, makamaka m'mizinda ikuluikulu, anthu a Ethiopia ndi wotanganidwa ndi chimodzimodzi ndi anthu mamiliyoni ambiri padziko dziko: ntchito mu kupanga kapena mu misonkhano.

Fuko lakale Chioromo

Chioromo (dzina lakale - Galla). Izi mfunda achiwiri kukula, koma kuli homogeneous kuposa Amhara. mafuko osiyanasiyana ndi mafuko monga mbali ya Chioromo osati miyambo, koma anthu ambiri chipembedzo, chikhalidwe cha bungwe a ndale, a zachuma ndi chikhalidwe moyo

Chioromo a kushitoyazychnoy alionse ku Aitiopiya. Kale wongosamukasamuka, ndi dera malo awo ili m'chipululu cha kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa dziko. Mu XVI m'ma Chioromo anawazunza nawo pa midzi Amhara, chimakankhira anthu zakwawoko Kemi. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Chioromo anali achikunja, otsatira a zikhulupiriro za makolo yosiyanasiyana. Pambuyo pa nkhondo ya Ethiopia ambiri anatembenukira kwa Islam, ochepa Chikristu. Mwina kusintha chipembedzo cha wongosamukasamuka kale analimbikitsa ziyembekezo chuma chawo chosatha ndi kupeza ntchito ya boma. Mpaka lero, pakati pa Chioromo anapeza zambiri kumbali ya zipembedzo chisanadze Mkhristu.

Lero Chioromo amachuluka mu chiwerengero cha kum'mawa kwa mapiri ku Aitiopiya. Kumwera kwa dera anthu m'madera mwachilungamo yokulirapo ubusa kuti akadali kutsatira njira mwambo wa moyo. Ankachita ndi mpatuko chachikale chinkawavuta deifying dziko lapansi ndi mlengalenga, malinga ndi lodziwika bwino primogenitor ake Chioromo, dzina ndipo anali dzina la fuko. Chioromo anthu miyambo lagawidwa mitundu, malingana ntchito, kugonana ndi membala msinkhu.

Somalia

fuko lino m'mbuyomu ophatikizana anthu Somalia, tsopano m'magulu awiri boma mitundu:

• somale,
• boma (m'madera kum'mwera kwa dziko).

Somalis onse kushitoyazychnoy gulu. Mbiri anayamba malo kumene amakhala - ndi louma kum'mawa ndi kum'mwera kum'mawa mzinda wa Ethiopia (dera Ogaden, ndi ena.). Mu ethnically Chisomali pafupi madera malire a Kenya, Djibouti ndi Somalia lokha kuposa kwa Amhara ndi Chioromo.

mitundu ina

Agau. Kamodzi lalikulu m'dera mafuko, akukhala pa mapiri ku Aitiopiya. Ndi nthawi ino Agau pafupifupi mwathunthu anaphatikizana ndi Amhara. Agau chinenero mwini a gulu Cushitic.

Pakali pano, Agau, amene anasunga adziwane mitundu, moyo kumpoto cha Nyanja ya Tana. Pakati Agau pali awiri osakhala achipembedzo chipembedzo - ndi Ayuda (Falasha mitundu), ndipo Kemet. Omalizirawo imapezeka mu Ethiopia ndipo ndi zovuta chipembedzo m'derali amalambira motsatira miyambo: Pangakhale zinthu za chikhalidwe miyambo yachikunja, Chikhristu ndi Chiyuda. Komanso, mwambo mchitidwe Kemet akhala chinsinsi kwa akunja, koma kutsatira Kemet munthu amene anabadwa mtumiki wa Chikhulupiriro ichi, sikutheka.

Gurage. Magulu akuluakulu fuko la Ethiopia komanso ali anthu Ayuda Gurage, kale chinkhoswe mu ulimi.

Tigray. Gulu la anthu pafupi kwambiri ndi Amhara, ana a chitukuko Axumite. Iwo amakhala kumpoto kwa mapiri ku Aitiopiya.

Izo zikuwoneka ngati ambiri, anthu a Ethiopia. Osiyanasiyana chisokonezeko a mitundu, mafuko ndiponso zipembedzo ndi chizindikiro cha dziko lino North Africa. ntchito zachuma a anthu Aitiopiya ndi osiyanasiyana. A zikuchokera anthu ali pakati pa mayiko ambiri sakanikira ethnically.