Thrombocytopenia Ana: Amachititsa, Zizindikiro, Matendawa, Chithandizo

ana ambiri posachedwapa zowawa oopsa amene nthawi zambiri m'mavuto chitukuko. Monga angapo zaka zapitazo, anthu ochepa anamva matendawa, thrombocytopenia, ndipo tsopano ndi nthawi zambiri wapezeka mu akhanda. Koma chimene chimapanga thrombocytopenia ana kumene kumapangitsa chitukuko komanso mmene kumaonekera?

Thrombocytopenia Kodi kudwala izi?

Thrombocytopenia - ichi ndi zachilendo ndiponso zodabwitsa matenda angasonyeze ngati zizindikiro likunena za akuluakulu ena ndi owopsa kwa kudwala anthu (khansa, HIV) kapena matenda palokha. Komanso, matenda kungaonekere mu mawonekedwe a thupi lawo siligwirizana ndi mtundu uliwonse wa chinthu. Komanso, matenda zingakhudze anthu amene amamwa mowa, kapena kuti mlingo waukulu wa poizoni. Pa mfundo imeneyi, tinganene kuti thrombocytopenia ana ndi akulu bwino zimayamba ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, ndi chabe odziwa dokotala ndi zamakono njira yodziwira kulola kudziwa ndendende zimene zinayambitsa maonekedwe ake.

Thrombocytopenia paubwana - ndi kudwala, imene maola kupatsidwa zinthu za m'mwazi kuwerenga, ndipo, iwonso, ali ndi udindo kwa clotting magazi. Othandiza - maselo othandiza magazi kuundana ndi kuphwanya umphumphu wa padziko chotengera liwiro kuti malo a chotupa ndi bala chatsekedwa, kuima magazi.

Kodi akapsa maonekedwe a thrombocytopenia ana?

Nthawi zambiri thrombocytopenia ana ali ndi chilema kobadwa nako Mwachitsanzo, ngati mbali ya syndromes Bernard - Soulier, Viskota - syndrome Aldrich, Fanconi ndi ena. Komanso ana matenda angachititse ntchito kuzikonzanso a ndulu ya - hypersplenism. Ndipo onse chifukwa chakuti ichi ndi thupi mmene maselo a magazi, nthawi yake, recyclable.

Yafupika kupatsidwa zinthu za m'mwazi achiyesa kungasonyeze kuti munthu ali ndi khansa magazi. Pamene mafupa hematopoietic kwathunthu zithe njira zonse nthawi yomweyo wodwalayo zoipa ndi zina zigawo zikuluzikulu magazi.

gulu la thrombocytopenia

matenda agawidwa m'magulu aŵiri:

• Pulayimale - limodzi okha ndi maonekedwe a syndrome thrombotic, pamene ena ziwalo za matenda ali kwina. Thrombocytopenia purpura, idiopathic ndi hemolytic uremic matenda - ndi kudwala njira yaikulu.
• Secondary chidawoneka mavuto wa kudwala zakuya, monga HIV, chiwindi matenda enaake kapena khansa.

Malingana ngati m'thupi chigawo chimodzi mwa zifukwa zimene thrombocytopenia kapena ayi kuonetsetsa mitundu iwiri kwambiri pano:

• Timakumana thrombocytopenia - amapezeka mu chiwonongeko mofulumira othandiza magazi kuundana mchikakamizo cha chitetezo. Mu chikhalidwe ichi, kachitidwe anthu m'thupi alibe kuzindikira othandiza magazi kuundana amatenga nawo thupi ena ndi umabala akupha iwo kutsekereza iwo, potero zachititsanso ndi chikhalidwe zovuta wodwala.
• mawonekedwe Nonimmune angathe likhoza kuwononga mawotchi othandiza magazi kuundana, izo nthawi zambiri zidzachitika makope extracorporeal, kapena matenda Marchiafava - Micheli.

Nthawi zambiri ndi chitetezo thrombocytopenia anawona ana, muchigawane mwa magulu angapo.

Magulu m'thupi thrombocytopenia

Magulu 4 waukulu thrombocytopenia m'thupi:

1. Isoimmune - mawonekedwe imene othandiza magazi kuundana anawonongedwa ndi zosagwirizana mmodzi wa machitidwe gulu magazi. Zingakhalenso chifukwa kuika wolandira ndi maselo othandiza magazi kuundana yachilendo pamaso pa chitetezo ku kapena malowedwe a chitetezo kwa mwana kudzera m'mimba mayi.
2. Transimmunnaya - kumachitika pamene autoantibodies mayi amene amadwala maonekedwe autoimmune, kudutsa nsengwa ndi atabadwa yomweyo akuwonetseredwa thrombocytopenia mu neonates.
3. Geteroimmunnaya - gulu amagwirizana ndi zolephera mu dongosolo antigenic ya maselo othandiza magazi kuundana, amene ali ndi HIV kapena zikamera wa mtundu watsopano wa oteteza thupi.
4. Autoimmune - gulu limene chitetezo amapangidwa ndi mtundu wawo yemwe wa oteteza unmodified.

Koma kodi amakwiya maonekedwe a matenda, zomwe zimabweretsa patsogolo kwa iwo, kupatula chinthu cholowa?

Zimayambitsa thrombocytopenia

Nthawi zambiri thrombocytopenia ana akhoza zidzayambike ndi zinthu:

• ndalama osakwanira wa kufufuza zinthu mwa thupi.
• Kuledzera.
• Sayanjana mankhwala kuchokera dziko lakunja.
• Autoimmune ndondomeko mu thupi.
• kudwala wina zambiri HIV, matenda enaake kapena khansa.

Koma osati matenda amene amadza chifukwa cha zinthu zina zimene zingachititse matenda, zikhoza imfayo ndi mankhwala amene apatsidwa wodwalayo.

Kodi mankhwala lingachititse chitukuko cha thrombocytopenia?

Pamene zochitika zasonyeza, ndi asayansi ambiri kafukufuku, nthawi zambiri thrombocytopenia makanda zikuoneka chifukwa cha magulu mankhwala zotsatirazi:

• Maantibayotiki kawirikawiri "Chloramphenicol" kapena sulfonamides.
• Okodzetsa - "Furosemide" kapena "Hydrochlorothiazide".
• Anticonvulsant "Phenobarbital".
• Antipsychotics - "prochlorperazine" kapena "meprobamate."
• Antithyroid mankhwala - "Tiamazol".
• Mankhwala ndi shuga - "glibenclamide" ndi "Glipizide".
• Anti-yotupa mankhwala - "Indomethacin".

Koma kodi zizindikiro zingasonyeze kuti wodwalayo ali thrombocytopenia?

symptomatology matendawa

Chimaonekera lililonse moleza mtima ndi osiyana thrombocytopenia, zimayambitsa ndi mankhwala, tikatero komanso munthu, koma nthawi zambiri kuposa anthu ambiri zizindikiro ofanana kwambiri:

• Kukha magazi pakhungu ndipo zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana mucous. Iwo anawonetseredwa mu mawonekedwe a yamawangamawanga yofiira kukula ang'onoang'ono. Iwo makamaka noticeable mu malo amenewo kumene zovala rubs kwambiri za thupi. mawanga izi ululu kapena kusamva iliyonse, musati protrude pamwamba pa khungu kapena nembanemba mucous. Zikhonza kukhala mfundo ndi kuphimba mbali zazikulu. Mukhozanso kulandira ndi anavulazidwa wofiira, buluu kapena enaake achikasu hue.
• Pafupipafupi nosebleeds. Amphuno mucosa zochuluka aziwapatsa magazi, ndipo ambiri capillaries pano mu izo. Chifukwa kuchepetsa mapangidwe kupatsidwa zinthu za m'mwazi kuchuluka capillary fragility Choncho sneezing aliyense, kuvulala aang'ono kapena chimfine imfayo magazi kuti ukhoza kwa mphindi oposa 10.

• Magazi m'kamwa. anthu ambiri nthawi ya kutsuka mano anu kuoneka magazi ochepa, koma odwala, chizindikiro ichi kwambiri kutchulidwa madera ambiri otukuka a m'kamwa ndi kumatenga nthawi yaitali kokwanira.
• Magazi m'mimba ndipo matumbo. Yak chifukwa fragility Mitsempha, ndiponso mwina kumenyana nawo kulandira zakudya olimba. Chifukwa, magazi sukhoza kutuluka ndi chimbudzi.
• Magazi mu mkodzo. chizindikiro Zikuoneka chifukwa kuti magazi mu mucosa wa chikhodzodzo ndi kwamikodzo thirakiti linanena bungwe.
• nthawi zambiri ndi yaitali atsikana. M'litali wabwinobwino wa kuzungulira msambo masiku 3-5, ndi mwezi kwa thrombocytopenia mwina mpaka nthawi ziwiri kapena zitatu yaitali, kuwonjezera magazi lolemera.
• Long magazi pambuyo dzino m'zigawo. Uliri yachibadwa pambuyo pa maminitsi 20, akuima, ndipo ngati wodwalayo opezeka thrombocytopenia, zikhoza yotalikirapo, ndi onse popeza kuti maselo othandiza magazi kuundana m'thupi kakang'ono, ndipo iwo sangathe kulimbana ndi ntchito mwamsanga.

Musaiwale kuti akhoza kukhala zimayambitsa yosiyana thrombocytopenia. Ndipo aliyense chithandizo anasankha payekha. matenda angayambe ndi zizindikiro zimene khalidwe la matenda, kuutsa. Pa nthawi ya matenda awo ayenera kutengedwa.

njira yodziwira

Dokotala anaona wodwalayo zizindikiro khalidwe la matenda, chinthu choyamba amawaika malamulowa, mungathe kudziwa mlingo wa maselo othandiza magazi kuundana m'magazi. Samalani chiwerengero cha zizindikiro thupi ena - maselo ofiira ndi maselo oyera. Icho ndiye matanthauziro a kupatsidwa zinthu za m'mwazi achiyesa ndipo ndi njira yaikulu ya matenda a matenda monga kuchepa magazi, ana pansi chaka chimodzi zakubadwa ndi akulu.

Panopa, anthu onse ndi HIV amalangizidwa nthawi zonse amapereka magazi. Madokotala analimbikitsa mayesowo miyezi sikisi iliyonse, ndi kuganizira kwambiri ndipo kopanda zambiri mayeso ambiri: pa udindo m'thupi ndi katundu tizilombo.

Pali zifukwa zazikulu 5 zokhudza kukhazikitsa diagnostics:

• Chosowa zizindikiro zilizonse ana aang'ono.
• Popeza zizindikiro za mitundu cholowa cha thrombocytopenia.
• Ngati achibale asymptomatic.
• Efficacy glucocorticosteroid ku mitundu ina ya Mlingo chithandizo.
• Ngati n'kotheka, pezani chitetezo kupatsidwa zinthu za m'mwazi.

Koma mmene tiyenera kuchitira thrombocytopenia ana, zimene njira ogwira? mankhwala kuposa angathandize matenda, ndipo mungathe izo?

njira achire kwa thrombocytopenia

mankhwala wodwala kwa thrombocytopenia mwachindunji amadalira zifukwa ziti zomwe zachititsa kuti kudwala izi. Only kumwa mankhwala enaake amalola kusankha njira aluso. Masiku ano, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito zingapo zimene mungachite mankhwala:

• Mankhwala.
• Opaleshoni.
• njira wowerengeka mankhwala.

Nthawi zina kuchiza matenda safuna, icho chimapita kutali. Mwachitsanzo, sekondale thrombocytopenia, wofatsa ana ndi kuchepa pang'ono udindo kupatsidwa zinthu za m'mwazi. Imeneyi, dokotala anu angakupatseni kuti wodwala yekha vitamini komanso kukonzekera kulimbitsa ambiri a thupi.

Monga kwa amayi apakati, amene kupeza matenda, ndiye ali ndi matenda zolemekezeka sayenera. Akazi aswa mwana, kawirikawiri amadwala chakuti achepetsa milingo kupatsidwa zinthu za m'mwazi m'magazi. Akabereka, ndi ena, ndi woyembekezera, mlingo wa maselo amenewa kubwerera mwakale popanda mankhwala aliwonse. Imatengedwa zoopsa kwambiri m'thupi thrombocytopenia, ndikofunika pofuna kuchiza bwino.

Chithandizo cha thrombocytopenia m'thupi

mawonekedwe chitetezo cha matenda ndi chimodzi cha zazikulu kwambiri, kuwonjezera, nayenso ali ambiri. Mpatuko kudwala pa maziko a dongosolo wofooka m'thupi chifukwa cha chakuti mwana akudwala chimfine, ndi SARS kapena odwala kachilombo ka HIV. Komanso, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe matenda angakhale amavutitsa ndi dokotala utsogoleli wa mankhwala.

Kuwonjezera mawonekedwe m'thupi autoimmune wamba, amenenso auka kwa kulephera kwa chitetezo cha m'thupi. Kuchiza matenda, nthawi zambiri amalangiza kumwa mankhwala immunosuppressive. Komanso, adokotala akhoza mankhwala mankhwala glucocorticosteroid, chifukwa ndi chifukwa iwo kuti kupatsidwa zinthu za m'mwazi kuwerengedwa ndi kuchuluka.

Pa nthawi imene thrombocytopenia chifukwa cha HIV kapena matenda mu malo oyamba kuchiza matenda amene amayamba chifukwa kuchepa achiyesa kupatsidwa zinthu za m'mwazi. Mwina, pambuyo mankhwala, onse akubwerera mwakale.

chidwi munthu, ali ndi HIV odwala. Kotero basi ayenera makolo mosamala kuwunika thanzi lawo ndi kuti mosamalitsa kutsatira malangizo onse a dokotala.

Nthawi zina, mankhwala a thrombocytopenia amalangiza opaleshoni, ndicho kuchotsa ndulu ya. Koma njira izi anadza kwa pokha pokha kwambiri, ngati wodwalayo ali pangozi magazi. Monga taonera, ambiri a ana pambuyo opaleshoni, ngati zinamutengera zotsatira zabwino.

Koma osati mankhwala wothandiza mankhwala kukhala othandiza ndi otchuka njira.

njira Traditional mankhwalawa thrombocytopenia

Chithandizo cha thrombocytopenia ana ndi mankhwala wowerengeka amapereka zotsatira zabwino, makamaka ogwira ntchito mafuta zitsamba. Ndi nthawi mlingo wa maselo othandiza magazi kuundana m'magazi. Izo basi kutenga chakudya ndi nthawi 10 magalamu atatu tsiku.

Amathandizanso kulowetsedwa wa verbena. Kudakonzedweratu motere: 5 ga verbena madzi owiritsa, atakulungidwa mu chopukutira n'kulola adzapatsa kwa mphindi 30. Tengani izo mwa mwezi umodzi magalasi tsiku chakudya chochepa.

Musaiwale za njira zodzitetezera kuthandiza kudziteteza ku thrombocytopenia.

kupewa

Ana amene ali kale kudwala kapena ali ndi chizolowezi matenda imeneyi, ayenera kutsatira njira zodzitetezera:

• Pewani chilichonse chimene zingachititse kuti choipa.
• Makolo ayenera kusintha zakudya ana.
• Musamalandire "Aspirin" ndi mankhwala ena cha gulu zoletsa steroidal mankhwala odana ndi yotupa.

Makolo ayenera kuwunika ntchito zomwe ana awo zakudya zimene mankhwala mankhwala dokotala. Pa malo thanzi ngakhale ndi chimfine kuchitira dokotala ayenera kudziwa matenda alipo.

Pomaliza

Mwachidule, iwo ayenera kunena kuti yekha mwambo nthawi zonse malangizo onse a dokotala, mankhwala onse ndi zodzitetezera zingathandize mwana ndi thrombocytopenia kumverera bwino ndi samadziona analakwira. Makolo a ana ayenera kumvera kwambiri ana awo ndi zonse kuwatsogolera Kupenda ndi dokotala. Ndipotu, mu dziko lathu ziri chotero ambiri odwala, koma iwo akukhala ndi moyo wonse, ndi matenda sizimawakhudza iwo.