Zimachititsa chilumbachi ndi thunthu Chibade cha

Ngati muphunzira za chigaza cha munthu, ife angatani kunja zigawo zikuluzikulu. Komanso Dziwani kuti gawo ili la mafupa kumaphatikizapo mafupa wosanganiza athyathyathya ndipo pneumatic. Aliyense chigawo ali ndi dongosolo chidwi kumva, napempha mwapadera.

General thunthu la mafupa mutu

The zimachititsa chilumbachi a Chigaza wa kufufuza zosiyanasiyana ntchito zake: ndi kuthandiza miyambo ya airway koyamba (M'mimbamo m'mphuno ndi m'kamwa), kapepala kakuti m'mimba. Komanso, gawo ili la mafupa a amachita monga cholandirira cha mphamvu ndi ubongo.

Chigaza akhoza kugawidwa mu zigawo ziwiri zikuluzikulu: nkhope ndi ubongo. The malire pakati pa iwo ndi pa nsonga chapamwamba wa zitsulo diso iye amatsata pamodzi ndi umadutsa ndi suture fronto-zygomatic. Chifukwa, kulekanitsa mzere akubwera pamwamba pa ndondomeko mastoid ndi Makutu ngalande orifice.

Njira yabwino kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane dongosolo la mutu wa munthu - ndi zimachititsa chilumbachi a Chigaza lapansi. The thunthu la thupi mbali mu nkhani iyi chimayamba kuonekera kwambiri. Ndipotu, ndi aziphunzira ndi mafupa, monga ulamuliro, kukhala kumbali zosiyanasiyana zofunika maphunziro (mabowo ndi njira), pa mphambano ya.

dipatimenti ubongo

Ndipotu, M'mimbamo wa cranium ndi kupitiriza kwa ngalande msana. gawo ili la mafupa ndizo mafupa anayi unpaired (occipital, sphenoid, mazunzo ndi ethmoid), komanso mitundu iwiri iwiri (kanthawi ndi parietal).

Ngati khutu ku dipatimenti ubongo, tikhoza kuona kuti ali ndi mawonekedwe ovoid ndi lagawidwa m'munsi ndi denga (denga). Udindo wa malire pakati pa iwo atenge ndege, amene akhoza kukwaniritsa kuchokera kunja kukwezedwa kwa fupa occipital kwa arches superciliary.

Kapangidwe ka denga ndi tsinde

Denga imakhala ya occipital, wosakhalitsa, parietal, mafupa mazunzo ndi mamba. The zimachititsa chilumbachi wa cranial walola kuona kuti zigawo zonse izi ndi dongosolo wapadera - mbale ziwiri. Mmodzi wa iwo akumana ndi mkati mwa mutu, winayo ali kunja.

Mbali lowermost a Chigaza, lotchedwa m'munsi alinso akunja ndi pamwamba lamkati. Pali kumbuyo, kutsogolo ndi pakati cranial fossa. Iwo zili pamwamba mkati maziko a. Mu nkhani ya kunja kwa zimachititsa chilumbachi a chigaza m'munsi zimatithandiza kuona condyles ake ndi njira mafupa, kabowo, ndi choanae.

Monga mukuonera, dipatimenti deta kapangidwe ndi kobvuta kwambiri.

Fupa waukulu cranium ndi

Mwa kuphunzira yantchito Magawo ofunikira a gawo ili la mafupa mutu, sitingathe amanyalanyaza dorsal pamwamba. Apa ndi fupa occipital. Kunja, ali mawonekedwe otukukira kunja, mkati - concave. fupa Izi okha foramen magnum, kulumikiza ngalande vertebral ndi M'mimbamo a.

Zimachititsa chilumbachi neurocranium kungakuthandizeni kupeza fupa zosatha, chimene chiri chipinda nthunzi ndipo nthawi yomweyo zovuta kwambiri. Kuti liri thupi bwino kumva. m'dera limeneli la mutu wa mafupa akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: miyala, ng'oma ndi wazikang'a.

Mwa fupa kanthawi ndi njira zingapo zofunika. Musculo-chitoliro, tulo nkhope, mastoid canaliculus, etc. Pa chifukwa chimenechi, zoipa m'dera limeneli ndi choopsa kwambiri.

Komanso chigaza zimachititsa chilumbachi zimathandiza kusunga mu ubongo zakale lapansi. Amakhala ndi magulu atatu a zokhudzana ndi thupi. A ali oyenerera pakati pa mazunzo (Kutsogolo) occipital fupa (kumbuyo). The medial mbale imeneyi ndi mbali ya zokhudzana phiko kupanga M'mimbamo m'mphuno.

ubongo ndi gawo la mafupa a mutu ndi mazunzo, parietal, ndi fupa ethmoid.

The zimachititsa chilumbachi a chigaza nkhope

Ngati inu kulabadira gawo ili la mafupa mutu, tikuona dongosolo zovuta kwambiri. Muyenera kuyamba ndi nsagwada chapamwamba, chimene chiri chipinda nthunzi ndipo imakhala njira zinayi (Palatine, mazunzo, zygomatic, alveolar) ndi thupi. Mu thupi secrete m'mphuno, yozungulira, infratemporal ndi kutsogolo padziko.

Tikumbukenso kuti chapamwamba nsagwada mbali mu mapangidwe a m'mphuno, ndipo pterygium-palatal infratemporal maenje, komanso mkamwa ndi diso mwake.

Chibade zimachititsa chilumbachi limachititsa kudziwa fupa zygomatic. Iwo muja chipinda nthunzi ndi kulimbitsa mbali kutsogolo. Izi zikuluzikulu za mafupa a mutu zikugwirizana ndi mazunzo, mafupa kanthawi ndi chapamwamba pachibwano.

Palatine fupa nalonso yofunika kwambiri. Angapezeke kumbuyo nsagwada chapamwamba. Malire a chinthu ichi achigaza kuchokera mbali kutsogolo kwa ndondomeko pterygoid la fupa sphenoid. MUNDA m'kamwa tichipeza mbale perpendicular ndi yopingasa.

Nsagwada m'munsi, nayenso ali yekha unpaired fupa ndi membala makina a mafupa mutu. Iwo ali nthambi awiri ndi thupi. Pa fupa zosatha ndipamene olowa temporomandibular. Mwachindunji thupi lenilenilo ali ndi mawonekedwe anawerama ndi ongokhala otukukira kunja akunja wamkati ndiponso pamalo concave.

Komanso kutsogolo kwa mafupa a m'mutu ali m'mphuno, lacrimal, hyoid fupa, coulter ndi condylar ndondomeko.

Choncho, zimachititsa chilumbachi a Chigaza amatsogolera kuganiza kuti mbali imeneyi ya thupi limodzi cha zovuta kwambiri ndipo amachita izo zothangatira ndi zoteteza ntchito, koma nalonso yofunika kwambiri kupuma ndi machitidwe m'mimba.