The makina a Saturn, Enceladus. Kodi pali moyo pa Enceladus

The makina a Saturn, Enceladus, Titan, Dione, Tethys, ndi ena - zosiyana kukula, mawonekedwe ndi dongosolo. Large ndi achisanu miyezi limodzi ndi ang'ono ndi miyala. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri dongosolo - Enceladus. Research zikusonyeza kuti mwezi wachisanu waukulu wa Saturn ali subsurface nyanja. Asayansi kuitana Enceladus yotheka woyenera kudziwika moyo zikuluzikulu losavuta.

gasi chimphona

Saturn - dziko wachiwiri kukula mu dongosolo la zowalitsa. awiri uli kokha pang'ono lonyozeka kwa mtsogoleri mu nkhani imeneyi, Jupiter. Komabe, misa Saturn si chachikulu chotere. kachulukidwe ake ndi zosakwana kuti madzi chizindikiro kuti salinso khalidwe aliyense za mumlengalenga mu dongosolo.

Saturn, monga Jupiter, Uranus, ndi Neptune, zimagawidwa monga chimphona mpweya. Amakhala wa hydrogen, helium, methane, amoniya, madzi ndi pang'ono zinthu zolemera. Saturn nazo mphete owala mu dongosolo la zowalitsa. Iwo wapangidwa ndi ayezi ndi fumbi. Tinthu amasiyana kukula: yaikulu komanso yosowa kuchitiridwa makumi a mamita, ochuluka kuposa maganizo ochepa.

"Cassini"

Mu 1997, unit "Cassini-Huygens" unayambitsidwa kuphunzira Saturn ndi miyezi ake. Iye anakhala woyamba yokumba Kanema wa chimphona mpweya. "Cassini" anasonyeza dziko osadziwika Saturn hexagonal mkuntho photos, deta pa tsiku lokhala mwezi, zithunzi za padziko Titan kwambiri azitha kudziwa asayansi pa chimphona mpweya. makina akugwirabe ntchito ndipo akupitiriza kupereka uthenga ku Ofufuza. A zambiri "Cassini" ndipo anamuuza za Enceladus.

makina

Gasi chimphona ali osachepera 62 miyezi. Si onse amene ali ndi maina awo omwe, ena chifukwa kukula yaing'ono ndi zinthu zina amadziŵika manambala yekha. Mwezi waukulu mwa chimphona mpweya - Titan, kenako Ray. miyezi Saturn a, Enceladus, Dione, Iapetus, Tethys, Mimas ndi ochepa komanso ali chake chachikulu kukula. Komabe, mbali chidwi cha miyezi awiri alibe upambana 100 m.

Kumene, mwa masango zimenezi zikuchitika ndi zinthu wapadera. Titan Mwachitsanzo, ali achiwiri kukula mu kukula kwa nthambi zonse mu dongosolo la zowalitsa (woyamba - a Ganymede "Maapatimenti" wa Jupiter). Komabe, mbali yake yaikulu ili m'mlengalenga wandiweyani kwambiri. M'zaka zaposachedwapa asayansi akupitiriza imatsogoleredwa telesikopu awo pa mwezi Saturn a Enceladus, amene malongosoledwe amaperekedwa pansipa.

anapeza

Enceladus - imodzi yaikulu ya miyezi Saturn a. Iwo anali atatsegula chimodzi. Mu 1789, iye anatulukira ndi Uilyam Gershel ndi makinawa wake. Mwina, ilili kuti kukhala omasuka pamaso (kukula kwake ndi albedo mkulu izi anathandiza kwambiri), koma kuona Enceladus kupewedwa kusonyeza mphete ndipo ambiri Saturn. Uilyam Gershel anaona mpweya chimphona cha nthawi yabwino - ndi apangana chotulukira zotheka.

magawo

Enceladus - mwezi wachisanu waukulu wa Saturn. awiri ake ndi 500 Km, umene uli za maulendo 25 zosakwana chizindikiro ofanana a dziko lapansi. Misa mnzake otsika dziko pafupifupi 200 zikwi nthawi. kukula Enceladus a sichikutanthauza kuti aliyense kwambiri danga chinthu. Zoperekedwa Kanema ndi magawo ena.

Enceladus ali reflectivity mkulu, albedo ake pafupi ndi umodzi. Mu dongosolo lonse, mwina chinthu yowala pambuyo dzuwa. Chifukwa kuwala nyenyeziyo kutentha kwa padziko Enceladus konse ayi. Izo zimanyezimiritsa pafupifupi onse kuwala wakudza kwa izo, chifukwa aphimbidwa oundana. Wapakati pamwamba kutentha kwa -200 ° C pa Kanema wa.

Kanjira ya mwezi uli kufupi zokwanira kwa Saturn mphete. Kuyambira chimphona mpweya ndi ankasiyana mtunda wa 237 378 Km. Kukwera wina kuzungulira dziko mnzake kukhala ndi maola 32,9.

pamwamba

Poyamba, asayansi analibe chidwi Enceladus kotero yogwira. Komabe, unit "Cassini" angapo njira m'malo pafupi Kanema wa, anapereka deta chidwi kwambiri Earth.

Zimaonekera Enceladus zimaphala uneventful. zizindikiro zonse za kugwa kwa meteorites wambiri madera aang'onoang'ono. Mbali A ya mwezi ndi zolakwa zambiri, makutu ndi ming'alu. yodabwitsa kwambiri Education zili pafupi kummwera ya mwezi wa. Likufanana ndi zolakwa tectonic anapezeka "Cassini" makina mu 2005. Iwo ankatchedwa "nyalugwe mikwingwirima" kwa nkhope yake ndi chithunzi moustached chilombo.

Malinga ndi asayansi, ming'alu awa - wamng'ono mapangidwe, kusonyeza Kanema wa mkati Geological ntchito. "Amabereka mikwingwirima" 130 Km yaitali ankasiyana intervals 40 Km. Spacecraft "Voyager 2" zouluka zapitazi Enceladus mu 1981, sanaone zolakwa pa kummwera. Ofufuza amasonyeza kuti ming'alu ndendende zaka chikwi, ndi ndizotheka anali chabe zaka khumi zapitazo.

anomalies kutentha

Yozungulira siteshoni mayina ndi sanali muyezo kutentha yogawa padziko Enceladus. Kunapezeka kuti kummwera kwa thupi dziko heats kwambiri kuposa dziko. Sun sangathe chifukwa chotero anomaly: zambiri mitengoyo ndi malo ozizira. Asayansi nawo kuphunzira Enceladus, afika potsimikiza kuti chifukwa cha Kutentha - ndi mkati gwero la kutenthako.

M'pofunikanso kutchula kuti pamwamba kutentha ali pompano kwambiri mfundo za amenewa kumadera akutali a dongosolo la zowalitsa. The makina a Saturn, Enceladus, Titan, Iapetus, ndi ena - sangathe kudzitama chifukwa cha madera otentha m'lingaliro mwachizolowezi. The kutentha mabacteria ndi anomalous 20-30º yekha pamwamba sing'anga, i.e. wofanana pafupifupi -180 ° C.

Astrophysics amanena kuti chifukwa Kutentha kummwera ya mwezi ndi nyanja, yomwe ili pamwamba pake.

geysers

Subsurface nyanja pa Enceladus zimapangitsa lokha anamva osati Kutentha kummwera. Mbali madzi amaona ngati geysers mwa "mikwingwirima nyalugwe". Jets amphamvu adawonekera monga kafukufuku "Cassini" mu 2005. chipangizo anasonkhana zitsanzo zigawo zikuluzikulu zinthu kutuluka. kusanthula wake zinachititsa kuti mfundo ziwiri. Pafupi ndi pamwamba pa particles anathawa ku "mikwingwirima nyalugwe", muli wambirimbiri salt. Amatero kukhalako kwa nyanja pansi padziko Enceladus (ichi ndi mapeto woyamba asayansi kwa deta "Cassini"). Ndi mlingo wapamwamba wa ming'alu asonkhanitsidwa particles munali zochepa mchere. Pomaliza chachiwiri: iwo apanga mphete E kuti "gawo" kwenikweni ili Saturn.

subsurface nyanja

An gawo chidwi ndi tinthu akuthawira ndi pafupi zikuchokera kwa madzi a m'nyanja. Iwo kuthawa pa liwiro wotsika ndipo sangakhale ndi mfundo mphete E mchere particles kugwa padziko Enceladus. The zikuchokera kwa akuphulikira ayezi ikusonyeza kuti sangathe atapanga kutumphuka ya mwezi wa.

Ofufuza amasonyeza kuti nyanja mchere ili pa akuya 50 miles pansi padziko Enceladus. Iwo okha ku mbali ina ya pakati zolimba ndi chobvala achisanu - pa ena. The madzi mu interlayer mu mkhalidwe madzi, ngakhale kutentha otsika. Amaundana chifukwa cha okhutira mkulu mchere, komanso ndi mphamvu osefukira kuti amalenga munda yokoka ya Saturn ndi zinthu zina.

Kuchuluka kwa madzi chamunthuyo (pafupifupi 200 makilogalamu iliyonse wachiwiri) akufotokozera yaikulu m'dera nyanja. The Jets ya nthunzi ya madzi ndi oundana asonkhanitsidwa pamwamba ndi mapangidwe ming'alu amene amayambitsa kuthamanga chisokonezo.

m'mlengalenga

Makinawa interplanetary siteshoni "Cassini" pa Enceladus, ndi mlengalenga. Choyamba mayina magnetometer chipangizo pa zotsatira pa magnetosphere wa Saturn. Patapita nthawi, "Cassini" yomweyo kukonza, kuonera kadamsana mnzake Popanga madzi a gamma Orionis. Research kafukufuku analola kuphunzira pafupifupi zikuchokera m'mlengalenga Saturn a achisanu mwezi. 65% imakhala ya nthunzi ya madzi pamalo lachiwiri ili ku ndende maselo a hydrogen (pafupifupi 20%) Komanso wapezeka mpweya dioxide, mpweya monoxide ndi asafe maselo.

Gwero la kubwezeretsa mlengalenga akuyembekezeka geysers, ntchito phiri kapena mpweya.

Kodi pali moyo pa Enceladus?

Kupeza madzi mu mkhalidwe madzi - mtundu wa chikudutsa mu mndandanda wa zingakhale lokhalamo (njira yokhayo zamoyo yosavuta) zachilengedwe. Malinga ndi asayansi, ngati nyanja pansi padziko Enceladus akhala aliko, kuyambira kubadwa kwa dongosolo dzuwa, Mwina kupeza moyo apo si mkulu, malinga madzi pafupifupi onse nthawi anakhalabe mu boma madzi. Ngati nyanja amaundana nthawi, n'zotheka chifukwa cha mtunda chidwi kwa magetsi, ndiye mwayi wa habitability amakhala yaing'ono kwambiri.

Kutsimikiza kapena kutsutsa mfundo ofufuza tsopano atha yekha mudziwe akubwera kuchokera "Cassini" kafukufuku. ntchito yake anawonjezera mpaka 2017. Sizikudziwika mmene posachedwapa tidzatha kupita Saturn ndi makina ake a probes ena danga. Mtunda ku dziko lapansi Enceladus lalikulu, ndipo ntchito imeneyi amafuna kukonzekera bwino ndalama yokongola.

"Cassini" kafukufuku akupitiriza. Iye ankati kuphunzira mpweya chimphona Saturn ndi makina. Enceladus Komabe, kodi sapezeka pa mndandanda waukulu ntchito. mbali ananena amaphatikiza mu mndandanda zofunika kwambiri. Palibe ankayembekezera kupeza madzi mu mkhalidwe madzi pa malo a dongosolo dzuwa, kumene Saturn ili. Photos of geysers pa Enceladus, ndipo patatha zaka zochepa anapeza kuoneka zosaneneka. N'zotheka Kanema zodabwitsa sikuthera mpaka akamaliza ntchito "Cassini" Astrophysics kuphunzira zambiri zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa za mwezi uno achisanu.