Culture lingaliro mu Sociology

Chikhalidwe akuti amakhala ndi ambiguity ndi ntchito kufotokoza njira ya uzimu, aluntha, chitukuko zokongoletsa; maonekedwe ndi mankhwala a zinthu zauzimu, nzeru ndi luso; limalongosola motani mkhalidwe wa anthu, potengera dongosolo la anthu ndi malamulo.

Lingaliro la chikhalidwe mu Chaanthu amakhudza kwambiri, amasonyeza kuphunzira mu kusiyana kwa zinthu izi.

Lingaliro la chikhalidwe Chaanthu ku ofufuza osiyana amasiyana pa nambala ya makhalidwe, amene amalenga prerequisites kuti Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa njira zotsatirazi tanthauzo lake.

Zopangapanga njira amaona chikhalidwe m'njira wodziika ngati mlingo osiyana kupanga komanso magulu osiyanasiyana a moyo pagulu proivleniyah ake onse kubalana. Ntchito njira - monga chopereka mosiyanasiyana osiyana ndi mitundu ya zinthu zakuthupi ndi zauzimu ndi zotsatira za ntchito imeneyi. Ubwino njira - monga dera la moyo wauzimu yomwe chikhalidwe ndi dongosolo la makhalidwe, mfundo ndi zikhulupiriro, komanso njira yosonyezera mfundo izi. Integrated njira inanena kuti chikhalidwe tichipeza zitsanzo silinatchulidwe ndi zolaula pa khalidwe la munthu, amene kwaiye ndi opatsirana kudzera mwa zizindikiro, akamanena za tichipeza kufunika chikhalidwe lingaliro, kusankha yotsiriza mbiri.

Lingaliro la chikhalidwe Chaanthu ndi udindo wake, malo miyoyo ya anthu ali lathu zosiyanasiyana za mafunde awiri. Njira yoyamba pa nkhani - zamoyo zinachita (Johann Gottfried woweta). Mu izo, chikhalidwe kuoneka ngati chinthu molimba bwino ndi zamoyo wa munthu, amene angathe kusandutsa mu kulenga ndi zogwirizana wokhalapo. Njira yachiwiri - yovuta. Iye akumasulira chikhalidwe njira yapadera za ukapolo wa munthu ndi asinthe mwapang'onopang'ono mu chida cha mphamvu osagwirizana munthu.

Tonga akatswiri afufuza mfundo chikhalidwe motere. Zhan Zhak Russo ankakhulupirira kuti moyo mu chilolo zachilengedwe ndi kokha yolondola imodzi, ndipo wopotoza chikhalidwe. Fridrih Nitsshe analemba kuti munthu ali kwenikweni yosatukuka, ndi chikhalidwe cholinga cha ukapolo wake ndi kupondereza mphamvu za chilengedwe.

Oswald Spengler ankakhulupirira kuti aliyense chikhalidwe ali tsogolo yake, umene umatha ndi chitukuko cha chitukuko. Tenesi Ferdinand anabweretsa chiphunzitso cha ndikosatheka otsutsana zikhalidwe ndi chitukuko. José Ortega Gasset ndi woyambitsa wa mwambo wotaya chikhalidwe, kutanthauza kuti munthu membala wa misa ndi makhalidwe ake wochezeka. Vuto la chitukuko chi kumayambitsa massivization chikhalidwe.

chikhalidwe Russian, ofufuza atanthauzira mfundo chikhalidwe Chaanthu okayikira. Pa dzanja limodzi, Kutacha mwambo wa chiphunzitso cha chisinthiko, chimene patsogolo anthu anatsimikiza ndi chitukuko cha chikhalidwe), ndi pa zina - kutsutsa.

Zochitika za chikhalidwe Chaanthu aime ndi: mfundo chinenero, malamulo, miyambo, miyambo, ndi miyambo. Zinthu asonyeza chikhalidwe - lingaliro kapena mfundo (kuti bungwe dziko la amuna), chiŵerengero (kuonetsetsa kulumikizana pakati pa anthu), mfundo (asonyeza chikhulupiriro anthu) ndi malamulo (chikhalidwe cha anthu).

Mitundu ya chikhalidwe Chaanthu zotsatirazi, malingana ndi muyezo ena anatchula.

Pa dera kapena Hrs: Azungu, East, Europe, Africa, America, etc.

Mu maziko kuchuluka: chikhalidwe wakale, chikhalidwe cha Zapakati, Kubadwa Kwatsopano, Modern ndi Contemporary.

Malinga ndi mtundu wa ulimi okhudzidwa: nkhaniyo (zonse zimene zikukhudzana ndi malo amene anthu zosowa zake, mbali njira zamakono moyo, njira ya ulimi, zipangizo, nyumba mphamvu, ndale, etc.), wauzimu (zikuphatikizapo zinthu m'maganizo, unsembe, maganizo, mfundo ndi kufalitsa iwo zitsanzo za khalidwe) ndi chikhalidwe (ndi anthu, chuma, mabungwe chikhalidwe).