Culture ndi chitukuko mu chitukuko anthu

The chiŵerengero cha mfundo za chikhalidwe ndi chitukuko ndi vuto m'malo kobvuta. Ena anzeru ndikukhulupirira pafupifupi n'chimodzimodzi, komanso gululo lalikulu la anthu amene zimaŵetedwa mawu awa ndi kuganizira iwo ankatsutsa. Taganizirani phindu lokha ndi chiyambi cha mawu awa. "Culture" chaonekera Roma ndipo poyamba anayimira kulima dziko. The etymology akuti "chitukuko" amachokera ku Latin "civis" (kutanthauza mzinda wokhalamo, nzika). Mu lingaliro limeneli enaake a chitukuko cha maubale (malamulo, zomangamanga anthu), moyo (nyumba pagulu, misewu, madzi, etc.), miyambo ndi luso (mwambo ndi aesthetics).

Monga tikuonera, pa dzanja limodzi m'gulu Aroma chikhalidwe (mu tanthauzo pano) mu kwambiri ambiri akuti "chitukuko", ndi pa zina - ngati chinachake anasiyanitsa molapitsa m'midzi ndi m'mizinda, ŵakusanga ndi oyengeka bwino. Koma tikhoza anena kuti pa chiyambi cha anthu, onse zinthuzo sanali antonymous. Ndipotu, timalankhula chomwecho "chikhalidwe cha chitukuko wakale", kutanthauza kuti maphatikizidwe organic patsogolo sayansi ndi nthano, luso ndiponso sayansi ya anthu pa enaake ikuyendera.

Man Sasinthasintha kwa dziko lakunja, ndipo amayesetsa kusandutsa. Choncho, tikamanena kuti chikhalidwe ndi chitukuko ndi kusonyeza kupita patsogolo pa anthu, kuti ndi zotsatira za polojekiti ikuyendera. Pa dzanja limodzi, anthu pofuna kumvetsa malamulo amene alipo mu chikhalidwe, ndi kuwagwiritsa ntchito chuma zina linakhalapo. Komano, iye amayesetsa kumvetsa malo ake dziko kupeza chiyanjano anataya, kumvetsa cholinga cha moyo wake.

Patsogolo chikhalidwe M'badwo Watsopano ndi chitukuko si zotsutsana koma matanthauzo ikuthandizira. Malamulo a chilengedwe kuwamva monga Mulungu analikhazikitsa (kapena milungu) mfundo chotero dera la wauzimu mwachangu alumikizirana ndi dziko zakuthupi. Mulungu analenga - munthu - kumanga chikhalidwe chosiyana, amenenso nawo mogwirizana lakumwamba, ngakhale kuti akuwonekera mu zinthu zimenezi zinkaoneka wamba ngati mphero yoyendera madzi, pulawo kwa wolima kwambiri ndi banki kukongoza.

Komabe, ndi chiyambi cha nthawi ya mfundo zamakono cha "chikhalidwe" ndi "chitukuko" ayamba mogwirizana. Kupanga kubwera pa mzere msonkhano dehumanizes malonda awo, kusunthira Mlengi wawo - mmisiri. munthu anasiya kuika mtima wanu zinthu, ndipo iwo anayamba kukhala ndi mzimu iye. Onse mfundo izi akhala odana nafe, ndipo Komanso panali ersatz, "centaur" zochitika zonse - mafashoni.

Kodi akamanena za nkhondo, imene pali chikhalidwe ndi chitukuko? Woyamba ukugwira ntchito mfundo wosatha (tingachipeze powerenga konse akale), ndipo chachiwiri amachokera chakuti zipangizo zamagetsi chinthu chakale, iwo m'malo mwa ena, patsogolo kwambiri. Sayansi yamakono ndi wanzeru (makamaka ndalama okhawo mafakitale omwe benefiti chogwirika), koma zomwe mzimu sikuti kulipira ndalama. Art, mabuku, chipembedzo zachokera kupambana ya nyengo zapitazo, pamene mulingo uliwose ndi gawo patsogolo kawirikawiri kudzidalira.