Chikhalidwe cha Masiku ano vuto la periodization, khalidwe, zinthu zapadera

chikhalidwe anthu angafanane mwina ndi chosaneneka imvi nyanja. Kozama ake chinabisidwa chuma osawerengeka wamaganizo, katswiri wapadera wa nyimbo ndi zithunzi, zomangamanga ndi mafilimu a kanema, sayansi, wamkulu atulukira lawolawo , ndipo kwambiri amene anafotokozedwa maonekedwe athu auzimu lero. Anthu moyo wake anadziwa otukuka ambiri anasiya umboni kwambiri pa za tsogolo la ana, kapena kumizidwa mu anaiwalika popanda sanachite. Nthawi iliyonse asankhe akatswiri awo, atsogoleri awo auzimu, ndipo tingachidziwe osiyana.

Mu malo ya Mibadwo ya Mdima akubwera nyengo chidwi wotchedwa nthawi Chatsopano. chikhalidwe A a masiku ano wakhala liwulo mphindi mbiri ya makolo athu ndiponso m'njira zambiri kutumikira zidzaipiraipira zochitika.

mavuto a periodization

Lingaliro la "m'badwo watsopano" m'malo umasinthasintha ndi yosokoneza. Chifukwa chimaperekedwa osati yeniyeni nthawi-chimango, komanso mlingo watsopano maganizo, lingaliro latsopano la dziko, kukula kwa malo chikhalidwe ndi ozindikira. nthawi yatsopano chikhalidwe zachokera zolinga za Kubadwa Kwatsopano humanists. Ndi iwo amene anachokera lingaliro kugawanitsa mbiri ya anthu mu nthawi zakale, pakati ndi latsopano. Monga mfundo Buku monga maziko a periodization wa iwo anatenga mfundo za luso mu dera chikhalidwe, osati mu umoyo ndi zachuma. Ine kufotokoza njira imeneyi ndi losavuta: akatha kusaka, kuzunzidwa kwa sayansi, ndi ulamuliro wa Mpingo mu muzochitika zones za boma ndi oziyimila paokha Chitsitsimutso moyo ndi maganizo ake kupata ndi mphukira woyamba wa demokalase, abwino a wosatsutsana uyenderere anthu a ganizo sayansi, anapeza ndi chitukuko cha m'mayiko ena anazindikira ophunzira anthu ngati mpweya wopatsa moyo wa mpweya wabwino. Ndi chikhalidwe cha masiku ano kwathunthu kutsatira mfundo imeneyi. Koma si mayiko onse amene analipo pa nthawiyo, anali pa msinkhu chomwecho cha chikhalidwe komanso zachuma, osati anthu onsewa kutukuka. Ndipo mu kwambiri Ulaya, pamodzi ndi mawu a anthu ndi Choonadi, Katolika, nthawi zina anataya khumi zapitazi mu moto wa kusaka, mfiti amasonyeza mayesero, etc. Mu Russia n'kutukuka serfdom. Notre Dame de A Paris ku France, komanso wosafa Roma Gyugo, wakhala mmodzi wa anthu ndi yofunika kwambiri, nthawi imeneyi kusonyeza, pa dzanja limodzi, mkulu kupambana, ndege wa ganizo kulenga ndi mzimu, ndi pa zina - kuopa zinthu zosadziwika, osadziwika kapolo makhalidwe moyo. Komabe, nyengo yatsopano nthawi watsimikizira kuti ndi mkubwela kwa Europe si andale okha, komanso pakati wauzimu wa dziko ndi kugawira amadza chifukwa cha luntha, ndale ndi luso pa mayiko ena ndi anthu. chitukuko European wakhala zotsogola ndi wamphamvu pa nthawi.

Mumagulu maphunziro, palibe kugwirizana pa funso periodization.

• Ena a mbiri yakale amati ya kuyambika nthawi imeneyo kutenga Chingelezi utasintha mu 1640, Angelezi chaka, pamene anthu ndi bourgeoisie motsogozedwa ndi Cromwell kukanakhala kumuphwanyira ndi mphamvu komanso moyo wa mfumu, aphedwe mfumu Karla Styuarta.
• Kwa ena, nyengo ndi chikhalidwe cha masiku ano kuposa kukumana poipa kwambiri Buku, monga Reformation mu 1517, chaka ndi ntchito ya Luther.
• Gulu lachitatu la asayansi kutenga ulamuliro lotchedwa tsiku Kupezeka kwa America, Ottoman adani likulu Byzantine Constantinople, French kuukira boma mu 1789, chaka.
• Mapeto a nyengo yatsopano ndi Kubwera kwa mbiri m'pamabuku historiography Western amatchedwa kumalizidwa kwa First World nkhondo, ndi sayansi Soviet ankaona chaka chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri, ndi kugalukira wa Bolsheviks.

Nyengo yatsopano - chikhalidwe chatsopano

Kukongola kwa nthawi ya Age Chatsopano mokwanira zimaonekera chikhalidwe chake luso. Kuwonjezera gulu la ndale za dzikoli, nkhondo kapena kusintha, luso chikhalidwe cha masiku ano Filimuyi zatsopano omwe alowa kuzunza European ndi womdziwa pafupi ndi moyo a mu Africa ndi India, ndi nzeru zake zoyambirira, atulukira America ndi moyo, chikhalidwe, nthano, luso lake zamakolo anthu, kukhudzana pafupi ndi East ndi chipembedzo cha chisilamu.

Tirhana mu nyengo yatsopano si amaona tchuthi kusangalala ku zolemetsa (m'maganizo ndi m'thupi) komanso n'kofunika kwambiri kuposa ntchito yolenga. kufufuza kwambiri m'dera zimenezi zinachititsa kuti chilengedwe cha dziko luso ngati masitaelo monga zazikulu Baroque ndi zotsatira zake kunja, ndipo stylized Kale, okhwima classicism ndi ulemerero wake watsiku ndi chifukwa ndi kulingalira nako chikondwerero mtima ukulu maganizo a rationalism, Kuzindikira ndi kutseka khutu ku moyo wa munthu, ndi kufufuza ake akuluakulu methane ndi mavuto, ndipo potsirizira pake, otchedwa aipa otaya.

Khalidwe limene la lothandiza pa wodalirika mwamphamvu, iwo spawned zosiyanasiyana mafashoni ndi zinthu zimene si chabe m'malo mzake, koma coexisted ndipo ngakhale kumenyana monga mwa ntchito ya ambuye, ndi mwa mochuluka monga masukulu luso. Chinthu chachikulu ndi pakati pa iwo onse anali munthu, munthu. Kudzera mwa iye monga mwa prism ndi Imachitika nthawi yophunzira ndi atachitira mu zomangamanga, zosemasema zithunzi, etc. Ndi chikhalidwe ndi luso mumaganiza onse a chi anasonyeza kulimba kwa anthu chilungamo chikhalidwe ndi uzimu woyenera moyo wawo m'dziko ufulu.