Mitundu ya ndakatulo: ufulu, akusowekapo ndime ndi ena

Malo ndime - dzina la ndime iambic popanda nyimbo. Dzinali lili ndi mizu English. Poetics wa English tanthauzo la «ndime akusowekapo» wadutsa mu French - «Vers Blanc». Choncho, ndakatulo akusowekapo ndime zonsezi zinawonongedwa ndi "achotsa" nyimbo. Pakalibe nyimbo anali lililonse woyimba akale.

Malo ndime si chinthu chachilendo mu chikhalidwe Russian ndakatulo. Mu ntchito za udindo structural kwa mzera yeniyeni (mapeto). M'buku la ndakatulo M'malo mwake, ndime akusowekapo ntchito kamodzikamodzi.

Syllabic nthawi ya ndakatulo Russian amakhala ndi mawu a chidwi kwambiri amafananirako. Komabe Trediakovskii anaona monga maziko si amafananirako, ndi kayimbidwe kotani ndi mita. Iye ndiye anali woyamba analemba ndime kanthu, palibe nyimbo.

Pambuyo Trediakovsky Kantemir anawamasulira kuti "Letters" Quintus Horatius Flaccus. Izi zinasonyeza kuti andakatulo ndi sillabisty ankaona zoyambirira mu vesi si amafananirako, ndi lumpha kukula, chinkafunika mungoli.

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti bukuli poetics miyeso wakale, kuphatikizapo hexameter ndi, amalandiridwa popanda mkangano. The "akusowekapo ndime" miyeso zina sanali yomweyo anavomera ndi ndakatulo ya.

Mu zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, kwambiri kwambiri motetezera amachita bezrifmennyh Zhukovsky. Iye amapereka mwa Koltsov, Pushkin, Lermontov, mwina. Kenako, ndime akusowekapo amakhala paliponse ndakatulo. The ambiri analandira amaona ntchito kwambiri, kawirikawiri iambic pentameter.

Tikumbukenso kuti kusapezeka kwa nyimbo ntchito sabisira iwo yoyamikira zolembalemba. Ndime kanthu, monga ndithudi ena, apulumuke ndi ophiphiritsa, ndi mzera, ndi mungoli.

Ngakhale kupanda mtheradi wa nyimbo, consonance mizere mapeto, ndime zalembedwa zoletsedwa ndi malamulo a chinkafunika lapansi. M'mawu ena, mankhwala ndizo ofanana chiwerengero mapazi, kukula wina anakhalabe. Poyerekeza "woyera" ndi "ufulu" ndime zosangalatsa zikumveka choyamba. Olemba m'nkhani yoyamba, ufulu mu ntchito njira za mawu, zomwe zimapangitsa mankhwala maganizo kwambiri.

Free ndime rhymed iambic kupeza ntchito, omwe amakhala ndi nambala ya m'goli (osapitirira asanu) mapazi mizere.

Ntchito ufulu ndime nthano Mikhalkov, osauka, Krylov. Ndi chiyambi cha m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi mu kalembedwe izi zasindikizidwa zolemba, epitaphs, epigrams. Mu ufulu ndime analenga sewero "Masquerade" (Lermontov) ndi "Tsoka kwa nzeru" (sewero lanthabwala Griboyedov). Wachitatu zoyambirira za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, mofananamo kulemba ena elegy ndi kusiyana pang'ono m'litali mwa chingwe. Pamene kusiyana lalikulu m'litali mwa chingwe ntchito m'nyimbo kupeza ena stylistic kulocha amene ali achilendo nthano.

Ena ndakatulo, kuti alembe ntchito m'nyimbo, "ufulu" sanapeze thandizo. "Wokondedwa" (Bogdanovich a ndakatulo) - ndakatulo okha ufulu ndime anapanga - ankasiyana. Ambiri otsutsa zolembalemba akuimira kalembedwe mu zakhala zikuchitika kwa dziko raeshnika m'malo. Onse masitaelo ndi anisosyllabic mizere wamba dongosolo. Free ndime sikusiyana intervals rhythmic, pankhani imeneyi, iwo alibe cantabile, amene Ndi mmene kwa chinkafunika ndime yake. Pa mtima wa Freestyle ndi disyllabic phazi, zomwe si kudzatha kapena shestidolnik chetyrehdolnik zosintha zochepa.

Chiyambireni cha zaka mazana makumi awiri anabwera kuchokera poetics kumadzulo, mawu akuti "ufulu vesi". Tanthauzo ili yodziwika "ufulu vesi" - penapake achilendo ndime formations. Iwo kusiyana ndi syllabic-zimandilimbikitsa isosyllabism ndi syllabic ndime. Choyamba, mawu akuti "ufulu vesi" ankagwiritsa ntchito dzina ikumasuliridwa Russian ntchito za ku French Symbolist ndakatulo.