Mbali yaikulu ya romanticism. Zizindikiro za romanticism mabuku

Opusa munthu mabuku, akuyankhula za nthawi amabweretsa phindu lake kuti ozoloŵereka achikondi kuti, tisaiwale, ndi thunthu cholakwika. Mofananamo kodi kopanda kuti aesthetics wa imeneyi nthawi yafupika mpatuko chikondi. Ndipotu, ntchito mabuku zithunzi kapena mafilimu a kanema kwenikweni amachita zodabwitsa kuwala m'ziwalo zosiyanasiyana maonekedwe ake, koma si lofunika Mbali.

Nkhaniyi itithandiza amafuna kudziwa zimene zili mbali yaikulu ya aesthetics Achikondi. Pakuti ichi ife titembenukira kwa mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe chikumbukiro anthu cholowa chake paluso.

munthawi

Pamaso fotokozani mbali yaikulu ya romanticism, muyenera kumvetsa kuti iye anali waukulu malangizo luso. Aesthetics, khalidwe nthawi imeneyi, anachita anaonekera kwa mosamalitsa dekhetsa classicism. Ngati ife kulankhula za mafelemu nthawi, romanticism kalembedwe anatuluka ndi kukhazikika yokha mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma 18. Mofanana ndi madera ena, timakhala tikulingalira kuyambira kupanga Europe, ndicho mu Germany, kumene kufala kwa England, France, Italy, ndipo kenako America. Pambuyo aesthetics chikondi cha chomaliza utakhazikitsidwa, malangizo a kufala pafupifupi dziko lonse.

Zimene kumusonyeza ndi normativity ndi

Monga kwanenedwera kale, oimira Romanticism analemba mabuku awo kusagwirizana ndi aesthetics wa classicism, amene anaonekera kwa luso pa nthawi imeneyo.

Chinthu ndiye kuti nthawi yapita (ndi mfundo culturological view) mu dziko pali azimuth bwino kwa normalization, onani chitsanzo. Pankhani dongosolo mtundu wanyimbo ntchito malamulo okhwima kwambiri, ndipo zili chobalidwa limanenedwa yekha vuto kusankha pakati pa mtima ndi udindo. Mtundu uwu wa chimango Pamlingo waukulu womangika monga kuthekera ndi kulenga ndi mavuto. Komanso, kampani nthawi imeneyi wapanga tumphatumpha kwambiri patsogolo, yomwe inkafuna kusintha lonse mu dongosolo zokongoletsa anapanga zinthu zapadera Romanticism.

Anthu mwadzidzidzi anazindikira fragility ake chiopsezo kuti chilengedwe ndi yomweyo anayamba kutsegula zatsopano, chosintha zilandiridwenso. Mbali yaikulu ya romanticism ndipo mwa njira imeneyi kwambiri za matchalitchi, malangizo ndi yimitsira wathunthu wa umunthu wa wolemba, ndakatulo, zojambulajambula, kapena wopeka nyimbo.

kumwa analembadi

Ngati wolemba Kubadwa Kwatsopano waikidwa pa pedestal, ndipo anakwezedwa udindo wa Mlengi, classicism zoterozo sanamuzindikire. Mawu anali mwankhanza anakankhira mu poyambira ndipo anagwetsa ntchito epic mwamphamvu. Mbali yaikulu ya Romanticism ndi kuti nthawi iyi angatchedwe aliyense payekha wolemba. Mu mabuku limabwerera mawu nyimbo - kumverera akuti, ndipo mu kupenta - mphamvu, kutengeka, ndi mitsempha ena.

Komanso, kopambana anasintha ndi mitu ya ntchito zaluso, koma ayenera ananena za izi.

Maziko nthanthi

Mofanana ndi chodabwitsa chilichonse mu chikhalidwe dziko, romanticism inachokera pa malingaliro ena mu nzeru. Mu Germany, kumene azimuth yafalikira padziko lonse, monga maziko a ntchito zotentha ndi Gotliba Fihte ndi Immanuel Kant. Pa mutu wa ziphunzitso zoyambirira za nyengo ino, panali vuto la mwayi kulenga ya maganizo. Ngakhale kuti tatchulawa ntchito anali maziko a aesthetics, ndi nthawi zonse anachita ndi polemic limene chikondi luso anatsegula mwayi kwambiri.

Ali ndi malo kutsogolera pamaso pa mfundo Benedict Spinoza, Dzhona Lokka ndi René Dekarta anasamukira pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo mu poyambira ndipo anali pansi kutsutsa nkhanza. Wonyeketsa rationalism ndi deification wa munthu monga cholengedwa zomveka kukhala osauka malangizo a n'kosayenera anagwetsa munthu apadera kumverera.

Mofanana bwino German malangizo Coleridge ananenapo, amene romanticism kalembedwe atagonjetsa kwa England ndipo kenako France.

Maonekedwe a makhalidwe a luso

N'zoona kuti kusintha mu filosofe sanathe zikuphatikizapo kusintha mwachindunji kulenga. Zosemasema anayamba kufunafuna khalidwe zatsopano mabuku kunja Mitundu zatsopano siteji, zokonda laperekedwa kwa kanjedza latsopano stylistic.

Mbali yaikulu ya Romanticism ndi chithunzi anayamba kusonyeza kusintha mfundo ntchito. Ojambula zithunzi anayamba kukopa mutu wa chozizwitsa, wosadziwika, zomwe ziri tsidya linalo, kutsogoloko. Pa nsalu zokha ayi ndi ambiri anayamba kuoneka mitunda usiku. Invariable khalidwe la kupenta chikondi chinali cholinga cha msewu, amayenda. The dongosolo loyamba zojambula nthawi imeneyi wapatsidwa, monga ulamuliro, chidwi zosakwana zina, ikuyandikira osawerengeka.

Music Romanticism anapezanso mawu ake ankazunzika m'maganizo. Komanso - zikuchokera mankhwala ochuluka khungu, ndi mtundu wanyimbo malire chisawawa.

Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya luso anayenda kukana kulekana okhwima wa mkulu, sing'anga ndi otsika Mitundu, omwe m'nyengo ya classicism anapatsidwa chidwi kwambiri.

romanticism mabuku

Ponena za malangizo amenewa zojambulajambula, chidwi kwambiri ayenera kupatsidwa, mwinamwake, mabuku, popeza mu aesthetics ake chikhalidwe romanticism unaonekera kwambiri mokwanira ndi ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana.

Papita mobwerezabwereza ananena kuti malowa ndi mtundu wachilendo wa chikhumbo cha wosadziwika, kupeza okha umunthu chosiyana, kufufuza aufulu misonkhano ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa wotchuka kwambiri, tinganene ovomerezeka, ntchito zolembalemba, mbali mosavuta wapezeka.

Kufunika kwa zosadziwika

Zizindikiro za romanticism mabuku m'njira zingapo. Choyamba, tiyenera anatsindika chitsutso zonse ndiAmene woona, free, lalitali makhalidwe ndi otchedwa Afilisti.

Luso nthawi imeneyi wodzikweza zilandiridwenso, ananena pamwamba zenizeni zina zonse za moyo. Awa onse tingachipeze powerenga ngwazi ntchito za nyengo Achikondi. Ndi nthawi zonse munthu, nkhondo ndi dziko, mlendo kwa naye, ndi kufuna kuthawa ukapolo wa moyo imvi tsiku ndi tsiku ndi zochepa.

The kukumana kwa maiko awiri

Mbali yaikulu mu mabuku achikondi Amayesetsanso ndi kukhalapo kwa kuvomerezedwa mwachinsinsi, chachinsinsi amafotokozera, wachiwiri dongosolo zenizeni. Ngati anasonyeza philological terminology, chigawo ichi angatchedwe dvoemiriya aesthetics. Achikondi ngwazi zonse ali zingawateteze ena. Zamatsenga ndi wamba azikhala mu masamba a ntchito mabuku pa nthawi yomweyo, kukhala kukangana wina ndi mzake.

nthawi mu maonekedwe ndi malo

Kuwonetsera makhalidwe a romanticism mabuku ndipo ngakhale otchedwa mtundu m'deralo. Olemba nthawi imeneyi zikukangalika anatembenukira kwa nthano kuphunzira mbiri, chikhalidwe, monga momwe ntchito zolembalemba. mzinda, misewu, nyengo ya nthawi zoonekeratu, zimaonekera mu mabuku a nthawi ino.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti olemba zambiri agwiritsa ntchito za zochitika za Nthawi zakale, osati pano. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse amamva wina mtunda zosatha pakati mankhwala ndi kulemba chochitika, iikidwa m'menemo. Ngakhale zopeka kwathunthu nkhani mizere nthawi zambiri zimalowana ndi chowonadi, kumizidwa mu izo.

Monga zinaonetsera mabuku Russian

Kumene, aesthetics chikondi sanathe circumvent ndi kutilandira Russian mabuku. Alembi ndi ndakatulo mofunitsitsa anatola chodabwitsa European ndi kusinthidwa pansi chowonadi wathu. Ngati inu kuyang'anitsitsa pa mabuku Russian zinalili mu timeframe anapatsidwa, muona kuti mbali yaikulu ya Romanticism Russian anasonyeza koposa zonse, mwa atsale ndi zamatsenga, lachinsinsi, ndipo ngakhale ziwanda. Ngati ntchito ya olemba European panopa yekha ino monga chigawo mabuku Russian anakhala mtheradi lalikulu.

Mosiyana ndi English kapena mabuku German, Russian, ndipo ngakhale odzipereka makhalidwe a Romanticism, amamvetsera kwambiri ku ntchito m'nyimbo: m'Chiarabu, ndakatulo, ndakatulo kuposa Kunena ntchito za lalifupi mawonekedwe. Ndakatulo anakhala kwa nthawi anapatsidwa anatsimikiza ndi mtundu wa pawokha.

Features wa Romanticism Russian amafananadi ndi Europe, koma zayamba osiyana kwa izo, chifukwa zinthu zakale za nthawi.

Oimira mabuku

Kumene, muyenera kuyamba ndi Romantics German, monga anawapatsa dziko lino kayendedwe zolembalemba. Kumene, choyamba ndi abale Schlegel ndi Novalis, woyamba kunena kuti monga oimira luso latsopano. Mbali yaikulu ya romanticism - chilakolako kuzemba - akuwonetseredwa mu ntchito zawo m'mawa kwambiri ndi kwambiri. M'modzi wa ophunzira waukulu wa azimuth izi amaonedwa, ndithudi, Genrih Geyne ndi Iogann Volfgang Gete.

Mu England, akuluakulu oimira Romanticism - ndi Dzhordzh Gordon Byron, Uilyam Bleyk ndi Robert Burns. Mwa olemba French wa umenewu sitinganene kuti Viktora Gyugo, Chateaubriand, Adelbert Musset.

oimira Russian wa romanticism - ndi koposa zonse, Zhukovsky, bambo Odoevtsev. Chithunzi cha aesthetics ichi mwangwiro woyenera ena ntchito ya Pushkin ( "Ruslan ndi Lyudmila" imatengedwa ndi ofufuza ambiri okha chikondi mankhwala).

Pali zitsanzo ovomerezeka a chikondi ndakatulo imatengedwa ndakatulo Lermontov a "kupalasa".