Sulphate ayoni: motsimikiza zili mu madzi ndi nthaka

ayoni sulphate ndi mchere wa sulfuric asidi sing'anga. Ambiri mankhwala awa ali mosavuta sungunuka m'madzi. M'mikhalidwe yachibadwa zinthu zili mu chikhalidwe olimba, ndi woyererako. Ambiri a ayoni sulphate ndi chiyambi nyanja, ali wa m'madzi ndi lacustrine m'dambo mankhwala.

mbali structural

Kapangidwe galasi amalola Integrated SO42- anions. Monga mankhwala wamba tingaone divalent zitsulo sulfates. Mwachitsanzo, ayoni sulphate ndi kaphatikizidwe ndi cations calcium, barium, strontium, kupanga salt insoluble. m'dambo Awa ndi mchere kuti kulibe boma ufulu m'chilengedwe.

Kukhala madzi

Komanso, ion sulphate aumbike pamene mchere dissociation, kotero kuti ayoni ngati ali madzi pamwamba. Ndiwo mankhwala amenewa ndi njira mankhwala makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa sulfides ndi sulfure.

The zedi zochuluka ayoni sulphate kulowa malo pa akufota zamoyo makutidwe ndi okosijeni lapadziko ndi m'madzi zomera okhalapo. Komanso, iwo ali mobisa bere.

Kuchuluka zochuluka ion sulphate kwaiye mu effluents mafakitale ndi.

Yodziwika ndi otsika-mineralized ayoni madzi SO42-. Pali mitundu mosamala mankhwala amenewa, omwe zabwino bwanji amenewa a madzi akumwa. Mwachitsanzo, magnesium sulphate ndi pawiri insoluble amene amasonkhana madzi.

Phindu mu mkombero sulfure

Ngati ife kuonanso bwino ion sulphate mu madzi, m'pofunika kuona kufunika kwa mkombero wathunthu mu chikhalidwe a sulfa ndi mankhwala ake. Chifukwa cha mabakiteriya sulphate-kuchepetsa, popanda mwayi wa mpweya mpweya, ndi kuchepetsa yake sulfide hydrogen ndi sulfides. Chifukwa kukhalapo kwa mpweya mu madzi nthaka ikuchitika kutembenuka mobwerezabwereza zinthu izi mu sulphates.

Mu zochita za mabakiteriya sulphate kuchepetsa pakalibe mpweya ndi kuchepetsedwa kuti sulphides ndi sulphide wa hydrogen. Koma mwamsanga pamene madzi akubwera mu mpweya zachilengedwe, kachiwiri oxidized kuti sulphate.

The Madzi a mvula SO42- ion ndende ndi mg ndi 10 pa decimetre kiyubiki. Pakuti madzi oyera chithunzi ichi ndi 50 mg pa DM ^3. Magwero mobisa kachulukidwe zili sulfate ndi zayamba apamwamba.

Pakuti pamwamba madzi ndi khalidwe la ubwenzi pakati pa nthawi ya chaka ndi kuchuluka ayoni asidi sulfuric. Komanso, muyeso kachulukidwe zimakhudza zochitika za anthu, kuchepetsa ndi njira oxidizing zikuchitika m'chilengedwe.

Zotsatira za khalidwe madzi

Sulfates kukhudzanso pa khalidwe la madzi akumwa. maganizo awo kuchuluka limakhudza anthu makhalidwe organoleptic. Madzi amakhala mchere kulawa, kuchuluka turbidity ake. misinkhu apamwamba anions izi limakhudza anthu njira thupi mu thupi la munthu. Iwo bwino odzipereka mu m'magazi ku intestine lapansi. Pa woipa apamwamba iwo adzatulutsa zotsatira mankhwala ofewetsa tuvi tolimba, kusokoneza njira m'mimba.

Zinali kupeza kungasokoneze wa sulfates pa tsitsi, kukhumudwitsa Kakhungu mucous cha maso ndi khungu. Chifukwa vuto limene likuimira kwa thupi, ndikofunika kudziwa ayoni sulphate ndi kukhwimitsa yake kuchepetsa ndalama zawo kumwa madzi. Malinga ndi mfundo sayenera upambana 500 mg pa decimetre kiyubiki.

Makamaka mtima wa anions mu madzi

Mu maphunziro zasayansi zachokera Mkhalidwe anachita kwa ion sulphate ndi Trilon B. Titration ikuchitika malinga GOST 31940-12 anasiyira SO42-. Pakuti zatsopano choyezera, zili zogwirizana ndi chizindikiritso cha anions sulphate mu madzi akumwa ndiponso lopanda madzi, konzani njira ya barium mankhwala enaake pa ndende anakonzeratu (0.025 mol, pa DM ^3). Komanso, kusanthula amafuna njira: salt magnesium, ammonium gawo lotetezedwa, Trilon B, nitrate siliva, chizindikiro eryochrom T wakuda.

The aligorivimu pomalizira

Laboratory amagwiritsa botolo conical ndi mphamvu za 250 ml. Linapangidwa ndi pipetting 10 ml ya yothetsera mankhwala enaake a mchere. Komanso, botolo kusanthula Chinawonjezeka 90 ml ya madzi otchezedwa, 5 ml la ammonia gawo lotetezedwa njira, madontho ochepa a chizindikiro, titration ikuchitika ntchito njira ya EDTA disodium mchere. Dongosololi ikuchitika mpakana pali kusintha mtundu buluu ndi wofiira ndi zofiirira.

Kenako onani kuchuluka kwa EDTA disodium mchere njira, amene ali wofunikila titration lapansi. Kupeza zotsatira odalirika, ndi zofunika kubwereza ndondomeko zina 3-4. Kugwiritsa ntchito malangizo koyefishienti, mawerengedwe a imagwiridwa zili kachulukidwe wa anions sulphate.

Features yokonza zitsanzo kusanthula ndi titration

Zagwiridwa ndi kusanthula munthawi yomweyo zitsanzo ziwiri ndi buku la 100 ml. M'pofunika kutenga botolo conical, masamu pa 250 ml. Aliyense wa iwo akupanga labotale 100 ml ya kusanthula chitsanzo. Iwo anapitiriza anawonjezera 2-3 madontho acid amathiridwa wambiri, 25 ml ya barium enaake, kuika botololo mu waterbath a. Kutentha zinachitikadi kwa mphindi 10, ndiye chitsanzo kusanthula ayenera kumanzere kwa mphindi 60.

Kenako, zitsanzo zosefera kuti sefa sanali precipitate barium sulphate. Sefa anali osambitsidwa ndi madzi otchezedwa, njira ndi kufufuzidwa chifukwa analibe ayoni mankhwala enaake. Kuchita izi zimachitika nthawi Mkhalidwe ndi siliva nitrate njira. Ngati mukuona Chifunga, izo zikusonyeza kukhalapo kwa mankhwala enaake.

Sefa Kenako anaika mu botolo, kumene mafunsidwe a kunachitidwa. Pambuyo Kuwonjezera 5 ml la ammonia akawinduka nkhani za botolo ndi ndodo galasi, sefa zinachitika, anaweramuka pamodzi pansi. Per 5 mg wa ayoni kusanthula akuwonjezeka madzi 6 ml ya disodium EDTA. zili anali usavutike mu madzi osamba, ndiye usavutike pa hotplate mpaka kuvunda wathunthu wa precipitate, lomwe linali mu madzi pamodzi ndi sefa.

The Kutentha nthawi sayenera upambana mphindi zisanu. Yowongolera a kuwunika n'kofunika nthawi akuyambitsa nkhani za botololo ndi ndodo galasi.

Pambuyo yozizira, chitsanzo udzathiridwa thereto 50 ml ya madzi otchezedwa, 5 ml la ammonia gawo lotetezedwa njira, madontho ochepa a chizindikiro njira ya mowa. Komanso, titration ikuchitika ndi muyeso disodium edetate sulphate kapena mankhwala enaake a mankhwala enaake mpaka khola wofiirira hue.

Pomaliza

Sodium-, potassium-, ayoni sulphate opangidwa mu madzi zinyalala osati chifukwa cha njira zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe komanso chifukwa cha zochita za anthu. Madzi ntchito chakudya, musati zikuwononga zimakhudza zamoyo, m'pofunika kuti aziona okhutira kachulukidwe mu izo zosiyanasiyana anions ndi cations.

Mwachitsanzo, pa zitsanzo za titration Trilon B zikhoza kupangidwa kuwerengetsera kachulukidwe za zomwe zili pa zitsanzo za anions sulphate ndi kukhwimitsa konkire kuchepetsa chizindikiro ichi (ngati n'koyenera). Mu Laboratories ano mawunikidwe zinkachitikanso akudzizindikiritsa zitsanzo mu madzi akumwa wa cations heavy metal, anions la chlorine, phosphates, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amene owonjezera woipa kololeka wa mavuto pa thupi ndi m'maganizo.

Malinga ndi zotsatira za amenewa zatsopano zasayansi ndi maphunziro ambiri mawunikidwe akatswiri kunena woyenerera wa madzi mowa, kapena kufunika kuyeretsedwa kwake zina, kugwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera sefa, zochokera kuyeretsedwa mankhwala madzi.