Kumva kuwawa - izo ... sitima kumva kuwawa. Mitundu ndi zinthu kugombe

kumene nyanja (kapena thupi ina ya madzi) ndi mu mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi pamwamba olimba, wotchedwa gombe. Ndi apa kuti pali nkhondo zonse mbali ziwiri: madzi ndi dziko lapansi. M'kupita kwa nthawi, pagombe kuswa ndi kutenga maonekedwe atsopano.

Kumva kuwawa - ndi ... Khama la chiyambi cha mawu akuti

Mu wodziika tanthauzo kumva kuwawa - njira chiwonongeko makina chinachake. Mawu akuti amachokera ku mawu Latin abrasio, amene anamasuliridwa kuti "kuchipala" kapena "kuchipala".

Mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu sayansi ambiri ndi malo a zochita za anthu. Mwachitsanzo, pali chinthu monga mano kumva kuwawa. Izi ndondomeko thupi kumva kuwawa kovuta minofu mano chifukwa mwachindunji kukhudzana wa pamalo awo.

Mawu amenewa angapezeke mu amalanga angapo sayansi - nthaka ndi geomorphology, mankhwala, matenda achikazi, numismatics, etc. Choncho, numismatics kumva kuwawa - .. avale ichi ndalama zitsulo mu njira ya mankhwala. Ndipo mankhwala, pansi lingaliro ili kumvetsa mkwiyo wa pakhoma m'mimba chifukwa zotsatira za mankhwala amphamvu.

m'malire kumva kuwawa - ndi chiyani ichi? mitundu kugombe

Gombe ndi sanali yunifolomu, izo zonse akuwonongedwa ndipo anasintha. The culprits izi ndi njira ziwiri: kukasambira ndipo yokoka. Komano, Mzere zonse m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya madzi iliyonse ya dziko, mwanjira ina, anapanga mchikakamizo cha mafunde mosalekeza kwaiye mu madzi omwewo.

M'madzi kumva kuwawa - sikutha chiwonongeko cha m'dzikoli komanso miyala lotayirira pagombe. N'zomveka kuganiza kuti amadalira zinthu zitatu:

• mphamvu ndi digiri ya yoweyula kanthu;
• kachulukidwe ndi mtendere wa miyala;
• ndi steepness wa otsetsereka m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Ndithudi, steeper pamalo otsetsereka a nyanza - ndi kwambiri kuti lidzawonongedwa. Ndi mphamvu ya mafunde okha, ndithudi, nawonso amakhudza ndondomeko m'madzi kumva kuwawa.

Mu geomorphology ano kusiyanitsa mitundu yambiri zofunika m'malire:

• Okhakhala-denudation (anapanga mchikakamizo cha mafunde nyanja ndi njira otsetsereka).
• Fjord (linakhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha madzi osefukira nyanja kapena nyanja glacial zigwa).
• Skerries (lopangidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zilumba yaing'ono miyala olekanitsidwa ndi ndime yopapatiza).
• Lima (linakhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha madzi osefukira ku zigawo nyanja wellhead wa zigwa mtsinje).
• Riasovye (linakhazikitsidwa chifukwa m'madziwo osefukira zigwa yopapatiza mtsinje m'madera phiri).

Okhakhala Beach ndi zanyengo

Kodi Beach abrasive? Ndipo iye amayang'ana ngati?

Otchedwa wapadera, mawonekedwe enieni a mpumulo. Mu mawu osavuta, izo si phompho ndi mkulu gombe la posungira (nyanja, nyanja, nyanja, Madamu yokumba madzi), zomwe zimafunika mchikakamizo zonse mafunde. Chifukwa cha mafunde ngati akulabadira dziko, "ankadya" ndi madzi a nyanja, kapena nyanja.

Geomorphologists kudziwa kapangidwe wa abrasive zinthu gombe anayi waukulu. Ali:

• Phompho (m'mphepete mwa nyanja alumali);
• yoweyula kudula kagawo kakang'ono;
• Benchi - kumva kuwawa sitima zapamadzi otsetsereka;
• m'madzi accumulative alluvial bwalo mtundu.

Mu mapangidwe gombe aliyense abrasive amafunika njira yotsutsana koma wowonjezera. Izi kumva kuwawa yake (chiwonongeko gombe mafunde miyala) ndipo kudzikundikira (kudzikundikira mankhwala lotayirira chiwonongeko).

M'madera dziko lapansi lingawone gombe losaiwalika abrasive: ku England ndi ku Scotland, France, Poland, Russia, USA ndi Australia. Apa Mwachitsanzo, pa gombe la kum'mwera kwa chilumba cha Sicily ndi wapadera zachilengedwe chinthu - Scala DEI Turchi. Nyanja wapangidwa ndi thanthwe nyanja - marl. Mu amadza yaitali mafunde awa ovuta miyala ankawachotsera kunja ndipo inasanduka yosalala siteji zachilengedwe zonyezimira woyera. Monga izo zikuwoneka, mukhoza kuwona chithunzi pansipa.

Kodi kuswa pagombe?

The ndondomeko ya kupanga gombe abrasive akuyamba ndi mapangidwe zamkati kakang'ono m'munsi mwa otsetsereka ake. Pang'onopang'ono kumawonjezera kukula, kukhala kagawo kakang'ono lalikulu. "Language" thanthwe chagona pa kagawo kakang'ono ichi, kenako n'kugwa ndi ndipamene yaing'ono m'mphepete mwa nyanja Chigawo - phompho.

Coast phompho chingakhale timiyala, mchenga, miyala ndi zinyalala zikuluzikulu. Nthawizina zimakhala mitundu m'malo chodabwitsa ndi mosiyanasiyana. Choncho, pa California gombe ndi mzinda wa Mendocino, amene amadziwika zachilendo «miyala magombe wozungulira» ake (Bowling Mpira Beach). Kukasambira pang'onopang'ono wawononga molimba miyala, ndiponso chifukwa detritus akupera ku mkhalidwe nyanja mipira wozungulira mwala. Izo zonse zikuwoneka wokongola chidwi (cm. Photo m'munsimu).

Nthawi zambiri, utali wonse wa nyanjayi abrasive pa dziko ndi 400 zikwi makilomita. Pa avareji chaka ndi ovuta ndi benchi Madamu limatenga biliyoni 10 kiyubiki mamita. M zinthu detrital.

Chitetezo kumva kuwawa

M'madzi kumva kuwawa akukamba khama ambiri padziko lonse. Asayansi amangofuna kukhala njira aluso cha zinthu izo.

Chitetezo chodabwitsa ukhoza kukhala zachilengedwe ndi yokumba (opangidwa). Mwachitsanzo, gombe akutumikira kwambiri zachilengedwe chitetezo mavuto aakulu kumva kuwawa. Ndipotu, izo zimatengera kuwawa mafunde, kungolandira mphamvu zawo.

Yokumba chitetezo m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi kumva kuwawa ndi kumanga masikono zambiri mkati mwa gombe, pomanga wamphamvu makoma konkire m'mphepete. Chingatithandize kupirira ndi ndondomeko ankaona ndi breakwaters. Izi yaitali nyumba konkire, amene anamanga pa kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino ufulu katundu wambiri. dzina lawo zikunena zonse: khoma nyanja ngati "kudula" mafunde nyanja, kwambiri kuchepetsa mphamvu oipawa.