Siberia Chitata, chikhalidwe ndi miyambo yawo. Chitata mu Russia

Tonse mwina munamva kuti Chitata - Siberia, Kazan ndi Crimea - mtundu kalekale ndithu padziko m'dera la dziko lathu lalikulu. Pakali pano, ena mwa iwo anatengera, ndipo tsopano kovuta kusiyanitsa ku Asilavo, koma pali anthu amene ngakhale zonse, tidzapitiriza kulemekeza miyambo ndi chikhalidwe cha makolo awo.

Nkhaniyi Cholinga kupereka monga mapangidwe bwino kwambiri nthumwi zokhudza anthu a m'mayiko osiyanasiyana Russian, monga Russian Chitata. owerenga tidzaphunzira zambiri zatsopano, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale apadera zokhudza anthu awa. Nkhani adzakhala chidwi kwambiri ndi cognitively. Osati kanthu chifukwa miyambo lero Chitata amaonedwa wina wa akale kwambiri komanso zachilendo pa dziko.

General zokhudza anthu

Chitata mu Russia ndi mtundu kuli zidzaze chapakati European gawo la dziko lathu, komanso Urals, dera Volga, Siberia ndi Far East. Kunja kwa dzikoli, iwo amasonkhana mu Kazakhstan ndi ku Central Asia.

Malinga ethnographers asayansi chiwerengero panyengo ndi 5523 zikwi. Anthu. Kulankhula zambiri za anthu, Chitata, tisaiwale, akhoza anapambulwa pa maziko awo ethno-Kupititsa m'magulu waukulu atatu: Volga-Ural, Siberia ndi Astrakhan.

Otsiriza, nayenso, amakonda kudzitchula sibirtatarlarami kapena sibirtarami. Only mu Russia, iwo amakhala 190 zikwi. Anthu, ndi 20 zikwi. Angapezeke m'mayiko ena a ku Central Asia ndi Kazakhstan.

Siberia Chitata. mafuko

Mwa mtundu uwu pali zotsatirazi mafuko :

• Tobol-Irtysh chikukhudza kurdaksko-Sargatskoe, Tyumen, Tara ndi yaskolbinskih Chitata;
• Barabinsk, womwenso Barabinsk-turazhskie, tereninsko-Choya ndi lyubeysko-tunusskie Chitata;
• Tomsk, wopangidwa mwa Kalmyks, eushtintsev ndi chats.

Anthropology ndi chinenero

Mosiyana ndi zimene ambiri amakhulupirira, mwa mawu anthropological Chitata ankaona sakanikira kwambiri.

Chinthu icho, kuti, Siberia Chitata mu maonekedwe awo ndi ofanana kwambiri otchedwa mtundu South-Siberia, a kwambiri Mongoloid mpikisano. Chitata, nthawi zonse kukhala mu Siberia, komanso iwo akukhala Urals ndi Volga m'madera kulankhula awo m'chilankhulo cha Chitata, yomwe ndi yochokera kwa Kipchak subgroup wa Turkic sizachilendo (Altaic chinenero banja).

chilankhulo chawo zolembalemba kamodzi anapanga pamaziko a otchedwa chilankhulo pakati. Malinga ndi akatswiri, kulemba, wotchedwa runes Turkic, izo akhoza zimachitika wakale kwambiri padziko lapansili.

Siberia Chitata Culture ndi zinthu zovala national

Osati aliyense akudziwa kuti chiyambi cha m'ma otsiriza am'deralo Chitata midzi sizinathe kabudula. Maganizo kwambiri pankhani Chitata izi Russian ndipo anali zimasiyana Chrixitu. Kabudula zovala yamasika anali lalikulu ndithu thalauza ndi malaya. Amuna ndi akazi ankavala pa beshmets mayiko, amene ali nawo malaya yaikulu kwambiri ndi zazitali manja.

Umakopa kwambiri ndi zamphepo, omwe anapangidwa monga mikono kapena popanda iwo. zokonda Special amaperekedwa kwa nthawi yaitali wapadera m'dera Chapanov mkanjo. akazi awo Chitata zinali za homespun amphamvu. Chimfine cha zovala yozizira ndi, ndithudi, sanapulumuke, kotero nyengo yozizira ya makungwa kupeza malaya aliyense ofunda ndi malaya ubweya amatchedwa ndi alongo chinenero kapena malankhulidwe tunami motero.

Kwinakwake kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma otchuka Russian ubweya odula, malaya ubweya, nkhosa malaya ndi malaya a. Choncho ovala. Koma akazi adalipo kubvala mu molemera chokongoletsedwa dongosolo wowerengeka kavalidwe. Mwa njira, akukhulupirira kuti Kazan Chitata anaphatikizana osati Siberia. Osachepera tsopano woyamba mwa mawu a zovala pafupifupi palibe wosiyana Asilavo zamakolo, pamene yotsirizira anali ndithu pa lokha, ndi yapamwamba iwo ali anthu amene amatsatira miyambo dziko.

Kodi okhalamo miyambo ya anthu

N'zosadabwitsa, Russian ndi Chitata, wautali anakhala mbali ndi mbali, ali ndi lingaliro losiyana kotheratu ntchito yomanga nyumba otchedwa. Kwa zaka zambiri, midzi yake yomaliza amatchedwa Nyumba Zoyenda Nazo ndi auls. m'midziyi, nthawi zambiri ili m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mitsinje.

Tikumbukenso kuti Mabwanankuba m'dera ndi yowongoka a kuyang'aniridwa kuonetsetsa kuti misewu onse, kaya mzinda kapena midzi wodzichepetsa ili mizere molunjika intersect mosamalitsa pa kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino bwino. Kazan Chitata, ndi njira, mfundo imeneyi konse Pamilunguyo. Iwo ndi malo a mudzi anali bwalo pafupifupi wangwiro ndi yochokera ku mbali zonse, misewu-ray.

Nyumba ya Chitata akukhala Siberia, komabe mbali zonse za msewu, ndipo kokha zina, mwachitsanzo mu dziwe, pali chitukuko mmodzi ndiye amaganiza. Kwake zinali za matabwa, koma mzikiti, kawirikawiri anamanga njerwa.

Against maziko ambiri nthawizonse ankaima positi okwerera, masukulu, masitolo ndi masitolo, komanso safanana.

Chitata okhalamo sikawirikawiri chokongoletsedwa ndi dongosolo lililonse. Only nthawi zina mungapeze akalumikidzidwa zojambula ntchito kwa mafelemu zenera, eaves a nyumba kapena lonse zipata malo. Ndipo zimenezi sizinachitike mwangozi. Zikuwonetsera nyama, mbalame, kapena ngakhale koposa munthu choletsedwa Islam.

Koma ulemerero chogona kuti ngakhale tsopano masiku Chitata Moscow, St. Petersburg ndi zina m'mizinda ikuluikulu ya dziko lathu nthawi azikongoletsa nyumba zawo ndi nyumba matebulo otsika miyendo ndi makabati zosamvetsetseka.

ntchito zachuma

Nthawi zonse ntchito miyambo ya gulu anali Chitata ulimi. Izo zinakhala isanafike miyambo Russian anthu. mbali zake ofunitsitsa ndi zintchito za malo okhala. Mwachitsanzo, kum'mwera kwa Siberia advantageously wamkulu mapira, tirigu, Mapila ndi rye. Pa madera kumpoto pa yambiri wakhala ndi apitiriza kukhala nyanja ndi mtsinje nsomba.

Kuweta akhoza kuchita m'madera nkhalango-steppe kapena pa steppe solonetz, chimene nthawizonse wakhala wotchuka chifukwa udzu awo. Ngati siziloledwa kutera ndi zomera derali anali ndi chilombo, Siberia Chitata, motsutsana ndi Chitata yemweyo, nthawi zonse ayipanga akavalo ndi ng'ombe.

Kuyankhula za ntchito zamanja, osati kutchula ntchito makina amenewa, zotsimikizira mkulu-mphamvu zingwe, opangidwa kuchokera wapadera linden bast madengu nsugwi maukonde kuluka ndipo pafupifupi misa limapanga zofuna mwini, ndi nzeru ziwiya birch makungwa, maboti, ngolo, zipangizo ndi sleds.

Zikhulupiriro za anthu a mtundu uwu

Kuyambira cha m'ma 18 mu Russian Siberia ambiri Chitata ndi Sunni Muslim, ndipo lero pakati awo achipembedzo ili mu mzinda wa Ufa. maholide chofunika kwambiri ndi kukumbukira zinthu zikuluzikulu amaonedwa Eid al-Adha ndi Eid al-Ramadani.

Pasanapite nthawi kuchokera kubera gawo Russian zofunika kwambiri pa Chitata chikhristu ndipo anayamba kuchita Orthodoxy. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti oimira awa a mtundu, monga ulamuliro, asakhalenso magulu awo mbiri ndi mitundu anapitiriza kutengera ndi anthu Russian.

Ngakhale pafupifupi theka lachiwiri la m'ma 19 m'midzi en okhaokha osonkhezera panali atumiki a zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana akale acikunja mizimu asangalala, ndipo ochiritsa m'dera ankachitira odwala. Anakumana ndi nsembe imene ng'oma ndi ntchito mu mawonekedwe a masamba wapadera beater.

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, tisaiwale kuti asing'anga zikhoza kukhala amuna ndi akazi.

Zikhulupiriro, nthano

milungu wake wapamwamba ku Siberia Chitata anakhulupirira kudaya ndi Tangri. Komanso iwo ankakhulupirira kuti ziwanda mobisa Aina, amene anabweretsa mavuto, matenda, ngakhale imfa.

Nthano umboni ndi mizimu wapadera mafano. Iwo anali, monga nthano, anayenera kukhala wa birch makungwa ndi timitengo, ndi kucoka ku malo apadera mu nkhalango, nthawi zambiri mu m'maenje a mitengo. Iye akhapidziwa kuti iwo akhoza kuteteza mudzi wonse mavuto.

Nthawi zambiri chigweranso kuti milungu zoterezi matabwa anayenera msomali pa madenga a nyumba. Iwo kumawateteza mabanja.

Iye akhapidziwa kuti mizimu ya akufa akhoza kuukira mudzi, kotero am'deralo nthawi zinali za nsalu zidole wapadera Kurchakov. Iwo ankayenera kuti akasungidwe mu madengu nsugwi pansi pa mtengo kufalitsa pafupi kumanda.

Features wa zakudya national

Tikumbukenso kuti ngakhale lero Moscow Chitata, St. Petersburg, Kazan ndi Ufa ndi kunyada kwambiri kudzitama zakudya ndi amasangalatsa wa zakudya zake. Kodi wapadera? Inde, kwenikweni, palibe wapadera, koma mwina chakuti chilichonse pano kwenikweni chokoma.

Mu chakudya chake Siberia Chitata amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito makamaka nyama (nkhumba, mbawala, kalulu nyama ndi mbalame) ndi mkaka (Ira, kirimu batala, tchizi ndi kanyumba tchizi) katundu.

Ikulu otchuka soups. Alendo tsopano yapamwamba odyera Chitata mokondwera anagula Shurpa kapena m'malo ngati msuzi ufa, komanso maphunziro dziko loyamba tirigu, mpunga kapena nsomba.

Ochiritsira monga chimanga mkaka zochokera kapena madzi kukonzekera powonjezera balere kapena Mapila.

Chitata - okonda wotchuka zakudya kukhuthala. Nthawi yomweyo zothandiza kuyesetsa mikate awo, mapayi ndi mbale, chinachake zingaoneke chokhala zikondamoyo wathu.

Bungwe chikhalidwe cha Siberia Chitata

Mu ulamuliro wa pa Siberia Khanate mu fuko lino panali otchedwa asapita mafuko ndi zinthu lino m'dera lawo. Poyamba, Ayuda amenewa anali awiri: m'mudzi ndi parishi. kasamalidwe ka kampani zinachitikadi pogwiritsa ntchito misonkhano demokalase. Mwa njira, thandizo mwagwirizana mu fuko lino - izi sizachilendo, ndi kuti alipidwa zinthu.

Mmodzi Tisaiwale za kuli tuguma, amene anali gulu lonse la mabanja okhazikika pakati pa chibale. thupi ili utsogoleri nthawi ntchito pofuna kuchepetsa asapita achibale ndiponso zoweta, komanso kuyang'anira kuphedwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anthu ndi miyambo ya chipembedzo.

Dongosolo la maphunziro ano Chitata

Ambiri, chibwenzi, nkhani imeneyi chimodzi cha ofunika kwambiri. Palibe zodabwitsa mu chakuti Siberia Chitata akupanga kwambiri khama kuti atchule ana awo miyambo dziko ndi chikhalidwe zaka zakubadwa.

Ngakhale kuloŵerera izi akadali yayambika. Only mbali yaing'ono ya Tartars amatha kutumiza ana awo m'chilimwe mudzi agogo, motero amawapatsa mwayi wotenga nawo mbali mu zikondwerero dziko kapena kuchita chinenero. A chiwerengero chachikulu cha achinyamata kukhala m'tawuni kwa nthawi yaitali akulankhula yekha mu Russian ndipo ali ndi lingaliro yosokoneza kwambiri za chikhalidwe cha makolo awo.

Mu malo midzi Unyinji wa Chitata, monga ulamuliro, pali nyuzipepala m'chinenero chawo, kangapo pamlungu; onse wailesi ndi televizioni ukufalitsidwa mndandanda wa mapulogalamu mu Chitata. Mu m'masukulu ena Komabe, makamaka akumidzi unachitika maphunziro apadera.

Mwatsoka, kuti maphunziro apamwamba m'chilankhulo cha Chitata ku Russia ndi zosatheka. Komabe, kuyambira chaka chatha latsopano zapaderazi "m'chilankhulo cha Chitata ndi mabuku" chinafika ku mayunivesite. Akukhulupirira kuti aphunzitsi m'tsogolo maphunziro khalidwe limeneli adzakhala wokhoza kuphunzitsa m'chilankhulo cha Chitata ku sukulu.