Seelow Heights. Nkhondo kwa Seelow Heights

Kumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World panali kumenya Seelow Heights, yomwe ili kum'mawa kwa Berlin. Amenewa ndi nkhondo lalikulu anasonyeza ungwazi zosaneneka ndi nsembe asilikali ambiri ndi akapitawo a Soviet Army pa nthawi imene pasanathe mwezi anachoka pamaso pa chipulumutso chachikulu.

Seelow Heights - Malowa mapiri ili 50-60 kukafika kum'mawa kwa Berlin, kumanzere banki ya Oder. Awo kutalika 20 ndipo m'lifupi - 10 Km. Iwo nsanja pa chigwa cha mtsinje osapitirira 50 m.

German malinga asilikali

Seelow Heights mu 1945 - ndi kwambiri magawo akuphatikizapo a silikhali wa Nazi ku Germany. Iwo anali malinga asilikali, anamanga pafupifupi 2 zaka. Ntchito yaikulu ya German 9 Army Zoonadi kuteteza Seelow Heights.

Lopondereza lamulo analenga pano mzere wa 2 wa chitetezo ongokhala kunkhondo, ndi ngalande kwa zida odana ndi thanki ndi zida zankhondo, ambiri bunkers ndi nsanja mfuti, ndiponso mavuto antipersonnel. nyumba osiyana kutumikira mfundo pakuyenerera. Nthawi yomweyo isanachitike akumoto anali anakumba odana thanki dzenje ndi m'lifupi mwake 3.5 ndi kuya -. 3 mamita Komanso, njira zonse kuti nyumba tcheru akhala bwinobwino ncho, komanso mtanda zikulilima ang'ono-manja ndi zida zankhondo moto.

9 German Army, amene anateteza Seelow Heights, inkakhala magulu 14 oyenda, oposa 2.5 zikwi. Mbiya ya zida zankhondo ndi odana ndi ndege mfuti ndipo pafupifupi 600 akasinja.

German chitetezo

March 20 General Heyndritsi kuti atsogolele gulu la "Vistula" makamu. Iye anali m'gulu la akatswiri bwino pa machenjerero kumbuyo. Iye ankadziwa kuti Union Army adzatumiza kuukira chachikulu pamodzi pamsewupo, Suli kutali komwe inali ndi Seelow Heights.

Hendritsi sanali kulimbikitsa mtsinje banki. M'malo mwake, anagwiritsa malo yaikulu ya pamwamba imene Oder. The floodplain mtsinje wa m'chaka wakhala zonse za kusefukira kwa madzi, kotero okonza German anawononga mbali yoyamba ya damu, ndiyeno kumasula madzi kumtunda. Choncho, m'chigwa inasanduka dambo ndi. Kuseri kwa icho pali zifukwa zitatu chitetezo: choyamba - dongosolo zosiyanasiyana malinga, okwatiranawo ndi kunkhondo; chachiwiri - Seelow Heights, kumenyana amene Adzathamanga kuchokera April 16 mpaka 19; lachitatu - mzere "Wotan", yomwe ili makilomita 17-20 kuseri kwa mzere kutsogolo yokha.

Ndi chiyambi cha nkhondo ya 56 German Panzer Corps anali zikwi 50. Man. Pambuyo pa nkhondoyi Berlin anali wokhoza kumatula 13-15 yekha zikwi. Asilikali, yemwe anadzakhala zokometsera likulu Nazi.

Malo a asilikali a Soviet

April 9 anagwa Königsberg - pa phata lotsiriza la East Prussia. Ndiye 2 Belorussia Front, analamula polimbana Rokossovsky, anatenga kum'mawa gombe la Oder. Kenako masabata awiri redeploy asilikali Soviet. Pakali pano, 1st Belorussia Front anaikira asilikali ake pamaso pa misanje. South pali mankhwala a 1st Chiyukireniya kutsogoleredwa ndi kulamulira Konev.

Total pafupi Seelow pamwamba anthu okwana 2.5 miliyoni, kuposa 6 zikwi. Soviet akasinja, kuphatikizanso pano, ndi kudzikonda injini zida zankhondo, 7.5 zikwi. Ndege, za 3 zikwi. "Katyusha" ndi 41 zikwi. Mtondo ndi zida zankhondo mbiya.

nkhondo

16 April 1 Belorussia Front anapita amanyansidwa ndi anawoloka mzere woyamba wa chitetezo. Ndi madzulo a tsiku lomwelo anakumana ndi kulimbikira kwambiri a ku Germany kutetezera Seelow Heights. nkhondo kunali koopsa kwambiri. Pa mzere wachiwiri yodzitetezera kuti ndibwerere-Chigawo mdani. osalimba a zida zankhondo mbali zonse za msewu waukulu umene unapita pamodzi ukhale anafika 200 mfuti 1 Km.

Pa tsiku loyamba tsiku pofuna imathandizira ukulu wa asilikali Soviet anapangidwa. nkhondo Kodi ndi magulu awiri ankhondo thanki kuyamba. Koma osati anabweretsa mukufuna. mayunitsi Mobile ndi oyenda anakakamizika nawo nkhondo wowawa. Tikumbukenso kuti pafupifupi nkhondo zonse thanki la World anali achiwawa kwambiri ndipo wamagazi. Only kumapeto kwa April 17, patapita wamphamvu mpweya ndi zida zankhondo bombardment poteteza mdani pa mizere ikuluikulu anali wosweka.

Mphete padziko Berlin

Tsopano mbiri yakale akufunitsitsa kumvetsa ngati pakufunika nkhondo imeneyi wamagazi ndi molondola analowa polimbana Zhukov kusiya njira yosavuta - Berlin akuona. Awo amene ali a maganizo pa anaiyamba motenga likulu German mu mphete, chifukwa osaganizira zoonekeratu chamtendere, kachulukidwe ndi Mkhalidwe zikuchokera mudzi chitetezo asilikali. 9 German ndipo 4. oti muli nazo zida Army, zatenga malo yabwino pa Oder, panali 200 zikwi. Man. Kunali kosatheka kuti awapatse ngakhale mwayi pang'ono kusamukira ku Berlin ndipo potero kukhala zokometsera.

dongosolo Zhukov

Iwo anali anatulukira luso mu dongosolo lake kuphweka. Malinga ndi iye, magulu thanki kutenga malo ili kunja kwa mzinda wa Berlin ndi kupanga kuzungulira chinachake chonga khungwa. Ntchito yake inali kuteteza mtima wa asilikali likulu German likuvutika zikwi 9 Army, komanso mphamvu malo amene akhoza kubwera kuchokera kumadzulo.

Mu gawo loyamba la khomo mumzinda sanakonzekere. Choyamba, kunali koyenera kuti akudikira njira ya Soviet ophatikizana formations manja. Pamenepo "chikhungwa" amayenera kutsegula, ndipo pambuyo amene anadzasokoneza Berlin.

Zosayembekezereka nayenso Marshala Koneva ku likulu la German, ngati mbiri yakale amati, kwachititsa ena kusintha mu dongosolo choyambirira Zhukov. Pakati "chikhungwa" yakhala malo tingachipeze powerenga mothandizidwa ndi flanks zoyandikana ndi chiwerengero cha amadzibisa. Pafupifupi magulu onse 9 German Army anasowa kothawira mu mphete mu nkhalango, yomwe ili kum'mwera-kum'mawa kwa likulu. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa unagonjetsedwa lalikulu la asilikali lopondereza, kotero undeservedly anakhalabe mu mthunzi wa itachita wa Berlin.

Chifukwa, likulu la ulamuliro wa Hitler kumbuyo mamembala a achinyamata a Hitler, a zotsala za mbali wosweka wa Oder ndi apolisi. Okwana panalibe oposa 100 zikwi. Man. Chotero angapo zokometsera kwa mudzi waukulu, monga mbiri yasonyeza, sikunali kokwanira.