Sobeskiy Yan: kayendetsedwe ndi ndondomeko

3 Jan Sobieski, yonena (lalifupi) ndilo phunziro la ndemanga iyi, anali Polish mfumu, Chilituyaniya kalonga, ndipo imachitikanso angapo posts zofunika ndale ndi utsogoleri ndi maudindo. Iye anatchuka kwambiri monga mtsogoleri wodziwa nkhondo, anapambana kugonjetsa Tartars, Turkey. Polish wolamulira anapitiriza kuti nthawi kukhulupirika kwa ufumu ndi zinathandiza kwambiri kulimbitsa mphamvu wapamwamba, osachepera mu ulamuliro wake.

Mfundo Zina za moyo

Sobeskiy Yan anabadwa mu 1629 mu Nyumbayi pafupi ndi mzinda wa Lviv. Iye anabwera kuchokera sredneshlyahetskoy banja, oimira zomwe Komabe, anatha kutuluka mabwalo apamwamba zikomo maukwati bwino ndi opindulitsa. Mfumu ya m'tsogolo maphunziro kwambiri pa University of Cracow. Anayenda ndi m'bale wake kumayiko Western ku Ulaya, kumene anaphunzira zinenero zingapo.

Iye ndi chimodzi ndi mafumu ambiri ophunzira mu Chipolishi Chilituyaniya mafumu. Sobeskiy Yan anapita ndi nthumwi za Ufumu wa Ottoman, kumene iye familiarized ndi chipangizo cha boma ndipo anaphunzira chinenero Turkey. Mu 1655, pa Swedish nkhondo ya dziko loyamba limodzi ndi proshvedskoy phwando. Koma posakhalitsa, iye anagwirizana ndi woyenera kukhala mfumu, ndi kumenyana naye.

ukwati

Mu 1665 anakwatira Marysieńka Zamoyska - Frenchwoman, amene anali pa bwalo la Mfumu Louis XIV. Iye ankaganiza kuti mwamuna wake atenge mpando wa Poland. Ndipo ntchito imeneyi anathandizidwa French. Iye analonjeza kayendetsedwe ka dziko lake, mwa nkhani ya mapeto a mgwirizano ndi mkazi kapena mwamuna wake, mfumu yomaliza chingatithandize polimbana ndi adani ake nthawi yaitali - banja lolamulira la Habsburg.

bwino

Sobeskiy Yan pa nthawi ino kunamizira Polish wolamulira. Kuchita izi, iye anali ndi mwayi: mu 1668 anakhala hetman chachikulu - udindo umene uli wofunika kwambiri dongosolo pagulu-loyang'anira Poland. Komabe, pamene iye analephera kukwaniritsa cholinga chake, monga anthu otchuka anasankha kuika pa malo awa wina kalonga - protege wake.

Komabe, posachedwapa Sobeskiy Yan watsimikizira ngati mtsogoleri wodziwa nkhondo. Mu 1660s, iye anamenya pa nkhondo ya Chitata, mu 1673-mamita anapambana chigonjetso wanzeru pa zipolopolo mu nkhondo ya Khotin. The chochitika yamasika anamupatsa kutchuka, amene pamodzi ndi golide French chinathandiza pamalo okwera ndipo kenako osankhidwa Mfumu ya Poland.

mfundo yachilendo

Jan III Sobieski, ntchito yaikulu ya ulamuliro wake anaona adzabwerenso Podolsk malo a boma Polish. Mfundo ndi kuti limeneli anthu ambiri a otchuka anali chuma chawo. Choncho, m'madera a imfa zoipa zimakhudza chuma, komanso zinthu umoyo ndale.

Mu 1675, iye zinasaina pangano chinsinsi cha mgwirizano ndi boma la France, amene Komabe, zolinga zosiyana. Zinali chidwi kuti zithe maudani ndi Ufumu wa Ottoman, kuganizira nkhondo ndi mdani wake waukulu - banja lolamulira la Habsburg. Zimenezi anachititsa kusakhutira ku Poland, amene wolamulira French wosasamala okha monga njira kulimbana m'bwalolo lonse. Choncho, Korol Yan Sobesky anapita kusiya Versailles ndi rapprochement akuluakulu Austria kuti nkhondo wamba mdani - Turkey. pangano yosainidwa mu 1683. Ndipo iye ankaganiza thandizo mwagwirizana kumuukira.

chigonjetso lalikulu

Mu chaka chomwecho, Mfumu ya Poland mogwirizana ndi mawu a pangano anafulumira ku likulu la dziko Austria kwa thandizo la ogwirizana mu lonyansa yotsatira Turkey kuukira. Anabweretsa ndi magulu awo ankhondo, ndipo ankhondo a United Komabe, ochepa kuposa Turkey. Komabe, nkhondo, makamaka akuwonetseredwa njira talente Sobieski, amene anatenga lamulo la mphamvu olowa ndipo anagonjetsa Turkey.

Iye anapanga pofuna kumasula m'dera Chihangare. Komabe, iye sanachite bwino apa. Pa chomwecho pakati pa iye ndi kazembe wa kutsutsana Austria anayamba. chakuti mfumu ankafuna kuchita zambiri malire wa Commonwealth kwa Black Sea kunja, koma imene analephera.

zaka zomalizira za

Chinanso chidwi cha ulamuliro wake anali kusaina za "Wamuyaya Mtendere" ndi Russia mu 1686. Mfumu anapita ku mgwirizano umenewu kuti ichitikire kumenya Ottoman. Mmodzi wa malo wofunika kwambiri pa malamulo ake anali kupanga Poland wamphamvu centralized boma.

Iye ankafuna kuti akalandire mpando wachifumu wa mwana wake ndi mwana koma ankamutsutsa ku France ndi England. Anthu sanali chidwi zikamera ku Ulaya la mphamvu ina yake yatsopano amphamvu. Sobieski zachititsa kulimbikitsa wa asilikali Polish, cholimbikitsa asilikali ake Chilituyaniya. Komabe, zonsezi ndiribe zinachititsa kuti mukufuna. Ndipo mfumuyo inafa mu 1696 mu Warsaw, mu chikhalidwe cha ndewu.