Saint Feodosiy Chernigovsky

Phwando tsiku la St. Feodosiya Chernigovskogo chikondwerero kawiri pa chaka - September 9 (tsiku la canonization) ndi February 5 (tsiku la imfa yake). dzina lake ali pa ndime ndi oyera mtima, amene ali chokongoletsera chidali ndi ulemerero wa lonse Russian Orthodox. deta yolondola, pamene iye anabadwa kumeneko. Kodi kudziwika ndi kuti anabadwa mu mochedwa 30 ntchentche za XVII m'ma mu Ukraine. dzina lake Polonitsky-Uglitskikh anachokera ku banja wakale kwambiri lolemera. Makolo cha oyera tsogolo Femme Nikita ndi Maria. Isanafike m'nthawi yake anabwera mfundo zazing'ono za ubwana wake ndi unyamata. Mmodzi yekha akudziwa kuti iye anali mwamtendere kwambiri ndi wofatsa.

Woyera Theodosius

Poyamba, anakulira makolo, iwo anabzala Kuyambira mantha ubwana wa Mulungu ndi kupembedza Mkhristu. Ndiyeno iye anakhala mwana wa Kyiv Bratsk Epiphany School, komwe anali moyo wake wonse kwambiri othokoza. Pa nthawi imeneyo, mutu wake anali Bishopu Chernigovskiy Lazar (Baranavichy). Kulankhulana izi. Feodosiy Chernigovsky ofuna maganizo a kwa makolo kulemekeza ndi ulemu.

Titamaliza maphunziro St. Theodosius anaganiza zoika kwa Mulungu moyo wake wonse. Makolo oopa Mulungu, utsogoleri kumangirira wauzimu wa sukulu, ndi kupatulika kwa malo kulimbikitsa ndi kulimbikitsa chilakolako cha moyo wabwino. Koma ndiye panali zinthu zina - kusagwirizana ndi maganizo kuti woyera anaona mwa olamulira, ndipo ngakhale pakati malangizo auzimu. Izi chimamulimbikitsa kutsata moyo wosasangalala mu obisika ndipo mu zovala za wankhondo wa Khristu ayimirire pa m'ndende ya Tchalitchi cha Orthodox.

mavuto

Patapita kanthawi pang'ono Feodosiy Chernigovsky ntchito archdeacon mu Kiev St. Sophia Cathedral ndi wamsembe wa kunyumba Metropolitan. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Kiev ndi Little Russia zowawa nsautso mavuto amene nthawi zonse ikuchitika otsutsa Bogdana Hmelnitskogo, amene sanafune kulumikiza Little Russia ndi Moscow. Mwatsoka, izi Smoot anatenga mbali, ngakhale atsogoleri apamwamba. Pa nthawi imeneyo, iye anasiya kwa Rzeczpospolita ngakhale Metropolitan wa Kievskiy Dionisy (Balaban), choncho anagawa archdiocese (1658). Ndiyeno mtetezi zosakhalitsa m'dera Kiev Metropolia olamulidwa ndi Moscow, anakhala Chernihiv Bishop Lazaro.

Kukangana ndi latsopano Metropolitan

St. Theodosius kale anatumikirabe mokhulupirika mu m'dera la Lazaro ieromonahom Krupitsky Baturyn obisika. Zoonekeratu chinali choona kuti moyo woyera unachitikira kuyang'aniridwa Preosvyaschennogo Lazarya. Iye anapanga zikhulupiriro zake, ndipo iye anakana kupita pambuyo Kiev Metropolitan Dionisiyo, kuti akhale mdani wa chikhulupiriro Orthodox ndi anthu ake. The woyera zonse amasunga mphunzitsi wake Lazaro, chifukwa akhutitsidwa kuti Little Russia adzaphuka yekha amatetezedwa ku Russia Tsar.

Mu 1662, malinga ndi zochitika za m'masiku a Chernigov, St. Theodosius anali Mulingo wa abbot ya agulupa ya Korsun. Mu 1663 zifanso Metropolitan Dionysios, Metropolitan wa Kiev ndi atsogoleri a Polish Ukraine Amasankhidwa Bishop Joseph (Nelyubovich). kusankha Kwake zikuoneka kuti zichitika Korsun obisika.

ndi abbot wa agulupa ya

Latsopano Metropolitan ntchito koyamba anayamba ndi chitetezo cha Orthodox mu Lithuania. Komabe, maganizo ake pandale sizigwirizana ndi zikhulupiriro za Lazaro. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, a Moscow boma sanafune kuvomereza izo Metropolitan. St. Theodosius akhagopa chipwirikiti, bwanji kuvomereza kwawo mbali ya masankho. Patapita kanthawi, mu 1664, anaikidwa abbot wa Vydubychi obisika.

Iye anali wakhama kwambiri mtetezi chipangizo woyera obisika, amene mobwerezabwereza m'manja mwa Uniates. St. Theodosius ansembe yotchedwa asamalidwe ndi mzimu wa chipembedzo chodziwika kwambiri ndi achangu kwambiri, kotero iye anatenga Hetman ngolo (chikalata kapena hayala), chimene agulupa analandira zigawo zazikulu. Zimenezi ali zida kumenyana amonke wapafupi wa Lavra Kiev-Pechersk. Archimandrite Innocent (Giselle), amene mwamanga mlandu wake kwa mokondera mabodza Pechersk obisika olamulira, anayamba kudandaula za kuti Metropolitan Lazaryu Chernigovskomu.

The woyera ndi wopanda chisoni, koma meekly kulekerera zoyesa, adatumiza kwa Iye ndi Mulungu. Koma, mwachizolowezi, iwo amati, chirichonse chimene chachitika - zonse bwino. Lazaro, powona monga mkulu khalidwe moyo wake, mu mzimu aulosi analemba kuti iye za khumbo lake kuti akhale dzina lake alembedwa m'Mwamba.

Great handyman ndi confessor

chikhulupiriro ndi chikondi kulankhulana Ambuye. Theodosius posakhalitsa anaika udindo wake monga kazembe zokhudza utsogoleri wa Kyiv mzindawo. Mawuwa ntchito zofunika kwambiri kukhulupirira kuti iye adzapha ndi ulemu ndi mtima Chikhulupiriro Orthodox.

dzina lake anakhala wotchuka mu akutali Moscow, Feodosiy Chernigovsky, pamodzi ndi Abbot Jerome Pereyaslavl mwayi Pempho kwa hetman ndi atsogoleri Ruthenian zoika Kiev Metropolitan Bishop Gideon-Svyatopolk. Pankhaniyi zinalephereka. St. Theodosius, kuchita ntchito izo wake, pakati pa mlanduwu musaiwale kuti apempherere pa obisika wake.

Kusintha ndi kuyezetsa magazi

Mu 1687, pamene iye anapereka kwa Mulungu Archimandrite Eletskii Ioanniky (Golyatovsky), pa malangizo a Bishop Lazaro m'malo mwake waima, patatha zaka 24 za ulamuliro Vudubickiy, St. Theodosius. Anamuika kuti positi Bishop Lazar kuvumbitsira ake ndi dzanja lake lamanja, ndipo kuchokera nthawi imeneyo iye amakhala membala wa zinthu zonse chabwino cha nthawi. Popeza nthawi yomweyo kulimbikitsa kwambiri mgwirizano pakati pa anthu a Kiev, Great Russian ndi South Russian mipingo. Moscow atsogoleri amayang'ana ndi kukayikirana kwambiri pa Kiev Russia ndi South chifukwa chotsatira kwambiri Chikatolika ndi chisokonezo onse.

Pambuyo kujowina m'zaka oyambirira XVII ndi Ukraine ku Moscow ku Kiev mu izo kudutsa mbadwa ntchito zipembedzo ndi boma, lomwe anayang'ana oipa kwambiri, monga mochuluka wolemekezeka miyambo yawo Polish kupenta ndi miyambo. Ena mabishopu ngakhale anali kumadzulo sukulu maphunziro Akatolika, ndipo iwo anali ngakhale maganizo si mbali ya mzimu chikale.

Theodosius - Bishopu wamkulu wa Chernigov

Mu 1690, Metropolitan wa Kiev Gideon akafa, ndi St. Theodosius atapereka m'malo mwake. Komabe, izi positi mkulu amalandira Mapanga Archimandrite Barlaam (Jasinski), imene zaka ziwiri Theodosius anatumikira monga rector wa Lavra Kiev-Pechersk. Kusodza la Mulungu. Theodosius ankakonza udindo wina mkulu mu Chernigov. Apa iye linayamba kuwala makhalidwe wake woyera, ndipo osati moyo, koma pambuyo pa imfa monga mtumiki wosankhika wa Mulungu.

Mu 1692 Preosvyaschennyy Lazar anaika msonkhano yokhudza atsogoleri Ruthenia hetman I. S. Mazepa ndi oimira anthu, ndi Chernihiv mpando yoikidwiratu Archimandrite Theodosius. Mu July chaka chomwecho Feodosiy Chernigovsky akadzafika mu Moscow, kumene mafumu ndi Yohane ndi Petre Alekseeviche Iye anaikidwa mu chikondwerero m'mlengalenga Mfundo Cathedral ku Mulingo wa bishopu wamkulu. The Tsar anamveketsa yozungulira osati ku Kiev koma ku Moscow Orthodox, ndipo chisanadze otchuka pakati pa hierarchs wa Russian, oyera latsopano adzakhala kulandira msonkhano pa sakkos.

zochitika wosatha ubusa ndi mavuto

Iye anabwerera ku Chernigov, anayamba kusamalira nkhani za chigawocho ndipo amaona kuthandiza wa mabishopu Lazar, amene anali mankhalamba, pafupi imfa.

mpingo yaitali kukondwera mwa wachifumu adziwitse wa Mulungu awiri odzipereka woyera. September 3, 1693 73 wazaka munthu, Lazaro wamwalira. St. Theodosius anamkonda monga bambo, iye kwenikweni chisoni. Chin manda Theodosius adadziyesera yekha. Russian Tsar ndi kholo la St. Theodosius ankalemekeza zikalata ndipo anamulonjeza chifundo chake. Pambuyo pa imfa ya Bishop Lazar St Theodosius amalandira zithunzi kalata kasamalidwe palokha wa Chernigov chigawocho.

Feodosiy Chernigovsky mu mpingo wake anabweretsa mwapadera kwa kupembedza koona Mkhristu mbamphedza wakale ndi watsopano cloisters ndi mipingo. Mu 1694, chifukwa iye anali zochokera Pechenitskaya Lyubetsky obisika ndi hermitage, m'chaka chomwecho ndi dalitso mpingo wake wa Kubadwa kwa Yesu la Namwali Wodalitsidwa mu Domnitskom obisika inamangidwa. Mu 1695, iye anali opatulidwira Utatu Cathedral, omwe anakhala chachikulu cha m'dera la Chernigov.

kutukuka

Mu ulamuliro wake, Chernigov chigawocho n'kutukuka, ndipo unkachitika kulimbitsa monasticism. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa ansembe wake woyera, iye anali chabe kwambiri posankha anthu udindo ansembe ndi iwo. St. Theodosius komanso anathandiza kwambiri sukulu zauzimu, amene anaitanidwa masikolala ndi agulupa ku Kiev. Mwa iwo anali Metropolitan Tobolskiy Ioann Maksimovich, posakhalitsa anayamba kuthandiza ndi m'malo mwa St. Theodosius, iye ndiye mbamphedza chipangizo Theological Schools.

St. Feodosiy Chernigovsky anamva njira ya imfa yake ndipo unali kukonza m'malo. Iwo anakhala kazembe wa Bryansk ndi Svensk obisika mmonke John (Maximovich), anamuika bwanamkubwa wa Chernigov Eletski obisika.

Kamodzi, mu 1694, Mkatolika Domi- Polubensky anatembenukira kwa iye ndi pempho, amene akufuna awo kupita nzika za mafumu a Moscow, kuti athe titembenukira kwa chikhulupiriro Orthodox cha makolo ake. The woyera sanadzisiyira pempho mogontha, ndipo posakhalitsa anakhala Russian nkhani Orthodox.

Imfa mtendere

1696 anali womaliza kwa iye, woyera Feodosiy Chernigovsky anafa mwamtendere pa February 5. Iye anaikidwa mu Chernigov Boris ndi Gleb Cathedral, ku crypt ndi mwapadera kwa iye.

Good ndi chilungamo m'busa pamene moyo wake kusiya nkhosa zake, ndi pambuyo pa imfa yake anakhala wake woyera woyang'anira woyera. Ndipo tsopano Iye amatsitsa chisomo cha Mulungu kwa onse amene m'chikhulupiriro apemphe kwa iye. thupi lake anatsala incorrupt, amene anali maziko canonization wake.

стал первым святым, прославленным во времена правления царя Николая II. September 9, 1896, St Feodosiy Chernigovsky anali woyera choyamba, chikondwerero nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Tsar Nicholas II. Wapadera canonization ndi Metropolitan Kievskiy Ioanniky (miyala), naye mabishopu asanu, atsogoleri ena ambiri ndi anthu amene anabwera kuchokera pa dziko lonse mu Chernigov. Izi ndi chikondwelero zodabwitsa zinali zodzaza ndi zodabwitsa latsopano limene tsopano zochuluka amasangalala Orthodox okhulupirira woyera Feodosiy Chernigovsky. Zotsalira za woyang'anira woyera wa dziko Chernigov tsopano m'manda mu Woyera Utatu Cathedral.

zithunzi

Pamaso zitasintha panali ochepa olembedwa zithunzi wodziwika ndi nkhope ya munthu woyera mtima. Kale mu zithunzi 90s Feodosiya Chernigovskogo anakhala m'chipani ndi woyenera kugula, atafika kunyumba yokongola zopereka yakale yoyendera. Mwa njira, pa nthawi yomweyo mu Lavra Kyiv-Pechersk anataya mafano zingapo ndi nkhope ya munthu woyera mtima.

Mu ulemu wa woyera inamangidwa Kiev Temple Feodosiya Chernigovskogo, akhoza anafika pa Chernobyl 2. - woyang'anira woyera ndi mtetezi wa liquidators wa ngozi Chernobyl.

Tikumbukenso kuti kachisi ali Feodosiya Chernigovskogo ndi Kiev Kiyanovskom Lane 6/10, komanso m'dera Dnepropetrovsk, m'mudzi wa Oleksandrivka.

Bishopuyo wolemekezeka mtendere, chilungamo ndi chikhululukiro, adatenga chifundo kwambiri anthu amene anabwera kwa iye awathandize, ndipo anathandiza osati Orthodox, komanso oimira zipembedzo zina.

Nkhani ya anatseka misewu ya Leningrad

Tikulongosola za moyo wa woyera uyu, tisaiwale, ndi wina zambiri zofunika chochitika kugwirizana ndi anatseka misewu ya Leningrad. Mu 1942, chapansi pa likulu la zokometsera zinkapita chokumanako, chimene mafunso kwambiri za yojambula zolawula. Ndipo, zonse mwadzidzidzi, iwo anamva mawu zachilendo: "Pempherani Theodosius wa Chernigov, zimene zingakuthandizeni inu!" Aliyense chisanu, koma iwo sankadziwa dzina. Anthu anabwera koyamba kwa eni ake okalamba, kenako Metropolitan Alexis (Simanska) (mbadwa mtsogolo), ndipo pamene anawauza za Saint Theodosius monga buku la pemphero ndi kumbuyo dziko lathu woyera, ndipo iye anali kupemphera chipulumutso cha mzinda. Ndipo lifunika mwachangu kubwerera ku zotsala wake woyera, zomwe zinali Kazan Cathedral ku St. Petersburg, ndiye Museum wa History of Religion ndipo kulibe Mulungu.

Ndipo Stalin anapereka kuti izi, mphamvu anabwerera ku St. Nicholas Cathedral wa Epiphany. Ndipo chozizwitsa chinachitika, woyera zinathandiza chifukwa bwinobwino anapambana wopambana Tikhvin ntchito. njira linali lotsegula, amene adayamba kufika mu mzinda anazinga chakudya, yolimbanirana ndi zida. The Ladoga njira okhulupirira amatchedwa "msewu wa St. Theodosius."

Feodosiy Chernigovsky: zopemphera

Akukhulupirira kuti woyera amathandiza kuchiza khansa. Pemphero Theodosius wa Chernigov ndi chikhulupiriro chenicheni adzachiritsa zosiyanasiyana matenda, miseche ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi banja bwino ndi ana.

Mu 1946, pamene Metropolitan Alexei (Simansky) anakhala kholo, iye anaitanidwa kuti Moscow ndi Boris Chernigov bishopu amene analamula kuti akonze mapepala zonse zofunikira kuti abwere zotsalira za Theodosius ku Leningrad kuti Chernigov. mwambo Izi zinachitika pa September 15, 1946. Chikondwerero cha m'dzikolo, ambiri anakumbukira, anakumana ndi mphamvu ya munthu woyera ndipo bambo wauzimu wa Lavrentiy Chernigovsky. Lero anatumikira atatu mapemphero.

Ndipo tsopano musatisiye zotsalira za St. Chernigov Cathedral Woyera Utatu Cathedral, anamanga likuvutika Mazepa ndi odzipereka ndi St. Theodosius mu 1695, monga mmene tafotokozera pamwambapa. Komanso anali zotsalira za St. Lawrence wantchito Chernihiv chozizwitsa, St. Filaret (Gumilevsky) ndi ena oyera Kiev-Pechersk.