Novo-Nikolsky Cathedral (Mozhaisk): kufotokoza, mbiri zakale ndi tiakachisi

mipingo Orthodox Russian ndi mtengo wapadera chikhalidwe. Pansi zomangamanga otchuka, woyera ndi imachirikiza m'mlengalenga zambiri zobisika nkhani zonse za zinsinsi, mikangano ndi kulimbana kwamwazi komwe kwatenga chikhulupiriro. A umboni chapadera cha ichi ndi Cathedral wa St. Nicholas (Mozhaisk). Ngakhale vagaries wa zachilengedwe ndi mbiri yakale chisangalalo, iye anayima zaka akadali amamuyeretsa nthaka Russian. Kodi nkhani yake? Ndipo kodi zinsinsi za kachisi ndi masitolo tiakachisi mwa makoma ake?

malo

City, kumene Cathedral wa St. Nicholas - Mozhaysk. Iwo ali mbali ya kumadzulo ya dera Moscow ndipo mmodzi wa mizinda yakale Russian. Kutchula koyamba za mu mbiri amatchula 13-14 zaka TH. Pa zofukulidwa m'mabwinja ankagwidwa amapeza kuchokera 3 zikwi. BC. e. Pamudzi ndi kuphatikiza zochokera phiri (tsopano Cathedral Mountain) mu malire kunsi kwa mtsinje Mozhayki. Patapita Mozhaisk Kremlin inamangidwa pano. Poyamba anali matabwa. Komabe, panali moto m'ma 16. Zimenezi chifukwa malinga ndi malipoti ena N'kutheka kuba zachiwawa pakati kusintha labial. Kenako, linga anakhalabe earthworks ndi mwala nsanja yopsereza. Kenako mkulu wa Ivana Groznogo Mozhaisk Kremlin anamangidwanso.

Mbiri ya Mpingo

Malinga deta Nkhani Nikolsky Cathedral linakhazikitsidwa pa nthawi yofanana ndi mpanda wolimba m'zaka za m'ma 12 ndipo unali pa Nikolsky Chipata. Matabwa poyamba, iye sanakhale ndi moyo pambuyo pamoto, m'zaka za m'ma 15 woyera mwala mpingo anamangidwira. Pa nthawi iyi, iye ankatchedwa St. Nikolaya Chudotvortsa Cathedral. Pa nkhondo Chipolishi Chilituyaniya mpingo anagonjetsa nyumba anapulumuka. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 17, tchalitchi anamangidwanso. Chipata (kumtunda) Mpingo Nikolsky chipata kupanga latsopano St. Nicholas Cathedral, ndi pansi, motero, ndi akale St. Nicholas Cathedral. The chachiwiri pambuyo zojambulidwa zingapo ndi kukonza anadziwika monga Petro ndi Paulo Church.

mafotokozedwe

Kunja, New Cathedral wa St. Nicholas china yekha ofanana ndi miyambo nyumba Orthodox. Iwo anaphedwa zoyerekeza-Gothic kalembedwe, dzina lake Russian Gothic. N'zosavuta ndikuganiza ku quirkiness mitundu mapulani ndi nyenyezi ya Davide kutsogolo. Mkati kachisi chokongoletsedwa ndi magawo awiri chosema matabwa ndi (!) Ankasema ziboliboli za oyera. The strangeness wa kalembedwe poyerekezera ndi chikhalidwe (Orthodox) ndipo mothandizidwa ndi Bibulo lakuthwa ndi zaka St. Nicholas Cathedral (tsopano Petro ndi Paulo Church).

Novo-Nikolsky kachisi analipo pa Nikolsky chipata pa phiri ndi bwino kuonekera pa khomo mzinda. Archive deta ndi kumanga zojambula kuti sanapulumuke. Komabe, magwero ena amanena kuti wolemba wa Cathedral polojekiti anali Russian wamanga ndi wojambula Alexey Bakarev.

Akukhulupirira kuti pomanga kachisi inayamba mu 1779 koma kulembedwa mu 1814. Nkhaniyi inapitiriza intermittently ndi kusintha nthawi ya masterminds ndi perpetrators, ndi kuwonjezapo ndi zojambulidwa. Pa makoma ake ali ndi ophiphiritsa zachilendo alipo. Kuti imapereka maziko a mbiri yakale kukangana za "Masonic" Baibulo yomanga. Zimenezi zikusonyezedwa ndi kukopa Masonic kuti analipo mu Russia zaka zimenezo. Komanso, asayansi ena amanena kuti tsiku kumalizidwa kwa 500 TH chikumbutso cha imfa ya otsiriza Mwini Templars - Jacques de A Molay. Mu 1314, anamuwotcha pamtengo.

kachisi ilinso 11 phazi mpanda wa Mozhaisk Kremlin, amene sanathe kuwononga nthawi imodzi Polish mfuti. Mu zomangamanga wakale, yodziwika mphamvu makamaka ndiponso kudalirika wakhala ntchito monga maziko.

potseka Cathedral

Kuyambira mu 1933 mpaka 1994 - m'malo yosokoneza ndi kalekale nthawi mu moyo achipembedzo a mumzindawo. Pazifukwa zosadziwika, izo zinali kutsekedwa St. Nicholas Cathedral. Mozhaisk pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo anali lowonongeka. Ngakhale kachisi anabwezeretsedwa (popanda mzikiti chapakati rotunda a), pa zaka 60 kuluka fakitale inali pano. Ndipo zaka makumi awiri kenako, tchalitchi ndi ochepa nyumba zina anatitumiza ku Ofesi ya Borodino usilikali History Museum. Only mu 1994 m'kachisi anayambanso kupita kulambira.

Matope omwe ankakokoloka anawononga

Mu 2013, panali amphamvu Mozhaysk Matope omwe ankakokoloka anawononga. Anakomoka nthaka ku phiri kumene Cathedral Watsopano St. Nicholas ili. Ndi chodabwitsa koma ndi zoona. Ku chiwonongeko choopsa cha nyumba sanawononge Matope omwe ankakokoloka anawononga anaima pa ena mamita 17 kuchokera kukachisi. Malinga ndi ena, kuvulala zazing'ono anali kufukizabe amalembedwa khoma la kumadzulo. Pali stucco njerwa anakomoka ndi kugwa. Anthu a mumzindawo kalekale za ngozi zachilengedwe ndi chiopsezo a tchalitchi, koma anapitiriza kukhala nawo pa misonkhano. Ndipo posachedwa kalata awo linalembedwa ku Unduna wa Chikhalidwe cha Russia ndi mfundo, imene udindo wosakhazikika ndi mpingo Orthodox mu Mozhaisk, ndi kufunsa za zolimbikitsa. Mu 2014, ntchito zonse kubwezeretsa inatha.

mofulumira chachinsinsi

Amadziwika kuti St. Nicholas Cathedral ku nthawi chosintha anasunga zotsalira za oyera mtima (Sergiya Radonezhskogo, Prince Vladimir, Lawrence-sharpener, wofera Makary ndi Barbara, wolemekezeka Michael Stadskogo ndi Nikon Sukhoi). Komabe, mu 1919, mosadziwika n'kuthawa.

Other chachinsinsi mofulumira chinachitika m'chaka cha 1922. nthawi iyi kumwalira zofunika kwambiri mu uzimu ndi mawu zakuthupi. ubrus awiri ndi chifaniziro cha Virgin, awiri Zvezditsa, ndi chalice zithunzi zopatulika unatengedwa, mitanda golide ndi baji a Peter I. zinthu onse chokongoletsedwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali, ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali. Komanso mbisoweka miter ndi chasuble ndi fano Nikoly Mozhayskogo. Amene anagwira kachisi sakudziwika. Iwo mbisoweka popanda sanachite.

Komabe, ngakhale kuti pali nkhani zambiri, mu 1925, mbiri m'dera N. I. Vlasev, woimira Mozhaisk chigawo m'mabuku awo mwatsatanetsatane anafotokoza mkanjo Nikoly Mozhayskogo ndi cholembedwa kuti awasungira mu boma la Russia amadutsa popita Kosungira Zida.

chizindikirochi

Zopindulitsa kwa mzinda Mozhaisk wakhala chizindikiro cha Nikolaya Mozhayskogo - ndi woyang'anira anthu ake. Kutchula koyamba za akupezeka ngakhale mu epics "Sadko", "Mihajlo Potyk". Komanso pali zakale. Malinga ndi iye, kamodzi mzindawo kuzungulira ndi adani. Poona ngozi, anthu a Mozhaisk anayamba kupemphera mwakhama Nikolayu Chudotvortsu. Posachedwa mpanda wolimba anaonekera fano otchuka wa woyera. Lonyezimira lupanga ndi akuopsa kuyang'ana mantha adani. Umo ndi momwe St. Nicholas anakhala woyang'anira woyera matalala Mozhaev. Kenako, fano matabwa analengedwa. chithunzichi chikusonyezera woyera ndi lupanga mu dzanja lake lamanja ndi Mozhaiskaya linga - kumanzere.

Chosema chokongoletsedwa anathamangitsa chasuble siliva ndi miter ndi ngale zikuluzikulu, mtanda golide ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali. Mtanda pa chifuwa, ndi korona chinali golide woyenga bwino, ndipo lupanga matabwa ndi matalala Mozhaev pozlascheny.

Chifanizo cha St. Nicholas ataima pa St. Nicholas Cathedral. Pa nkhondo ya 1812, kachisi (isanamalizidwe) anali kwambiri anakhudzidwa, koma ziboliboli ndi ziwiya zamtengo wapatali mpingo anapulumuka chifukwa iwo anali atabisala mu zapansi. Lero, chidina ndi kusungidwa mu Moscow, ndi Tretyakov Gallery. Ndipo Nicholas Cathedral anaika chizindikiro cha woyera mtima.

mfundo zosangalatsa

• Chithunzi mozizwitsa St. Nicholas, wokwera pa Nikolsky chipata inkatetezedwa ndi adani Mozhaisk. Mwangozi kapena ndi Mulungu, koma pamene chizindikirochi unachotsedwa mzindawo, nthawi yomweyo anagwidwa ndi mdani. Izi zikupereka nthano m'tawuni, koma masiku enieni ndi zochitika si anasonyeza.
• Amadziwika kuti pali oposa khumi ndi awiri a St. Nicholas Church ku Russia. Mmodzi wa yaikulu ili mu St. Petersburg, Orenburg - mmodzi wa ambiri anapita. Ndipo Nicholas Cathedral (Mozhaisk) ndi mwina wamkulu mwa "abale" ndi kalembedwe zachilendo a zomangamanga.
• Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 panthawi ya madyerero fairground mu Mozhaisk zinali zodabwitsa chodabwitsa. Pamwamba St. Nicholas Cathedral masiku angapo mu mzere anazindikira ndi chowala yowala. Nzika woyamba adakwatira kwa moto, ndi kuwamvetsa, ankaona chozizwitsa ndi mdalitso wa Yehova.

Today

Panopa Mozhajskij m'dera monyadira kuposa malo khumi. Ena mwa iwo ndi mipingo kwambiri Orthodox. malo oyamba mu mndandanda uwu St. Nicholas Cathedral. Mozhaisk amasunga mbiri yake olemera ndi chifunga. Mpaka pano asayansi akhala akulimbana kaya ndi zoona Russian kufunika chikhalidwe kapena chizindikiro china Masonic. Koma mpingo Orthodox kuti zilibe kanthu. Ku Russia kuno okhulupirika amalambira mafano woyera ndi zinthu zakale ndi kukhala oyera ndi imachirikiza m'mlengalenga. St. Nicholas Cathedral - weniweni mbiri chipilala, amene, pamodzi ndi makachisi ena akale amatikumbutsa mphamvu ya chikhulupiriro Orthodox, motero mantha ndi akulumikiza anthu a Russia.